Ch 6 Lifeguarding

Before Providing Care & Victim Assessment

Warm-up

• Have you ever worried about contracting a virus HIV, herpes, etc… after providing care to someone and why? If you have never provided any first aid treatment do you think this should be a big concern and why?

Lesson Objectives

• Describe what precautions can be taken to prevent disease transmission when providing care.

• Describe the general procedures for injury or sudden illness on land.

• Demonstrate proper removal of disposable gloves.

• Demonstrate an initial assessment.• Understand how to safely and effectively

move a victim on land

Before Providing Care

• Infectious disease are spread from infected people and from animals, insects or objects that have been in contact with them.

• Lifeguards must protect themselves and others from infectious diseases.

Blood Borne Pathogens

• Are bacteria and viruses present in blood and body fluids, which cause disease to humans.

• Bacteria can live outside the body• Viruses are in the body and difficult to kill• Are spread through direct or indirect contact• The primary concern for professional rescuers

are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV

Bacteria

• Can be treated with antibiotics

• Strep throat• Gonorrhea• Anthrax• Lyme disease

Viruses

• Few medications can fight viruses

• The body’s immune system is number one protection against infection

• Influenza• Chickenpox• Ebola

Viruses Continued

• Herpes• Hepatitis• HIV/AIDS

Herpes

• A highly contagious STD that is caused by two forms of herpes simplexes

• Simplex 1-fever blisters/ cold sores in the mouth or lips

• Simplex 2-blister-like lesions in the genital areas

                                     

Hepatitis B• Is a liver infection• Can be severe or fatal• Can be in the body for up to 6

months before symptoms appear.

• Sign and symptoms: flu-like, jaundice, fatigue, joint pain, nausea, loss of appetite

• There is currently a vaccine (3 doses) must be made available to all employees who have occupational exposure, including LG’s

Hepatitis C

• Liver disease• Most common chronic

bloodborne infection in the US

• Signs & symptoms: similar to hbv, jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea

• There is no vaccination and no treatment after exposure

• It is the leading cause of liver transplants

HIV

• This virus causes AIDS• Attacks white blood cells,

thus destroying the immune system

• Signs & symptoms: many• No cure or vaccination

Fact About AIDS

• The disease:• Caused by HIV- Human Immunodeficiency

Virus• Infections that strike people whose immune

systems are weakened by HIV are called opportunistic infections.

• When a person has a significant drop in white blood cells they are diagnosed as having AIDS

• AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Famous People Affected/ Died From HIV/AIDS• Arthur Ashe• Rock Hudson• Liberache• Freddy Mercury• Anthony Perkins• Robert Reed• Eazy-E• Greg Louganis• Perry Ellis• Magic Johnson

                 

How is the Disease Transmitted?

• The virus enters three basic ways:

• Through direct contact with the blood stream (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk)

• Through the mucous membrane linings (eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina)

• Mother to unborn baby

Wash your hands

• Always wash your hands especially after providing care. May have blood or other bodily secretions on it.

• One of the many ways bacteria, viruses, and other illnesses may be spread.

• Count your ABC’s 2x’s

How Pathogens Spread (pp 87-88)

• 4 conditions must be met for a pathogen to spread:– A pathogen present– A sufficient quantity of the pathogen is

present to cause disease– A person is susceptible to the pathogen– The pathogen passes through the correct

entry site (eyes, mouth or other mucous membranes, non-intact skin or skin pierced by needlesticks, human bites, cuts, etc.)

Direct contact

• Occurs when infected blood or body fluids from one person’s enters another person’s body

• Kissing • Touching• Sex• Blood splashing in the

eye or from directly touching the body fluids.

Indirect contact• Occurs when a person touches an

object that contains the blood or body fluid

• Coming in contact with something that has been touched by droplets of an infected person

• Picking up blood-soaked bandages• Sneeze• Cough

Facts:~Sneezes can travel at a speed of 100 miles per hour and the wet spray can radiate five feet. ~Donna Griffiths from Worcestershire, England sneezed for 978 days, sneezing once every minute at the beginning. This is the longest sneezing episode on record.

Prevention

• Your behavior can put you at risk for being infected with HIV, HBV/HCV

• Sharing needles• Unprotected sex

Warm-up

• If you came across a situation wear you did not have a protective breathing barrier would you still provide care to that victim if there was a breathing emergency?

Universal/Standard Precautions

• These precautions require that ALL human blood and substances be treated as if known to be infectious.

• Make sure immunizations are up to date• Avoid touching body fluids• Wear disposable gloves & dispose of properly• Wash hands before and after care• Clean areas that come in contact with body

fluids (water/bleach solution)

Precautions continued (p.90)

• Use a pocket mask when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

• Don’t eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose, or eyes when giving care

• Be prepared by having first aid kit handy & stocked with protective equipment & supplies

• Personal protective equipment: breathing barriers, nonlatex disposable gloves, gowns, masks, shields and protective eyewear.

Pocket Masks

Removing Latex Gloves

Skill Assessment…Glove Removal (pp. 90-91 Fig.6-7)

General Procedures for Injury or Sudden Illness on Land

• 1. Size up the scene– Is scene safe?– Look for dangers (down

power lines, traffic, explosions, violence, etc)

– Put on protective equipment

– What happened?– # of victims– Additional help needed?

(fire, police, EMS)

General Procedures cont…

• 2. Perform Initial Assessment– Is done to identify life-

threatening conditions– Is done to identify life-

threatening conditions– Is done to identify life-

threatening conditions

General Procedures cont…

• Summon EMS (read “call first or care first” pg. 94…see list of when to summon EMS p.95)– 9-1-1– Give conditions

• Perform Secondary Assessment– Identifies additional

conditions– May become life

threatening if not cared for

Warm-up

• In your opinion explain to what is the most important thing to do in a life threatening situation and why?

How to perform initial assessment:pp.94-95

• CHECK the victim for consciousness & obtain CONSENT if victim is conscious– Tap on shoulder, ask…are you ok? Pinch an infants toe– IF NO RESPONSE…Summon EMS

• CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing)– Look, listen, & feel

• CHECK for a pulse– Carotid artery in neck (adult/child)– Brachial artery inside arm/bicep (infant)

• CHECK severe bleeding

Obtaining Consent p.95

• Before providing care to a conscious victim, obtain his/her consent. If a minor get consent from parent/guardian.

• LG Tip: document any refusal of care. If a witness is available, have witness listen to, and document in writing any refusal of care.

Demonstrate & Practice Performing Initial Assessment

Pages 95-96

Warm-up

• If you suspect an individual has a spinal injury should you move them and why?

Demonstrate & Practice Emergency Moves (pp. 98-100)

• Clothes Drag• Two-person seat carry• Walking assist • Pack-strap carry

Review Questions

• How can you best protect yourself from possible blood borne pathogens?

• Use protective equipment, such as disposable gloves and breathing barrier

• The steps you follow in an emergency are performed in the following order-

• Size up scene, perform an initial assessment, summon EMS, perform a secondary assessment

Review Questions continued…

• A woman collapses in front of you as she is entering the aquatic facility. You size up the scene and then check the victim for consciousness. She does not respond. What should you do next?

• Summon EMS• You come upon a scene where a patron

seems to be hurt. Why should you size up the scene before approaching the victim?

• To determine if the scene is safe

Review Questions continued…• To determine if a victim is breathing---

• Look for movement and look, listen and feel for breathing for no more that 10 seconds

• A person has been injured and is conscious. You should---

• Obtain consent, check the victim for life-threatening conditions and speak with the victim to find out what happened.