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مدريTRANSCRIPT
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Systems Analysis and Design With UML Systems Analysis and Design With UML 2.02.0
An Object-Oriented Approach, Second EditionAn Object-Oriented Approach, Second Edition
Chapter 1: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden© 2005John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Copyright © 2005John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for redistribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
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INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
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Key Ideas
Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization.The primarily goal is to create value for the organization.
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Key Ideas
The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas.It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.
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THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
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Major Attributes of the Lifecycle
The projectMoves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputsProduces project deliverablesUses deliverables in implementationResults in actual information systemUses gradual refinement
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Project Phases
PlanningWhy build the system?
AnalysisWho, what, when, where will the system be?
DesignHow will the system work?
ImplementationSystem delivery
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A “Simple” Process for Making Lunch
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Identifying business valueAnalyze feasibilityDevelop work planStaff the projectControl and direct project
Planning
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AnalysisInformation gatheringProcess modelingData modeling
Analysis
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Physical designArchitectural designInterface designDatabase and file designProgram design
Design
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ConstructionInstallation
Implementation
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Processes and Deliverables
Process Product
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Project Plan
System Proposal
System Specification
New System and Maintenance
Plan
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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Methodologies
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What Is a Methodology?
A formalized approach or series of stepsWriting code without a well-thought-out system request may work for small programs, but rarely works for large ones.
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Structured Design
Projects move methodically from one to the next stepGenerally, a step is finished before the next one begins
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Waterfall Development Method
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Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Method
Pros Cons
Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins
Design must be specified on paper before programming begins
Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system
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Parallel Development
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Alternatives to the SDLC
Rapid Application Development (RAD)Phased DevelopmentPrototypingThrow-Away Prototyping
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Rapid Application Development
Critical elementsCASE toolsJAD sessionsFourth generation/visualization programming languagesCode generators
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Rapid Application Development Categories
Phased developmentA series of versions
PrototypingSystem prototyping
Throw-away prototypingDesign prototyping
Agile DevelopmentExtreme Development
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How Prototyping Works
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Throwaway Prototyping
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Selecting the Appropriate Methodology
Clarity of User RequirementsFamiliarity with TechnologySystem ComplexitySystem ReliabilityShort Time SchedulesSchedule Visibility
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Criteria for Selecting a Methodology
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Project Team Roles and Skills
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Information Systems Roles
Business analystSystem analystInfrastructure analystChange management analystProject manager
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Project Team Roles
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Summary -- Part 1
The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and ImplementationThe major development methodologies:
Structured design the waterfall method Parallel development
RAD development Prototyping (regular and throwaway)
Agile development XP streamline SDLC
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Summary -- Part 2
There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.