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TRANSCRIPT
The Impact of the Enlightenment
Chapter 17, Section 3
Architecture
New architectural style created
Balthasar Neumann- great architect of the 18th centuryChurch of the Fourteen Saints
The Residence
Fancy decoration
Light
Bright colors
Detail
Art
New artistic style- Rococo
Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
Pleasure, happiness, love
Upper class
Antoine Watteau
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Music
18th Century = greatest period in the history of European music!!!
Baroque musical styleBach- Mass in B Minor
Handel- Messiah
Classical musical styleHaydn- The Creation and The Seasons
Mozart- The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni
Literature
Growth of novels- middle class
Henry FieldingWrote novels about people with no morals who survive by their wits
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
Enlightened Absolutism
Philosophes believed that people should be governed by enlightened rulers
Religious toleration
Freedom of speech and press
Rights of private property
Nurture arts, sciences, and education
Enforce laws fairly
Enlightened Absolutism- rulers try to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers
Prussia- Fredrick the Great
One of the best educated and cultured monarchs
Well versed in the ideas of the Enlightenment
Invited Voltaire to live in his court
Seemed willing to make reformsAbolished use of torture (except for treason and murder)
Limited freedom of speech and press
Greater religious toleration
But he kept Prussia’s rigid social structure
Austria- Joseph IIMajor reforms!
Abolished serfdom
Eliminated death penalty
Equality before the law
Religious toleration
Thousands of decrees and laws
But he failedAlienated the nobles and Catholic Church
Serfs couldn’t make sense of the drastic changes
Gravestone: “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything he undertook.”
Russia- Catherine the Great
Intelligent, familiar with the works of the philosophes
Invited Diderot to Russia
Liked his theories but thought they were impractical
In the end she did nothing because she wanted to keep the support of the nobility
War of the Austrian Succession
Prussia invaded Austrian Silesia
France and Prussia vs. Austria and Great Britain
After seven years of fighting, everyone was tired
Treaty of Aix-la-ChapelleReturn of all occupied territories
Except Prussia refused to return Silesia to Austria
This led to another war…
The Seven Years War
Austria, France, and Russia vs. Prussia and Great Britain
Fought in three areasEurope- Prussia ended up controlling Silesia
India- controlled by Great Britain
North America- controlled by Great Britain
Great Britain = world’s greatest colonial power