ch. 9 - 2 mary ellen guffey, business english, 8e verbs: tenses and parts objectives write verbs in...
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Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 2
Verbs: Tenses and Parts
Objectives• Write verbs in the present, past,
and future tenses correctly. • Recognize and use present and
past participles.• Write the correct forms of sixty
irregular verbs.• Supply correct verb forms in the
progressive and perfect tenses.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 3
1. Present-tense verbs express current or habitual action.
Leo works in the Marketing Department.
2. Past-tense verbs show completed action.
Yesterday he worked late.
3. Future-tense verbs show action that is expected to occur at a later time.
He will work on that project next week.
Primary Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 4
• Be sure to use present-tense verbs to express “timeless” facts, even if the verbs occur with other past-tense verbs.
What is the name of the person who called me yesterday?
(NOT was.)
Primary Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 5
• Be sure that third-person singular verbs end in s.
He sends many e-mail messages.
(NOT send.)
Taylor works until 9 p.m.
(NOT work.)
Primary Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 6
Primary Tenses
• Do not use the present-tense verb goes for the past-tense verb said.
She said, “I’ll come right over,” and he said, “Great!”
(NOT she goes and he goes.)
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 7
• To be able to use irregular verbs correctly, you must also be able to recognize present and past participles.
Participles
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 8
• The present participle of a regular verb is formed by adding ing to the present part of the verb. When used in a sentence, the present participle is always preceded by some form of the helping verb be (is, am, are, was, were, been).
The contract is lying on the desk.
We are analyzing both proposals.
Participles
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 9
Participles
• The past participle of a regular verb is usually formed by adding a d or t sound to the present part of the verb.
• Past-participle verb phrases include has, had, or have and sometimes their auxiliaries could, would, and should.
She has worked for many businesses.
We have built a home in West Gate.
Lee should have asked for a raise.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 10
Past Tense of Regular Verbs
• Regular verbs form the past tense with the addition of d, ed, or change of terminal d to t.
Present Form Add Past Form
work +ed worked believe +d believed
build d > t built
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 11
Past Tense of Irregular Verbs
• Irregular verbs, however, form the past tense (and past participle) in a variety of ways.
• Master the list of irregular verbs shown in your text by practicing with the following pattern:Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 12
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 13
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 14
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I choose.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 15
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I choose.
Past tense: Yesterday I chose.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 16
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I choose.
Past tense: Yesterday I chose.
Past participle: In the past I have chosen.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 17
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I choose.
Past tense: Yesterday I chose.
Past participle: In the past I have chosen.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 18
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 19
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I drink.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 20
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I drink.
Past tense: Yesterday I drank.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 21
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I drink.
Past tense: Yesterday I drank.
Past participle: In the past I have drunk.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 22
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I drink.
Past tense: Yesterday I drank.
Past participle: In the past I have drunk.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 23
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 24
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I freeze.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 25
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I freeze.
Past tense: Yesterday I froze.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 26
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I freeze.
Past tense: Yesterday I froze.
Past participle: In the past I have frozen.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 27
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I freeze.
Past tense: Yesterday I froze.
Past participle: In the past I have frozen.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 28
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I _____.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 29
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I swim.
Past tense: Yesterday I _____.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 30
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I swim.
Past tense: Yesterday I swam.
Past participle: In the past I have _____.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 31
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I swim.
Past tense: Yesterday I swam.
Past participle: In the past I have swum.
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 32
Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs
• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim
Present tense: Today I swim.
Past tense: Yesterday I swam.
Past participle: In the past I have swum.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 33
Frequently Misused Irregular Verbs
Lie - Lay• Pay special attention to the irregular
verbs lie and lay. Present Past
Present Participle Past Participle lie (to rest) lying lay lain
lay (to place) laying laid laid
Which verbs are transitive, thus requiring objects?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 34
Select the correct verb.
1. “(Lie/Lay) over there,” Peter told his dog.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 35
Select the correct verb.
1. “(Lie/Lay) over there,” Peter told his dog.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 36
Select the correct verb.
2. Today I may (lie/lay) down for a while.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 37
Select the correct verb.
2. Today I may (lie/lay) down for a while.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 38
Select the correct verb.
3. The magazines are (lying/laying) on the table.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 39
Select the correct verb.
3. The magazines are (lying/laying) on the table.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 40
Select the correct verb.
4. Are you (lying/laying) bricks today?
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 41
Select the correct verb.
