ch03 research process

8/9/2019 Ch03 Research Process

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Business Research

Methods

Chapter 03

Research Process


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Research

Process


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Research task: a sequential processinvolving several clearly defnedsteps.


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Exhibit 3.1: ResearchProcess


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The Management

ResearchQuestion

Hierarchy


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A useul way to approach theresearch process is to state the basicdilemma that prompts the researchand then try to develop otherquestions by progressively breakingdown the original question into more

specifc ones. See exhibit .!


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Management Question

"anagement dilemma management question.

"anagement question states thedilemma in question orm: #hat should be done to reduce

employee turnover$

#hat should be done to increase tenantresidency and reduce move%outs$

#hat should be done to reduce costs$


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Management QuestionCategories

&ategories:

&hoice o purposes or ob'ectives: e.g.What goals do we want to achieve?

(eneration and evaluation o solutions:e.g. how can we achieve the goals?

)roubleshooting or control situation: e.g.

how well is our solution meeting itsgoals?


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The Nature o theManagement Question

)o subdivide a broadly statedmanagement question.

)o look or the underlying causes othe management dilemma.

*.g.


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Ex!"oration

An exploration typically begins with a

search o !ub"ishe# #ata.

An unstructured exploration allowsthe researcher to develop and revisethe management question anddetermine what is needed to secure

answers to the proposed question.


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The Research Question

+nce the researcher has a clearstatement o the management$uestion, she and the manager must

trans"ate it into a research$uestion.

A research $uestionis the

hy!othesiso choice that best statesthe ob'ective o the research study.

*.g.


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%ine&tuning the ResearchQuestion

)he refned%research questions will

-ave better ocus

"ove the research orward: more clarity

n addition to fne%tuning the originalquestion, other research question%related activities should beaddressed to enhance the directiono the pro'ect:


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'n(estigati(e Questions

nvestigative questions: are questionsthe researcher must answer tosatisactorily arrive at a conclusion

about the research question. )o ormulate investigative questions,

the researcher breaks a general

research question into more specifcquestions about which to gather data.

*.g.


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Measurement Questions

Measurement $uestionsare thequestions we actually ask therespondents.

)hey appear on the questionnaire.


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Research Process

'ssues


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The %a(ore#&Techni$ue)yn#rome

Some researchers are method%bound.

/ersons knowledgeable about andskilled in some techniques but not inothers are too oten blinded by theirspecial competencies.


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Com!any atabase)tri!&Mining

)he existence o a pool oinormation or a database candistract a manager, seemingly

reducing the need or other search.


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+nsearchab"e Questions

)o be searchable, a question must beone or which observation or otherdata collection can provide the

answer.


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'""&e,ne# ManagementProb"ems

"ethods do not presently exist.

0on1t have necessary data to solvethem.


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Po"itica""y Moti(ate#Research

A research study may not really bedesirable but is authori2ed anyway.


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esigning the

)tu#y


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)he research design is the blueprintor ulflling ob'ectives 3 answeringquestions.

Selecting a design may becomplicated by the availability o alarge variety o methods, techniques,

procedures, protocols, and samplingplan.


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)am!"ing esign


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A sample is a part o the targetpopulation, careully selected torepresent that population.

/robability v.s. non%probabilityapproach.


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Resource -""ocation an#u#gets


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#ithout budgetary approval, manyresearch e4orts are terminated orlack o resources.


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/a"uing Research'normation


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)he value o applied research is notdi5cult to determine.

n a business situation, the researchshould produce added revenues orreduce expenses in much the sameway as any other investment o

resources.


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The Research

Pro!osa"


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Research Question

Propose Research

Budget & value Assessment

Obtain budget &

Design Approval

Execute Research

Design

Issue Request or

Proposal

Approved

!anagementDecision "ithout

Research

#alue $ cost

Proposing Research

%ost $ #alue

Revise question


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Pro!osa" Content

*very proposal should include twobasic sections:

Statement o the research question

6rie description o researchmethodology


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Pi"ot Testing


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A pilot test is conducted to detectweakness in design andinstrumentation and to provide proxy

data or selection o a probabilitysample.

/retesting may be repeated several

times to refne questions,instruments, or procedures.


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ata Co""ection


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7uestionnaires, standardi2ed tests,observational orms, laboratorynotes, and instrument calibration

logs are among the devices used torecord raw data.


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-na"ysis an#'nter!retation


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0ata analysis reduces accumulateddata to a manageable si2e, developingsummaries, looking or pattern and

applying statistical techniques. Researchers must interpret these

fndings in light o the client1s

research question or determine i theresults are consistent with theirhypotheses and theories.


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Re!orting the

Resu"ts


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A research report should contain theollowing:

An executive summary consisting o asynopsis o the problem, fndings, and

recommendation. An overview o the research: the problem1s

background, literature summary, methods,and procedures, and conclusions.

A section on implementation strategies orthe recommendations.

A technical appendix with all materials

necessary to replicate the pro'ect.


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En#


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Nature o the management$uestions

"anagement 0ilemma:

/rofts have stagnated in recent years.

"anagement question:

-ow can we improve our proft picture$ )he management question is too broad.

Ater the discussion with the &*+, theresearcher refnes the management

questions into ! specifc subquestions: -ow can we increase deposits$

-ow can we reduce costs$


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Management QuestionResearch Question

"anagementquestion:

-ow can we reduce

costs$

Researchquestions:

Should we reduce

the number osuppliers$

Should we reducethe number oversions or ourproducts$


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*xamine the concepts 3 constructs to beused. Are operational defnitions appropriate$

6reaks research questions !nd8 rdlevelquestions.

hypotheses are used, be certain they meetthe quality tests.

0etermine what evidence must be collectedto answer the various questions 3hypotheses.

Set the scope o the study by stating what isnot a part o the research question.


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'n(estigati(e Questions

#hat is the public1sposition regardingfnancial services andtheir use$

#hat specifc fnancialservices are used$

-ow attractive arevarious services$

#hat bank%specifc

and environmentactors in9uence aperson1s use o aparticular service$

#hat is the bank1scompetitive position$ #hat are the

geographic patterns

o our customers ando our competitors1customers$

#hat demographicdi4erences are

revealed among ourcustomers and thoseo our competitors$

ch03 research process

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