ch13
DESCRIPTION
dddTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13
Chapter 13Systems Analysis and Design
Multiple Choice
1. Which phase of the SDLC are information needs identified?
a) preliminary investigation
b) systems analysis
c) systems design
d) systems development
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: The information problems or needs are identified in the preliminary phase of the SDLC.2. In this phase of the SDLC, new or alternative information systems are designed.
a) preliminary investigation
b) systems analysis
c) systems design
d) systems development
Answer: CDifficulty level: EasyPage: 358Response: New or alternative information systems are designed in the systems design stage of the SDLC.
3. In this phase of the SDLC, the new information systems are installed and adapted to the new system, and people are trained to use them.
a) preliminary implementation
b) systems analysis
c) systems design
d) systems development
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: In the systems implementation phase, the new information system is installed and adapted to the new system, and people are trained to use them.4. This phase of the SDLC is known as the ongoing phase where the system is periodically evaluated and updated as needed.
a) preliminary investigation
b) systems design
c) systems implementation
d) systems maintenance
Answer: DDifficulty level: EasyPage: 358Response: The systems maintenance phase is the ongoing phase of the SDLC.5. A recent survey by Money magazine determined that out of 100 widely-held jobs that they researched, the top job classification was a
a) network administrator
b) cryptographer
c) systems analyst
d) computer engineer
Answer: DDifficulty level: HardPage: 358Response: Money magazine determined that the top job classification was a computer engineer.6. Many organizations have determined that there is a __________ -year backlog of work for systems analysts.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: CDifficulty level: HardPage: 359Response: Organizations have determined that there is a three-year backlog of work for systems analysts.
7. The first step in preliminary analysis is to
a) purchase supplies
b) hire consultants
c) define the problem
d) propose changes
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 360Response: The first step in the preliminary analysis is to define the problem.8. In the preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC, which one of the following tasks would not be included?
a) briefly defining the problem
b) suggesting alternative solutions
c) gathering the data
d) preparing a short report
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 360Response: Gathering the data would not be included in the preliminary investigation phase.
9. In order to obtain financing for the analysis phase, the systems analyst must
a) prepare a preliminary investigation report
b) justify the expense of upgrading
c) consider abandoning the project
d) train users on the new system
Answer: A Difficulty level: MediumPage: 361Response: Management need a preliminary investigation report before deciding to finance the analysis phase.
10. The first step of the systems analysis phase of the SDLC is to
a) propose changes
b) analyze data
c) gather data
d) write system analysis report
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 362Response: The first step of the systems analysis phase involves gathering the data.
11. Which of the following shows levels of management and formal lines of authority?
a) organization chart
b) decision table
c) pyramid diagram
d) grid chart
Answer: ADifficulty level: EasyPage: 362Response: Organization chart describes the formal lines of authority.
12. A list of questions used in analysis is called a(n)
a) organization chart
b) interview guideline
c) grid table
d) checklist
Answer: DDifficulty level: EasyPage: 363Response: A checklist is a list of questions.
13. What type of analysis starts with the big picture and then breaks it down into smaller pieces?
a) financial
b) reverse
c) top-down
d) executive
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 363Response: Top-down analysis method is used to identify the top-level components of a complex system.
14. Which of the following is used to show the rules that apply to a decision when one or more conditions apply?
a) system flowchart
b) decision table
c) grid chart
d) checklist
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A decision table shows the decision rules that apply when certain conditions occur.
15. Which of the following tools shows the data or information flow within an information system?
a) grid chart
b) decision table
c) system flowchart
d) data flow diagram
Answer: D Difficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: Data flow diagrams show the data or information flow within an information system.
16. These software packages evaluate hardware and software alternatives according to requirements given by the systems analyst.
a) project management
b) automated design tools
c) spreadsheets
d) report generators
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: Automated design tools are software packages that evaluate hardware and software alternatives according to requirements given by the systems analyst.
17. Which of the following is not found on a data flow diagram?
a) entities
b) process
c) offline storage
d) file
Answer: CDifficulty level: HardPage: 365Response: Data flow diagrams show entities, processes, and file.