4. Are you (lying/laying) bricks today?
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 42
Frequently Misused Irregular Verbs
Sit - Set• Pay special attention to the irregular
verbs sit and set. Present Past
Present Participle Past Participle
sit (to rest) sitting sat sat
set (to place) setting set set
Which verbs are transitive, thus requiring objects?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 43
Select the correct verb.
1. Does Jon (sit/set) near the copy machine?
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 44
Select the correct verb.
1. Does Jon (sit/set) near the copy machine?
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 45
Select the correct verb.
2. Barbara has (sat/set) the package on the floor.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 46
Select the correct verb.
2. Barbara has (sat/set) the package on the floor.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 47
Select the correct verb.
3. Mr. Toy is (sitting/setting) in the back of the room.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 48
Select the correct verb.
3. Mr. Toy is (sitting/setting) in the back of the room.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 49
Frequently Misused Irregular Verbs
Rise - Raise• Pay special attention to the irregular
verbs rise and raise. Present Past
Present Participle Past Participle
rise (to go up) rising rose risen
raise (to lift up) raising raised raised
Which verbs are transitive, thus requiring objects?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 50
Select the correct verb.
1. Sears is (rising/raising) prices on some products.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 51
Select the correct verb.
1. Sears is (rising/raising) prices on some products.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 52
Select the correct verb.
2. The elevator (rose/raised) to the fifth floor.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 53
Select the correct verb.
2. The elevator (rose/raised) to the fifth floor.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 54
Select the correct verb.
3. Stock prices have (risen/raised) substantially.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 55
Select the correct verb.
3. Stock prices have (risen/raised) substantially.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 56
Present Progressive TenseFirst PersonI am planningwe are planning
Second Personyou are planning
Third Personhe, she, it is planningthey are planning
Progressive Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 57
Past Progressive TenseFirst PersonI was planningwe were planning
Second Personyou were planning
Third Personhe, she, it was planningthey were planning
Progressive Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 58
Progressive Tenses
Future Progressive TenseFirst PersonI will be planningwe will be planning
Second Personyou will be planning
Third Personhe, she, it will be planningthey will be planning
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 59
Present Perfect TenseFirst PersonI have plannedwe have planned
Second Personyou have planned
Third Personhe, she, it has plannedthey have planned
Perfect Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 60
Past Perfect TenseFirst PersonI had plannedwe had planned
Second Personyou had planned
Third Personhe, she, it had plannedthey had planned
Perfect Tenses
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 61
Perfect Tenses
Future Perfect TenseFirst PersonI will have planned we will have planned
Second Personyou will have planned
Third Personhe, she, it will have plannedthey will have planned
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 62
What is the correct form of the verb in parentheses?
1. In the past many permits were (deny) because the applications did not meet specifications.
Use past tense.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 63
What is the correct form of the verb in parentheses?
1. In the past many permits were denied because the applications did not meet specifications.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 64
What is the correct form of the verb in parentheses?
2. Karen often (hurry) to complete her work early so that she can leave to attend her evening class.
Use present tense.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 65
What is the correct form of the verb in parentheses?
2. Karen often hurries to complete her work early so that she can leave to attend her evening class.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 66
What are the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses?
3. Because Karen (arrive) before 7 a.m., she (open) the office.
Use future tense.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 67
What are the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses?
3. Because Karen will arrive before 7 a.m., she will open the office.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 68
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
4. I wish you could have saw the look on her face.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 69
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
4. I wish you could have saw the look on her face.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 70
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
4. I wish you could have seen the look on her face.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 71
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
5. The auditor said that he had went over all the statement totals twice.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 72
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
5. The auditor said that he had went over all the statement totals twice.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 73
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
5. The auditor said that he had gone over all the statement totals twice.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 74
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
6. Yesterday we brung all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 75
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
6. Yesterday we brung all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 76
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
6. Yesterday we brought all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 77
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
7. Please pick up all the papers that are laying around the office.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 78
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
7. Please pick up all the papers that are laying around the office.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 79
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
7. Please pick up all the papers that are lying around the office.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 80
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
8. If we had seen the address, we would not have drove right by the building.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 81
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
8. If we had seen the address, we would not have drove right by the building.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 82
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
8. If we had seen the address, we would not have driven right by the building.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 83
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to chose a style that pleased the client.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 84
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to chose a style that pleased the client.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 85
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to choose a style that pleased the client.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 86
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
10. After the actual construction was began, workers discovered a broken water line.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 87
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
10. After the actual construction was began, workers discovered a broken water line.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 88
Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)
10. After the actual construction was begun, workers discovered a broken water line.
Chapter 9 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 89
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