CH.9 Expanding Market

AndMoving West

SECTION 1 MARKET REVOLUTION

Growing US markets Specialization- Raise one or two types of crops.

Market Revolution-Buy and sell goods instead of make them.

Capitalism-Private and individual business drive production.

Entrepreneurs-People willing to risk money to make money

TRANSPORTATION Canals (Erie Canal) Steamboats Railroads (consolidation spurred on the

railroads)

COMMUNICATION Telegraph- Samuel Morse-Communication quickened Rotary Press- Richard Hoe-Print faster

Significance: Communication and newspapers grow. North becomes more divided from the South.

COMPARISON OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH

North Better

transportation Better banking

system Better

communication Better industry Better

unification

South Poor

transportation Few banking

systems Poor

communication Few industry Divided

AGRICULTURAL IN THE NORTH

Northeast- Decline in Ag Northwest- Increase in Ag, better soil

Increase in growing single crops Northwest and Northeast work together

Better Ag techniques and toolsJohn Deere - Steel Plow, Cyrus McCormick -Mechanical reaper

JOHN L. O’SULLIVAN, DEMOCRATIC REVIEW 1845“is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread

and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self government entrusted to us. It is a right such as that of the tree to the space of air and earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth.”

MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny- It was the USA’s

divine right to expand their lands across North America.

Superiority of the “American race” (white people)

Many views on manifest destiny

Was manifest destiny moral???

MANIFEST DESTINY LEADS TO ISSUES

Black Hawk War

Further issues led to a treaty

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)- -Gave Native Americans control of the Central

Plains (land east of the Rocky Mountains)-Natives promised not to attack settlers.

*US fails to follow through with their side of the treaty.*

DESTINIES TO THE WEST Santa Fe Trail- Missouri to New Mexico Oregon Trail- Missouri to Oregon

MORMONS MOVE WEST Mormons- Church of Latter-Day Saints Founded by Joseph Smith Book of Mormon Moved to Illinois but Smith was murdered. Brigham Young took their group to Utah to

flea persecution.

MANIFEST DESTINY TO THE WEST Oregon & Maine- Both the US and

Britain claimed parts of each of these lands

Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 divided Maine and Minnesota, but what about Oregon?

“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”

PRESIDENT JAMES POLK Polk and Britain decide to split Oregon.

At 49th parallel.

EXPANSION IN TEXASUS GAVE AWAY TEXAS IN WHAT

TREATY?

Mexico wins its independence from Spain in 1823.

Mexico gives land grants to draw people to Texas.

Stephen Austin brings in 300 families to Texas.

ISSUES BEGIN WITH TEXAS

Problem: Mexico forces immigrants to convert to Roman Catholicism and outlawed slavery.

Solution: Immigrants refuse, Mexico closes border.

Problem: Americans continue to go anywaysSolution: New General Antonio Lopez de

Santa Anna enforces Mexican laws.

Problem: Sam Houston and others revolt and declare Texas an independent republic.

CONTINUED ISSUES

Santa Anna attacked the Alamo in San Antonio killing all of the American defenders

Battle of San Jacinto River, Americans surprise attack with Sam Houston and capture Santa Anna.

Force Santa Anna to sign a treaty for Texas’s independence.

Mexican legislature denies the treaty.

WAR WITH MEXICO Annexation angers Mexico Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico City

to1) Persuade Mexico to sell California and

New Mexico territories2) Settle dispute of Mexico-Texas

Slidell fails.

CAUSES FOR WAR WITH MEXICO Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor

to move his army toward the Rio Grande.

April 24 1846 Mexico sends army across Rio Grande and attacks American army patrol.

Polk ask Congress for war. Northern Whigs oppose (Lincoln) Congress approves the war.

FIGHTING AND END OF WAR Most fighting is in Mexican territory US fights with small numbers of armies. US straight dominate and eventually

capture Mexico City in 1847.Consequences:

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexican Cession 1848.

1) Mexico would recognize the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas.

2) The US takes California and New Mexico for $15 million.

MAP RESULTS OF MEXICAN WAR

GADSEN PURCHASE President Franklin Pierce five years after

the Mexican War bought New Mexico and Arizona

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH Gold Rush- People “rushed” in to strike

gold. Called the forty-niners because they

rushed to California in 1849.

Huge immigration of Chinese come as a result of this rush.