18. The final step of the systems analysis phase in the SDLC is to
a) gather data
b) write system analysis report
c) propose changes
d) analyze data
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: The final step of the systems analysis phase is to write the report.
19. Which of the following would not be described in the systems analysis report?
a) the current information system
b) the requirements for a new system
c) the development schedule
d) the training requirements for users
Answer: D Difficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: User requirements are not described in the systems analysis report.
20. Which of the following tasks is not part of the systems design phase?
a) designing alternative systems
b) selecting the best system
c) writing a systems design report
d) suggesting alternative solutions
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: Suggesting alternative solutions is part of the preliminary investigation phase.
21. The first task to complete in the design phase of the SDLC is to
a) design alternative systems
b) select the best design
c) examine hardware requirements
d) write a systems design report
Answer: ADifficulty level: HardPage: 366Response: The first task is to design alternative systems.
22. After designing alternative systems, the system analyst must
a) prepare a system design report
b) diagram the system
c) prepare a data flow diagram
d) select the best alternative
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: After designing alternative systems, the system analyst must select the best system.
23. The final task in the design phase of the SDLC is to
a) select the best design
b) design alternative systems
c) prepare a system design report
d) examine hardware requirements
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: The final task in the systems design phase is to write a systems design report.
24. A feasibility study is used to determine the proposed systems.
a) resource requirements
b) costs and benefits
c) availability of hardware and software
d) all of the above
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Feasibility study determines all of these things.25. Determining if employees, managers, and clients will resist a proposed new system is part of this feasibility study.
a) technical feasibility
b) economic feasibility
c) organizational feasibility
d) operational feasibility
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Operational feasibility is used to determine if the proposed new system will be accepted or rejected by employees, managers, or clients.
26. Determining whether expected cost savings and other benefits will exceed the cost of developing an alternative system is related to
a) technical feasibility
b) economic feasibility
c) organizational feasibility
d) operational feasibility
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Economic feasibility is used to determine if the expected benefits will exceed the costs.27. The first step of systems development is to purchase or custom design
a) software
b) a network
c) hardware
d) training materials
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: The first step is to either purchase the software or have it custom designed.
28. The final step of development is to
a) acquire software
b) acquire hardware
c) prepare a systems development report
d) test the system
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: After the hardware and software have been installed, the final step involves testing the system.
29. During which phase of the SDLC are users trained to use the new system?
a) preliminary investigation
b) systems implementation
c) systems development
d) systems maintenance
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: Users are trained on the new system during the implementation phase of the SDLC.
30. The first step in implementing a new system is to determine the
a) hardware requirements
b) software requirements
c) conversion type
d) best alternative
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: The first step is to determine the type of conversion to be used.
31. The __________ approach conversion type simply involves abandoning the old system and using the new.
a) direct
b) pilot
c) phased
d) parallel
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: In the direct approach, the conversion is done simply by abandoning the old and starting up the new.
32. The old and new systems run side by side for a period of time when using the __________ approach to implementation.
a) direct
b) parallel
c) phased
d) pilot
Answer: BDifficulty level: EasyPage: 370Response: In the parallel approach, old and new systems are operated side by side until the new one has proved to be reliable.
33. Although this conversion approach (__________) is considered low risk, keeping enough equipment and people active to manage two systems at the same time can be very expensive.
a) direct
b) parallel
c) phased
d) pilot
Answer: BDifficulty level: EasyPage: 370Response: Parallel is low-risk but expensive to run two systems at the same time.
34. Using the __________ approach, a new system is tested in one part of the organization before being implemented in others.
a) direct
b) phased
c) pilot
d) parallel
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: In the pilot approach, the new system is tried out in only one part of the organization.35. The __________ implementation approach is broken down into smaller parts that are implemented over time.
a) pilot
b) direct
c) parallel
d) phased
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: In the phased approach, the new system is implemented gradually over a period of time.
36. The implementation approach that is the least risky would be the
a) direct approach
b) parallel approach
c) phased approach
d) pilot approach
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The phased approach is the least risky approach.
