ch5 biomass

8/13/2019 Ch5 Biomass

1/22

CHAPTER 5

Bio mass Energy

Yogesh, Hiren, Missam Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic


2/22

Biomass

Terminology

Biomass Energy=energy recovered from

biomassorganic matter

such as plant material and

animal waste

Biomass= recently living

organisms

Fossil Fuels = partially

decomposed ancient

organisms

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Fossil Fuel Formation


3/22

Biomass

History

Wood was the major fuel sourceuntil the end of 19thcentury

Today developing countries use

wood for ~35% of total energy

supply

Early diesel engines were designed

and tested to run on peanut oil



4/22

Biomass

Bio Energy cycle



5/22

Biomass

Bio Energy cycle on local scale



6/22

Biomass

Biomass Resources



7/22

Biomass resources

Corn



8/22

Biomass Resources

Soyabean



9/22

Biomass Resources

Sorghum



10/22

Biomass Resources

Sugar cane



11/22

Biomass Resources

Switchgrass



12/22

Biomass Resources

Wood chips and sawdust



13/22

Biomass Resources

Solid waste



14/22

Creating Energy from Biomass

Bio Energy Conversion



15/22

Biogas

What is Biogas?


Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be

obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and

domestic and farm wastes, abundantly available in the

countryside.

Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural

areas in India

Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 %

carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces ofwater vapor.

Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3(4713 kcal/m3).


16/22

Biogas


Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot beliquefied under normal temperature and pressure.

Critical temperature required for liquefaction of methane is -82.1oC at 4.71MPa pressure, therefore use of biogas is limitednearby the biogas plant.

An estimate indicates that India has a potential of generating6.38 X 1010m3of biogas from 980 million tones of cattle dung

produced annually.

The heat value of this gas amounts to 1.3 X 1012 MJ. Inaddition, 350 million tones of manure would also producealong with biogas.


17/22

Biogas

Biogas Production Process


Biogas production process (Anaerobic digestion) is a

multiple-stage process in which some main stages are:

Chemical reactions involved in biogas production:C

6H

12O

6 3CO

2+ 3CH

4

CO2+ 4H

2> CH

4+ 2H

2O

CH3COOH > CH

4+ CO

2


18/22Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Out let

Pipe

In let

Pipe

Digester

Drum

FLOATING DRUM TYPE

BIOGAS PLANT

Gas

outletInlet

Outlet


19/22

Biogas

Bio gas Plant


Bi


20/22

Biogas

Bio gas construction


Bi


21/22

Biogas

Detailed Structure of biogas plant


Bi


22/22

Biogas

Contribution of Biogas plant

Yogesh Hiren Missam Mechanical LJ Polytechnic

Better and cheaper fuel for cooking, lighting and power

generation.

Produces good quality enriched manure to improve spoil

fertility.

Effective and convenient way for sanitary disposal of

human excreata, improving the hygienic conditions.

Generate social benefits - reducing burden on forest,

reduction in drudgery of women and children.

As a smokeless domestic fuel it reduces the incidence of

eye and lung diseases.

ch5 biomass

Documents