ch 7 immigrants and urbanization. identify and explain the significance ch 7 section 1 terms &...
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Ch 7 Immigrants and Urbanization
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Identify and explain the significance
Ch 7 Section 1 Terms & names
Ellis Island Angel island Melting pot Nativism
Section 2 Urbanization Americanization movement Tenement Mass transit Social gospel Settlement house Jane Addams
Section 3 Political Machine Graft Boss Tweed Patronage Civil Service Pendleton Civil Service Act
DIRECTIONSFor each term Explain what it is AND why its important
to this time period.
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Section 1 The New immigrants
Push factors– Famine, land shortages or religious and
political persecution Pull Factors
– A better life, rel. freedom, pol. freedom– “birds of passage” immigrate, temporarily
and return with money
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Europeans
New Immigrants came from– Southern and Eastern Europe
Italy, Austria-Hungary
and Russia– Left for religious persecution– Pogroms – organized
attacks
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Chinese and Japanese
Chinese came in smaller numbers– Gold rush– Work on the trains
Japanese workers– Recruited by Hawaiian planters
(annexed in 1898)– High wages drove more people here
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Life in the New land
A difficult Journey 1 week from Europe 3 weeks from Asia Crowded together not allowed on deck, no
exercise or fresh air Disease spread quickly Ellis Island in New York Harbor
– Detained for inspection 5 hours to a few days– Checked for medical and legal reasons
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Cont.
Angel Island -San Francisco –West Coast Settled in communities together
(homogeneous) Formed organizations to help themselves
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Chinese Exclusion Act
In 1882-Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials
Not repealed until 1943
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Melting PotThe true picture
Americanization?
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Gentlemen's Agreement
After California passed segregation law in the school against Japanese
Japan Agreed to restrict unskilled labor in exchange for the repeal of the segregation
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The Rise of Nativism
Nativism, overt favoritism toward native-born Americans
KKK rises in numbers in response to immigration
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Section 2 the Challenges of Urbanization
• Urban Opportunities– Urbanization –rapid growth of cities– Immigrants settle in the cities– Americanization movement – designed to
assimilate people into the dominant culture– Ethnic communities supplied support– Migration from country to city
• Fewer farm laborers needed• African Americans move to cities
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Urban Problems
• Housing– Housing outside cities had transportation
problems– Tenements, multifamily urban dwellings– Transportation – mass transit- street cars,
electric subways– Water- safe drinking water was a problem
• Diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever• Filtration and then chlorination in 1908
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Cont.
• Crime- first full timed salaried police force in 1844
• Fire- limited water supply caused problems
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Section 2 mapping
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Section 3 Politics in the Gilded Age
• The Emergence of Political Machines– Organized group that controlled the activities
of a political party by controlling votes, courts and police
– The Role of the Political Boss• Access to municipal jobs and business licenses• Some used this to help• Provided solutions• Helped with immigration, naturalization, jobs and
housing
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Municipal Graft and Scandal
• Election Fraud
• Take advantage of position for personal gain – Graft
• Kickback system
• Took bribes to allow illegal activities, such as gambling.
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the Kickback
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Civil Service Replaces Patronage
• Giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected
• Spoils System• Reformers began to push for the
elimination of the spoils System and adoption of the merit system
• Civil Service jobs –government administration – should go to the most qualified
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Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
• Republican president Rutherford B. Hayes was elected in 1876 tried to get congress to reform –
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2000 presidential election
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Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
• Republican split• In 1880 The
republicans run James A. Garfield a reformer and Chester A. Arthur a Stalwart
Stalwarts Reformers (halfbreeds)
Did not want change
Supported reforms to end spoils system
Chester A. Arthur VP
James A. Garfield P
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Assassination of Garfield
• Garfield was assassinated by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881 only a few months after taking office
• Arthur now president had to adjust- becoming a reformer– Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
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Business Buys Influence
• With the end of the spoil system politicians turned to wealthy business owners for campaign contributions
• Grover Cleveland first democrat elected in 28 years– Tried to lower tariffs – no congress support
• Ran for reelection in 1888 but lost to Benjamin Harrison
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Tariff Reform
• Free Traders– No tariff or low tariff– Supported by farmers– People who thought the treasure had too
much money
• Protectionist– High tariff– Supported by business owners– Wanted protection for American business
Do not copy
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