37. This implementation approach (__________) is preferred when there are many people in an organization performing similar operations.
a) direct
b) parallel
c) phased
d) pilot
Answer: DDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The pilot approach is preferred when there are many people in an organization performing similar operations.
38. The final step of the implementation phase of the SDLC is to
a) train the users
b) develop documentation
c) select the conversion type
d) write the implementation report
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 371Response: Training the users is the last step in the implementation phase of the SDLC.39. Which of the following phases of the SDLC is considered as the ongoing process?
a) systems development
b) systems analysis
c) systems design
d) systems maintenance
Answer: D Difficulty level: MediumPage: 371Response: Systems maintenance is a very important, ongoing activity.40. The ongoing testing and analysis of an existing system is called system__________.
a) maintenance
b) implementation
c) design
d) analysis
Answer: ADifficulty level: EasyPage: 371Response: Ongoing testing and analysis of an existing system is called system maintenance.
41. During a systems audit, the system performance is compared to
a) similar systems
b) newer systems
c) the design specifications
d) competing systems
Answer: CDifficulty level: MediumPage: 372Response: In the systems audit, the systems performance is compared to the original design specifications.
42. A modifiable model built before the actual system is installed is called a(n)
a) sample
b) example
c) template
d) prototype
Answer: DDifficulty level: HardPage: 373Response: Prototyping means building a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed.
43. The process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service or system is called a
a) JAD
b) RAD
c) template
d) prototype
Answer: DDifficulty level: HardPage: 373Response: Prototyping means building a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed.
44. A modifiable model of a proposed product, system, or system is called a(n)
a) prototype
b) benchmark
c) factor
d) template
Answer: ADifficulty level: MediumPage: 373Response: Prototyping is a modifiable model.
45. RAD stands for
a) Redundant Array of Disks
b) Rapid Application Development
c) Remove and Destroy
d) Replication Applet Diagram
Answer: BDifficulty level: MediumPage: 373Response: RAD is an acronym for rapid applications development.True/False46. A systems analyst uses the six-phase systems lifecycle to improve and maintain information systems.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 358Response: Systems analysts use the six-phase SDLC model.
47. During the preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC, you first suggest alternatives and then define the problem.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: EasyPage: 359Response: During the preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC your problems or needs are identified.
48. The final step in the preliminary investigation is to create an organization chart.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 360Response: The final step is to prepare a short report to summarize the results of the preliminary investigation and to suggest alternative systems.49. Gathering data and information in the first step of systems analysis can be achieved through conducting interviews and doing observation.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 362Response: Data is obtained from observations and interviews.
50. An organization chart details the physical location and purpose of the servers on a network.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: EasyPage: 362Response: An organization chart shows levels of management and formal lines of authority.
51. Analyzing data can help pinpoint why a system doesnt work as expected.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 363Response: The idea behind analyzing data is to learn how information currently flows in an organization and to pinpoint why it isnt flowing appropriately.
52. A checklist is a tool used to organize and remember the questions to ask regarding current systems.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 363Response: A checklist is a list of questions.
53. Using the top-down analysis method means to start with the smallest part of the system and craft larger pieces.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 363Response: Top-down analysis is used to identify the top-level components of a complex system. Each component is broken down into smaller and smaller components.
54. A grid chart shows the relationship between input and output documents.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A grid chart shows the relationship between input and output documents.
55. A decision table shows the various rules that apply to a decision when certain conditions exist.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 364Response: A decision table shows the decision rules that apply when certain conditions occur.
56. A system flowchart shows the procedural path that data takes from department to department.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A system flowchart shows the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information.
57. A data flow diagram shows the path from input to processing to output.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: A data flow diagram shows the data or information flow within an information system.
58. CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: CASE is an acronym for Computer Aided Software Engineering tools.
59. Information problems or needs are discussed during the systems design phase of the SDLC.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: Problems or needs are discussed during the preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC.
60. Suggesting an alternative simply means to define some procedures that could be used instead of those that are currently in place.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 366Response: An alternative means to define some procedure that could be used instead of the one current in place.
61. The first step of the systems design phase of the SDLC is to select the best alternative.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: The first step is to design alternative systems.
