Exploring Tasks, Roles, and Tools

Exploring Tasks, Roles, and ToolsThis ChapterDiscovering common tasksIdentifying enterprise architecture rolesInvestigating enterprise architecture frameworksIdentifying data requirementsClassifications of data used by the organization. Determines the appropriate security measures.Location of the data, such as on desktop computers, on servers, or in databases. Iidentifies redundancy.Users of the data, including employees, customers, partners, or the general public. Aids in defining security controls and mechanisms for availability and access management.Defining technical standardsWorkstation and server configurations, including fair use and storage limitation policies.Approved software, from operating systems to business productivity suites, including malware defense policies.Network hardware components, such as routers and switches, together with remote access and mobile access policies.Application development methodologies, including policies for documentation and code review.Networking and communication protocols, in addition to VPN (virtual private network) and RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) policies.Knowing the Roles of EnterpriseArchitectureChief architectLead architectTechnology architectSoftware or application architectBusiness architectData architectChief architectIdentifying and analyzing risk factors, such as the potential of exposing protected data or creating security vulnerabilities during transition from one solution to anotherActing as the final arbitrator in solution negotiation for conflicts that arise from changesProviding leadershipLead architectLeading implementation teamsEstablishing operational standardsCoordinating change managementTechnology architectNetwork components, including routers, switches, and firewallsEnterprise software solutions, including e-mail, messaging, and content managementComputing platforms and operating systemsIntegration of dissimilar technological components into a single functioning architecture, such as servers with different operating systems or a mixture of open source and commercial enterprise applicationsSoftware or application architectDetermining the software development process to useCreating application deployment strategiesIntegrating applicationsProviding data resource management and coordination between software development and resources managed by the data architect roleSpecifying requirements for reusable componentsBusiness architectIdentifying the need for a customer relationship management (CRM) solution and determining its appropriate useDeciding whether to extend the organizations intranet to business partners, thereby creating an extranetIdentifying the need for a network solution to replace standalone machinesData architectAnalyzing the organizations data requirements and designing appropriate data repositories (as in data modeling)Creating and maintaining data dictionariesDefining and designing the flow of data internally (between applications) and externally (to and from a customer or partner)Planning data migrationsProviding guidance to database administratorsThe Right Tool for the Right JobIT governanceEnterprise architecture frameworksProject managementIT governanceCommunication among the following organizational roles, with regard to information technology:Strategic (chief officers, vice presidents, directors)Operational (managers, team leaders, partner representatives)Infrastructure (technology implementers, training staff)Technological decisions in alignment with business requirementsMitigation of IT risksProper management of technological resourcesIT performance measurementCOBITControl Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) Highly detailed governance model developed by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and managed by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI). COBIT defines control objectives (high-level requirements) for 34 processes to assist with managing and controlling information in order to support business objectives. Provides guidance on using metrics to determine a maturity model for your organizations IT processesCobit FrameworkPlan and Organise (PO)Provides direction to solution delivery (AI) and service delivery (DS)Acquire and Implement (AI)Provides the solutions and passes them to be turned into servicesDeliver and Support (DS)Receives the solutions and makes them usable for end usersMonitor and Evaluate (ME)Monitors all processes to ensure that the direction provided is followed

ITILInformation Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)Developed by the Office of Government Commerce (United Kingdom) A framework of best practices covering IT services and operations management. Requires strong management support and commitment, and it may take three to five years to implement fully. Visit www.itil-officialsite.com.ITIL Framework

ISO/IEC 38500:2008A standard for IT governancePublished by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2008 This high-level standard provides guidance to management on the role of the governing body and the use of information technology in the organization. Applicable to public, private, and not-for-profit corporations, as well as government entities, regardless of size. Visit www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51639

Enterprise architecture frameworksZachman FrameworkTOGAFFEAFGartner Enterprise Architecture Framework

Zachman FrameworkThe Zachman Framework is a high-level model developed by the Zachman Institute. Contains no methodology or processes; Focuses on views, definitions, relationships, and objects, both physical (such as equipment or facilities) and conceptual (such as a business unit or an enterprise). Who, what, how, when, where, and why as they apply to concepts such as scope, business processes, requirements, solutions development, and deployment. The Zachman Framework is an excellent starting point for mapping out architecture processes and for identifying gaps. visit www.zachmaninternational.com.

TOGAFThe Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Developed by the Open Group, a platform-neutral, vendor-neutral consortium whose members include vendors, colleges and universities, and technology companies. TOGAF consists of a methodology as well as a modeling system and is compatible with other enterprise architecture frameworks. Its architecture development method begins with analysis and ends with an implemented enterprise architecture. Visit www.opengroup.org/togaf.TOGAFTechnical Reference Model

TOGAFArchitectural Development Model

FEAFThe Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)Designed for federal agencies. FEAF includes comprehensive modeling and methodology components that are designed to work in highly complex environments. Its modeling components focus on business; IT system components, technologies, and standards; data; and performance. Its methodology includes analysis, definition, funding, and project management. The FEAF may not be useful to private sector companies unless they do business with the federal government. Visit The Chief Information Officers Council Web site at www.cio.gov/library_category2.cfm/structure/Enterprise%20Architecture/category/Enterprise%20ArchitectureGartner Enterprise Architecture FrameworkDeveloped by Gartner Research, a well-known IT research and consulting organizationFramework to work with both commercial and open source environments. The framework provides a model for examination of business, information, and technology requirements and concerns in the overlapping context of both enterprise architecture and business. While it may not have as many reference guides as some other frameworks, its supported by a large body of ongoing research. Visit www.gartner.com.Gartner provides research and advising as a commercial, fee-based service. It has proven to be an excellent resource for medium to large enterprises.Project managementInitiationPlanningImplementationMonitoringCompletionProject management methodologyProject Management Institutes (PMI) Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)The United Kingdoms Office of Government Commerces (OGC)PRojects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) Project Management Body of Knowledge

Project Management Framework