ch. 6.4 life substances-part 2
DESCRIPTION
Ch. 6.4 Life substances-part 2. Proteins: contain C, H, O,N, & sometimes S. Multipurpose molecules. Proteins. Function: many, many functions hormones signals from one body system to another insulin movement muscle immune system protect against germs enzymes help chemical reactions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 6.4 Life substances-part 2
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2006-2007
Proteins:
contain C, H, O,N, & sometimes SMultipurpose molecules
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Proteins Function:
many, many functionshormones
signals from one body system to anotherinsulin
movementmuscle
immune systemprotect against germs
enzymeshelp chemical reactions
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collagen (skin)
Proteins
insulin
Examples muscle skin, hair, fingernails, claws
collagen, keratin
pepsin digestive enzyme
in stomach
insulin hormone that controls blood
sugar levels
pepsin
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Proteins Building block =
aminoacid
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
—N—H
H
H|—C—|
C—OH
||O
variable group
amino acids
20 different amino acidsThere’s20 of us…like 20 differentletters in analphabet!Can make lots of differentwords
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Proteins Building block =
aminoacid
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
—N—H
H
H|—C—|
C—OH
||O
variable group
amino acids
20 different amino acidsThere’s20 of us…like 20 differentletters in analphabet!Can make lots of differentwords
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Amino acid chains Proteins
amino acids chained into a polymer
Each amino acid is different some “like” water & dissolve in it some “fear” water & separate
from it
amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid
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Amino acids can be linked by peptide bonds
Cells link amino acids together by dehydration synthesis
The bonds between amino acid monomers are called peptide bonds
Dehydrationsynthesis
Amino acid Amino acid
PEPTIDEBOND
Dipeptide
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pepsin
For proteins: SHAPE matters!
collagen
Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape that’s what happens in the cell!
Different shapes = different jobs
hemoglobingrowthhormone
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It’s SHAPE that matters!
Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape
Unfolding a protein destroys its shape wrong shape = can’t do its job unfolding proteins = “denature”
temperature pH
folded
unfolded“denatured”
In Biology,it’s not the size,it’s the SHAPEthat matters!
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Enzymes
Enzymes are important proteins found in living things. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
(SEE SEPARATE LECTURE.)
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Nucleic acids
A nucleic (noo KLAY ihk) acid is a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code.
1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the instructions used to form all of an organism’s proteins.
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) forms a copy of DNA for use in making proteins.
They ultimately control the life of a cell
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DNADNA
Nucleic Acids Function:
genetic materialstores information
genesblueprint for building proteins
DNA RNA proteinstransfers information
blueprint for new cellsblueprint for next generation
proteinsproteins
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Nucleic acids Building block =nucleotides
5 different nucleotides different nitrogen bases A, T, C, G, U
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
phosphate
sugar N base
Nitrogen basesI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart!
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Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids
nucleotides chained into a polymer
DNAdouble-sideddouble helixA, C, G, T
RNAsingle-sidedA, C, G, U
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
strong bonds
RNA
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DNA Double strand twists into a double helix
Weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strandsA pairs with T
A :: TC pairs with G
C :: G the two strands can
separate when our cells need to make copies of it
weak hydrogenbonds