62. In the design phase of the SDLC, alternative systems are analyzed for economic, physical, and operational feasibility.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Alternative systems are analyzed for economic, technical, and operational feasibility.
63. Technical feasibility refers to the availability of reliable hardware, software, and training to make the system work.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 367Response: Technical feasibility relates to the idea of having reliable hardware, software, and training available to make the system work.
64. In the systems design phase of the SDLC, the systems design report usually concludes by proposing one of the analyzed alternatives.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: The report usually concludes by recommending one of the alternatives.
65. Application software for new information systems always requires having it custom-designed to meet the needs of the organization.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: Application software can be purchased off-the-shelf and modified, or it can be custom-designed.
66. New or alternative systems are designed during the systems development phase of the SDLC.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: New or alternative systems are designed during the systems design stage.
67. Hardware and software are normally acquired during the implementation phase of the SDLC.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: Hardware and software are acquired during the development phase of the SDLC.
68. The final step of the development phase in the SDLC is to test the system.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: After the software and hardware have been installed, the final step is to test the system.69. Another name for the systems implementation phase of the SDLC is called execution.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: Another name is conversion.
70. Conversion as it relates to implementation is the process of converting from the old system to the new and training people to use the new system.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: Conversion is the process of going from the old system to the new system.
71. The direct approach to conversion is to simply replace the old system with the new one.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 369Response: Direct approach involves abandoning the old and starting up the new.
72. The direct approach to conversion is the least risky of the four conversion methods.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: The direct approach is the most risky of the four conversion methods.
73. The parallel approach to conversion involves running the new system and the old system side-by-side for a while.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 370Response: In the parallel approach, old and new systems are operated side-by-side until the new one has proved to be reliable.
74. The parallel approach to conversion is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The parallel approach is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.
75. In the pilot approach, the new system is immediately implemented throughout the organization.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: In the pilot approach, the new system is tried out in only one part of the organization.
76. The phased approach to conversion is considered one of the least risky approaches.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The phased approach is considered one of the least risky approaches.
77. The pilot approach to conversion is preferred when there are many people in an organization performing different operations.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The pilot approach is preferred when there are many people in an organization performing similar operations.
78. The phased approach to conversion is more appropriate for organizations in which people are performing different operations.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The phased approach is more appropriate for organizations in which people are performing different operations.79. If only the accounting department were on the new system, you are using the phased approach to conversion.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: You would be using a pilot approach to conversion.
80. The maintenance phase is an ongoing process.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: EasyPage: 371Response: The maintenance phase is an ongoing process for any system.
81. During a systems audit, the systems performance is compared to the original specifications.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 372Response: In the systems audit, the systems performance is compared to the original design specifications.82. RAD and prototyping are two alternative approaches to the traditional systems development life cycle mode.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 372Response: RAD and prototyping are two alternatives to the SDLC model.
83. A changeable model is called a prototype.
Answer: TrueDifficulty level: MediumPage: 373Response: A changeable model is called a prototype.
84. When developing a new system, RAD is usually considered as an inexpensive alternative to the traditional SDLC steps.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: HardPage: 373Response: RAD is expensive as it requires the use of powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly trained personnel.
85. The final step of systems analysis is to prepare a preliminary investigation report.
Answer: FalseDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: The final step is to prepare a systems analysis report.
Fill-In-The-Blank
86. This individual (__________) makes extensive use of the six-phase systems development lifecycle model.
Answer: systems analystDifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: Systems analysts make extensive use of this model.
87. The phase in the SDLC in which the current system is studied is called the __________ phase.
Answer: systems analysisDifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: The present system is studied in depth in the systems analysis stage of the SDLC.
88. In this phase of the SDLC (__________), new hardware and software are acquired, developed and tested.
Answer: systems developmentDifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: New hardware and software are acquired, developed, and tested in the systems development stage.
89. These computer professionals (__________) use the SDLC model to study an organizations systems to determine what actions to take and how to use computer technology to assist them.
Answer: systems analystsDifficulty level: MediumPage: 358Response: Systems analysts use the six-phase SDLC.
90. The first step in a preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC is to define the __________ in the current system.
