ch06_managing data resources
DESCRIPTION
Data resourcesTRANSCRIPT
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7.1 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Managing DataManaging Data
ResourcesResources
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7.2 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
File Organization erms an! "once#tsFile Organization erms an! "once#ts
$it%Smallest unit o& !ata' (inar) !igit *+,1
$)te%-rou# o& (its that re#resents a single character
Fiel!%-rou# o& or!s or a com#lete num(er
Recor!%-rou# o& relate! &iel!s
File%-rou# o& recor!s o& same t)#e
OR-/0II0- D// I0 / R/DIIO0/L
FIL 03IRO0M0
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7.4 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Data(ase%-rou# o& relate! &iles
ntit)%5erson, #lace, thing, e6ent a(out hich
in&ormation is maintaine!
/ttri(ute%Descri#tion o& a #articular entit)
e) &iel!%I!enti&ier &iel! use! to retrie6e, u#!ate,
sort a recor!
OR-/0II0- D// I0 / R/DIIO0/L
FIL 03IRO0M0
File Organization erms an! "once#ts *"ontinue!File Organization erms an! "once#ts *"ontinue!
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7.8 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
he Data 9ierarch)
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7.: @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
ntities an! /ttri(utes
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7.; @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Data Re!un!anc) an! Inconsistenc)%
Data re!un!anc)% he #resence o& !u#licate !atain multi#le !ata &iles so that the same !ata arestore! in more than one #lace or location
Data inconsistenc)% he same attri(ute ma) ha6e!i&&erent 6alues.
5ro(lems ith the ra!itional File
n6ironment
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7/387.7 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
he cou#ling o& !ata store! in &iles an! the
s#eci&ic #rograms retensi6e #rogramminge&&orts, (ut it cannot !eli6er a!?hoc re#orts orres#on! to unantici#ate! in&ormation
re
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$ecause there is little control or management o& !ata,
management ill ha6e no =nole!ge o& ho is
accessing or e6en ma=ing changes to theorganizationAs !ata.
Lac= o& !ata sharing an! a6aila(ilit)%
In&ormation cannot &lo &reel) across !i&&erent
&unctional areas or !i&&erent #arts o& the organization.
Bsers &in! !i&&erent 6alues o& the same #iece o&
in&ormation in to !i&&erent s)stems, an! hence the)
ma) not use these s)stems (ecause the) cannot trust
the accurac) o& the !ata.
5ro(lems ith the ra!itional File
n6ironment *"ontinue!
5oor securit)%
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9/387.C @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
So&tare &or creating an! maintaining !ata(ases
5ermits &irms to rationall) manage !ata &or theentire &irm
/cts as inter&ace (eteen a##lication #rogramsan! #h)sical !ata &iles
Se#arates logical an! !esign 6ies o& !ata
Sol6es man) #ro(lems o& the tra!itional !ata &ilea##roach
Data(ase Management S)stem *D$MS
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"om#onents o& D$MS%
Data !e&inition language%S#eci&ies content an!
structure o& !ata(ase an! !e&ines each !ata
element
Data mani#ulation language%Bse! to #rocess
!ata in a !ata(ase
Data !ictionar)%Stores !e&initions o& !ata
elements an! !ata characteristics
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Sam#le Data Dictionar) Re#ort
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)#es o& Data(ases%
Relational D$MS
9ierarchical an! netor= D$MS
O(ect?oriente! !ata(ases
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Relational D$MS%
Re#resents !ata as to?!imensional ta(les calle!relations
Relates !ata across ta(les (ase! on common!ata element
>am#les% D$2, Oracle, MS SEL Ser6er
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he Relational Data Mo!el
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16/387.1; @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
hree $asic O#erations in a Relational Data(ase%
Select%"reates su(set o& ros that meet s#eci&ic
criteria
Join%"om(ines relational ta(les to #ro6i!e users
ith in&ormation
5roect%na(les users to create ne ta(les
containing onl) rele6ant in&ormation
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17/387.17 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
he hree $asic O#erations o& a Relational D$MS
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18/387.1 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS
Organizes !ata in a tree?li=e structure
Su##orts one?to?man) #arent?chil! relationshi#s
5re6alent in large legac) s)stems
9ierarchical D$MS%
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19/387.1C @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
/ 9ierarchical Data(ase &or a 9uman Resources S)stem
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7.2+ @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS
De#icts !ata logicall) as man)?to?man)
relationshi#s
0etor= D$MS%
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7.21 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
he 0etor= Data Mo!el
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7.22 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS9ierarchical an! 0etor= D$MS
Out!ate!
