Ch 5 1

Internal CommandsCOPY and TYPE

Ch 5 2

OverviewOverview

Will review file-naming rules.

Ch 5 3

OverviewOverview

Will learn some internal commands that can be used to manage and manipulate

files.

Ch 5 4

OverviewOverview

The value of creating and using dummy files will be

explained.

Ch 5 5

OverviewOverview

Will experience naming, managing, manipulating,

viewing, and printing files.

Ch 5 6

OverviewOverview

Use COPY and TYPE commands to perform various

tasks.

Ch 5 7

OverviewOverview

Both concatenation and the consequences of overwriting

files will be discussed.

Ch 5 8

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Review of directory management commands:

MD CD RD

Ch 5 9

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Directories: Largest units of information

management Used to organize programs and

data files

Ch 5 10

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Need to know how to manage information at the file level.

Managing files different from creating/changing data within files.

Ch 5 11

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Using the command line will help you understand:

File manipulation Disk and subdirectory structure

Ch 5 12

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Some tasks are done easier and faster at the command line.

Ch 5 13

Why Learn Command Why Learn Command Line Commands?Line Commands?

Internal file-management commands: DIR COPY REN DEL TYPE

Ch 5 14

The COPY CommandThe COPY Command

COPY command: Used to copy files from one

place to another

Ch 5 15

The COPY CommandThe COPY Command

Reasons for copying files: Copy files from one disk to another Make second copy to existing file on same

disk Copy file to device Making changes of existing file with

program that created it Create backup copy of various data files

Ch 5 16

The COPY CommandThe COPY Command

COPY command syntax:

COPY [parameters] [drive:] [path] filename

[drive:] [path] filename [parameters]

Ch 5 17

The COPY CommandThe COPY Command

Conceptually the syntax is:

COPY source destination

Ch 5 18

Review of File-Naming RulesReview of File-Naming Rules

File-naming Rules: Names of files in directory must be unique. No names can be longer than 255

characters, including file extensions. File extensions are optional.

Ch 5 19

Review of File-Naming RulesReview of File-Naming RulesFile-naming Rules: File name must be separated from its extension

with a period, called a dot. All alphanumeric characters can be used in file

names and extensions, except the following illegal characters:

“ / \ : | < > * ? +

Ch 5 20

Review of File-Naming Review of File-Naming RulesRules

Program files: Named by programmer Commonly have .COM, .EXE,

or .BAT extensions

Ch 5 21

Review of File-Naming Review of File-Naming RulesRules

Naming data files: Use names that reflect file contents Extensions usually specify type of file Most application programs assign file

extension to data files

Ch 5 22

Activity—Making Activity—Making Copies of FilesCopies of Files

KEY CONCEPTS: Function keys correct typing errors Function of first \ and second \ Function of dot (.) between file name and file

extension : lets operating system know that the destination

is a drive

Ch 5 23

Activity—Making Activity—Making Copies of FilesCopies of Files

KEY CONCEPTS:Executed several COPY commandsUsed DIR to confirm files copied Copy and rename files

On command line - one step Windows Explorer and My Computer - two

steps

Ch 5 24

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File Names

Floppy disk: Long file names - only when

necessary Room for 224 files on Directory

Table Uses old FAT16 file system

Ch 5 25

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File Names

Floppy disk: Designed to hold files with 8.3

rules Directory table full - cannot add

files to disk (even if there is room)

Ch 5 26

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File NamesFig 5.1 Two Directory Tables p. 192Fig 5.1 Two Directory Tables p. 192

Ch 5 27

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File Names

At command line enclose entire file name in quotes if it has spaces.

Use /X with DIR to see both short and long name in directory.

Ch 5 28

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File NamesFig 5.2 Directory Showing Short and Long File Names p. 192Fig 5.2 Directory Showing Short and Long File Names p. 192

Ch 5 29

Using Long File NamesUsing Long File Names

For long files names, it is helpful to have meaningful and unique characters within the first six

characters of the name.

Ch 5 30

Activity—Copying Files Activity—Copying Files with Long File Nameswith Long File Names

KEY CONCEPTS: Copied file to data disk Operating system assigned alias (8.3

file name)

Ch 5 31

Using Wildcards with the Using Wildcards with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Using wildcards (* and ?) with the COPY command to copy

files can reduce the number of commands that have to be

typed in.