Answer: problemsDifficulty level: MediumPage: 359Response: In the preliminary investigation phase, the problem must be identified.
91. An important aspect of the preliminary investigation phase in the SDLC is to suggest __________ systems.
Answer: alternativeDifficulty level: MediumPage: 359Response: An important aspect of the preliminary investigation phase is to suggest alternatives.
92. The final step in the preliminary investigation phase of the SDLC is to prepare a(n) __________.
Answer: reportDifficulty level: MediumPage: 359Response: The final step is to prepare a report.93. The second step of preliminary design is to propose __________ systems.
Answer: alternativeDifficulty level: MediumPage: 361Response: The second step of the preliminary design phase is to suggest alternative systems.
94. A(n) __________ chart displays the hierarchical relationship of employees and managers.
Answer: organizationDifficulty level: EasyPage: 362Response: An organization chart shows levels of management and formal lines of authority.
95. A(n) __________ is used to remember questions to ask during analysis.
Answer: checklistDifficulty level: MediumPage: 363Response: A checklist is a list of questions.
96. The __________ analysis method starts with large pieces of the system and then breaks these up to make analysis easier.
Answer: top-downDifficulty level: MediumPage: 363Response: A top-down analysis method is used to identify the top-level components of a complex system.
97. A(n) __________ shows the relationship between input and output documents.
Answer: grid chartDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A grid chart shows the relationship between input and output documents.
98. This tool (__________) is used to show the flow of input to processing and then to output, or distribution of the information.
Answer: system flowchartDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: System flowcharts show the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information.
99. A(n) __________ table shows the various rules that apply to a decision when certain conditions exist.
Answer: decisionDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A decision table shows the decision rules that apply when certain conditions exist.
100. A system flowchart follows the data from input to __________ to output.
Answer: processingDifficulty level: MediumPage: 364Response: A system flowchart shows the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information.
101. A(n) __________ flow diagram follows the information flow within an information system.
Answer: dataDifficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: Data flow diagrams show the data or information flow within an information system.
102. To assist in developing clear documentation, a system analyst may use a(n) __________ tool.
Answer: CASEDifficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: CASE tools are used in system design development.
103. These tools (__________) are used for systems analysis and are also used for systems development.
Answer: CASE Difficulty level: MediumPage: 365Response: CASE tools are used for analysis and development.
104. This phase of the SDLC (__________) would describe a proposed development schedule.
Answer: systems analysisDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: Possible development schedules are described in the systems analysis phase.105. A new or alternative information system is designed in this phase of the SDLC __________.
Answer: systems designDifficulty level: MediumPage: 366Response: In the systems design phase, a new or alternative information system is designed.
106. Determining how well a proposed system can actually operate in an organization is called __________ feasibility.
Answer: operationalDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Operational feasibility is used to determine if the proposed system can actually be made to operate in the organization.
107. Determining whether reliable hardware and software required by a proposed system is available is related to __________ feasibility.
Answer: technicalDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Technical feasibility determines if reliable hardware and software are available.
108. The costs and financial benefits of a system alternative are called the __________ feasibility.
Answer: economicDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Costs and financial benefits of a system alternative are called economic feasibility.
109. The availability of reliable software, hardware, and training is the key to __________ feasibility.
Answer: technicalDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: Technical feasibility is the availability of reliable software, hardware and training.
110. A system that is cost-efficient and technically sound, but is nearly impossible to use, is said to lack __________ feasibility.
Answer: operationalDifficulty level: MediumPage: 367Response: A system that is cost-efficient and technically sound, but is nearly impossible to use, is said to lack operational feasibility.
111. Sometimes, the second step of systems development involves acquiring __________, if it is required.
Answer: hardwareDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: Some new systems may not require new computer equipment, but others will.
112. In this phase of the SDLC (__________) the required hardware is acquired.
Answer: systems developmentDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: Acquiring hardware is undertaken in the systems development phase.
113. The first step of the development phase of the SDLC is to purchase or custom design __________.
Answer: softwareDifficulty level: EasyPage: 368Response: Software must be purchased (off the shelf) or custom designed.