Less &le>i(le com#are! to RD$MS
Lac= su##ort &or a!?hoc an! nglish language?
li=e
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7.24 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
O(ect?oriente! D$MS%Stores !ata an!
#roce!ures as o(ects that can (e retrie6e! an!
share! automaticall)
O(ect?relational D$MS%5ro6i!es ca#a(ilities o&(oth o(ect?oriente! an! relational D$MS
O(ect?Oriente! Data(ases%
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7.28 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
"once#tual !esign%/(stract mo!el o& !ata(ase
&rom a (usiness #ers#ecti6e
5h)sical !esign%Detaile! !escri#tion o& (usiness
in&ormation nee!s
Designing Data(ases%
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7.2: @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
ntit)?relationshi# !iagram%Metho!olog) &or
!ocumenting !ata(ases illustrating relationshi#s(eteen !ata(ase entities
0ormalization%5rocess o& creating small sta(le
!ata structures &rom com#le> grou#s o& !ata
Designing Data(ases% *"ontinue!
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7.2; @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
/n Bnnormalize! Relation &or ORDR
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7.27 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
0ormalize! a(les "reate! &rom ORDR
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7.2 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
/n ntit)?Relationshi# Diagram
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7.2C @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Online /nal)tical 5rocessing *OL/5%
Multi!imensional !ata anal)sis
Su##orts mani#ulation an! anal)sis o& large
6olumes o& !ata &rom multi#le!imensions#ers#ecti6es
Multi!imensional Data /nal)sisMulti!imensional Data /nal)sis
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7.4+ @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Multi!imensional Data Mo!el
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7.41 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Data arehouse%
Su##orts re#orting an!
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7.42 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
"om#onents o& a Data Garehouse
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7.44 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Data mart%
Su(set o& !ata arehouse
"ontains summarize! or highl) &ocuse! #ortiono& !ata &or a s#eci&ie! &unction or grou# o& users
Data mining%
ools &or anal)zing large #ools o& !ata
Fin! hi!!en #atterns an! in&er rules to #re!icttren!s
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7.48 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
$ene&its o& Data Garehouses%
Im#ro6e! an! eas) accessi(ilit) to in&ormation
/(ilit) to mo!el an! remo!el the !ata
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7.4: @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Data(ase ser6er%
"om#uter in a clientser6er en6ironment runs a
D$MS to #rocess SEL statements an! #er&orm
!ata(ase management tas=s.
/##lication ser6er% So&tare han!ling all a##lication o#erations
Data(ases an! the Ge(
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7.4; @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Lin=ing Internal Data(ases to the Ge(
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7.47 @ Lalit Sharma, JIM
Management O##ortunities%
$usiness &irms ha6e e>ce#tional o##ortunities to$usiness &irms ha6e e>ce#tional o##ortunities to
e>#loit mo!ern relational !ata(ase technologies toe>#loit mo!ern relational !ata(ase technologies to
im#ro6e !ecision ma=ing, an! to increase theim#ro6e !ecision ma=ing, an! to increase the
e&&icienc) o& their (usiness #rocesses.e&&icienc) o& their (usiness #rocesses.
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Management "hallenges%
Organizational o(stacles to a !ata(ase en6ironment
0ee! &or coo#eration in !e6elo#ing cor#orate?i!e
!ata a!ministration
"ost(ene&it consi!erations
$ringing a(out signi&icant change in the !ata(aseen6ironment o& a &irm can (e 6er) e>#ensi6e an!
time consuming.