114. The second step in the development phase involves purchasing __________, if it is required.
Answer: hardwareDifficulty level: MediumPage: 368Response: Hardware sometimes must be purchased during this phase.
115. Determining the best method of conversion is one of the tasks undertaken during this step of the SDLC __________.
Answer: systems implementationDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: Best method of conversion is undertaken during the systems implementation phase.
116. This conversion approach (__________) is considered to be the most risky.
Answer: directDifficulty level: MediumPage: 369Response: The direct approach is considered the most risky.
117. This conversion approach (__________) is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.
Answer: parallelDifficulty level: EasyPage: 370Response: Parallel approach is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.118. The __________ approach to conversion involves running the new system and the old system side-by-side for a while.
Answer: parallelDifficulty level: EasyPage: 370Response: In the parallel approach two systems are run at the same time.
119. In this implementation approach (__________), once the system is working smoothly in one part, it is implemented throughout the rest of the organization.
Answer: pilotDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: In the pilot approach the new system is tried out in one part of the organization until it is determined to be working properly before implemented elsewhere.
120. This implementation approach (__________) is more appropriate for organizations in which people are performing different operations.
Answer: phasedDifficulty level: MediumPage: 370Response: The phased approach is more appropriate for organizations in which people are performing different operations.
121. Most organizations spend more time and money on this phase than any of the other phases of the SDLC __________.
Answer: systems maintenanceDifficulty level: MediumPage: 371Response: More time and money is spent on the systems maintenance phase.
122. Maintenance is a(n) __________ process.
Answer: ongoingDifficulty level: MediumPage: 371Response: Maintenance is an ongoing process it never stops.
123. During a systems __________, the systems performance is compared to the design specifications.
Answer: auditDifficulty level: MediumPage: 372Response: In the systems audit, the systems performance is compared to the original design specifications.
124. __________ means to build a changeable model to test.
Answer: PrototypingDifficulty level: MediumPage: 373Response: Prototyping means to build a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed.
125. __________ requires powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly-trained personnel.
Answer: RADDifficulty level: MediumPage: 373Response: RAD requires powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly-trained personnel.
Essay
126. Name the six phases of system analysis and design.
Answer: The six stages of systems analysis and design are: preliminary investigation, systems analysis, systems design, systems development, systems implementation, and systems maintenance. Difficulty level: HardPage: 358127. Name five common analysis tools.
Answer: Checklist, top-down analysis, grid chart, decision table, system flowchart, data flow diagram, automated design (CASE) tools.Difficulty level: MediumPage: 363128. What is the purpose of the analysis phase of system development process?
Answer: The purpose of the analysis phase is to collect data about the current system in order to determine requirements for an alternative system.Difficulty level: MediumPage: 366129. What factors need to be considered when deciding on the best system design?
Answer: When looking at alternative systems, the key is feasibility. Economic, technical, and operational feasibility are all taken into account. Difficulty level: MediumPage: 367130. What are the two different ways of acquiring software?
Answer: Software can either be purchased off-the-shelf or can be written especially for the new system.Difficulty level: EasyPage: 368131. What is the implementation phase?
Answer: The implementation phase is when the new system is actually installed and the users are trained.Difficulty level: MediumPage: 369132. Briefly describe the four approaches to conversion.
Answer: The four approaches to conversion are: direct (out with the old), parallel (old and new running side-by-side), pilot (converting part of an organization first), and phased (introducing the new system gradually). Difficulty level: MediumPage: 369, 370133. Name the two parts of the maintenance phase.
Answer: The two parts of the maintenance phase are: systems audit and periodic evaluations.Difficulty level: MediumPage: 371134. What is prototyping?
Answer: Prototyping is the practice of skipping the six-phase life cycle and jumping directly to designing and testing on the fly. A workable model is built and then tested by the user. Modifications are made until the system is deemed ready to implement. Difficulty level: MediumPage: 373135. What is RAD?
Answer: RAD stands for Rapid Application Development. This procedure replaces the traditional six-phase cycle with the rather expensive replacement of specialized teams of highly-trained professionals using the best equipment possible. This method cuts down the development time tremendously and usually results in higher-quality systems.Difficulty level: HardPage: 373