Ch 5 32

Using Wildcards with the Using Wildcards with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Wildcards used: With DIR and COPY commands To change destination name

Ch 5 33

Activity—Using Wildcards Activity—Using Wildcards with COPY Commandwith COPY Command

KEY CONCEPTS: Use wildcards to save time when:

Copying files Viewing files

If NTFS is file system - copy will copy files in alphabetical order

Ch 5 34

The TYPE CommandThe TYPE Command

TYPE command: Internal command Opens/displays contents of file on screen

DIR - displays what files are on disk Must be text/ASCII file for data to be

meaningful and readable

Ch 5 35

The TYPE CommandThe TYPE Command

TYPE command syntax:

TYPE [drive:] [path] filename

Ch 5 36

Activity—Displaying Files Activity—Displaying Files Using TYPE CommandUsing TYPE Command

KEY CONCEPTS: Text files/ASCII files Recognizing executable code files by

file extensions Support files Format - how data is arranged

Ch 5 37

Dummy FilesDummy Files

Dummy files: Files without particular meaning Usually created for test purposes Usually smaller and are samples

Ch 5 38

Activity—Using the Copy Activity—Using the Copy and Type Commandsand Type Commands

KEY CONCEPTS:TYPE can use more than one

parameterDIR - displays current files on disksTYPE - displays contents of one file at

a time

Ch 5 39

Making Additional Files Making Additional Files on the Same Diskon the Same Disk

Can have two files with identical contents on same disk:

Including same name - if files kept in different subdirectories

In same subdirectory - if the names of the files are different.

Ch 5 40

Activity - Activity - UsingUsing COPY Command COPY CommandKEY CONCEPTS:

Review use of: MD and <DIR> (including syntax) Naming subdirectories First backslash (\), other (\) Dot (.) and double dot (. .) Absolute/relative paths

COPY commandUse of wildcards with TYPE

command

Ch 5 41

Using Wildcards with the Using Wildcards with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Wildcards can be used to copy files in the same drive to a

different subdirectory.

Ch 5 42

Using Wildcards with the Using Wildcards with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

It is crucial that syntax is NEVER altered.

COPY source destination

Ch 5 43

Using Wildcards with the Using Wildcards with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Files can be “misplaced”: Computers always follow

commands User must know what the

computer was told to do

Ch 5 44

Activity—Using Wildcards Activity—Using Wildcards with the COPY commandwith the COPY command

KEY CONCEPTS: Copying/naming files with COPY

command Compare moving/renaming files using

GUI vs. doing it at the command line

Ch 5 45

Using COPY and DIR Using COPY and DIR with Subdirectorieswith Subdirectories

COPY command can place file in subdirectories.

DIR command can be used to see if files were copied.

Ch 5 46

Activity—Using COPY Activity—Using COPY with Subdirectorieswith Subdirectories

KEY CONCEPTS: Importance of spacing when keying in

commands (COPY command spacing) Use of \ - as a root, as a delimiter When to use absolute/ relative path Changing directories Using DIR to locate files

Ch 5 47

Using Subdirectory Markers Using Subdirectory Markers with the COPY Commandwith the COPY Command

Can use shortcuts to write commands:

Dot (.) Double dot (..)

Ch 5 48

Using Subdirectory Markers Using Subdirectory Markers with the COPY Commandwith the COPY Command

The .. represents parent of current directory.

Only directory that does not have a parent is the root directory.

Ch 5 49

Activity—Using Shortcuts: The Activity—Using Shortcuts: The Subdirectory MarkerSubdirectory Marker

KEY CONCEPTS: Child vs. parent directory Absolute path Using . . Using \ as a delimiter

Ch 5 50

Overwriting Files with the Overwriting Files with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Each file must have a unique name on same disk and

subdirectory.

Ch 5 51

Overwriting Files with the Overwriting Files with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Overwrite: Old data replaced by new data

Ch 5 52

Overwriting Files with the Overwriting Files with the COPY CommandCOPY CommandFig 5.4 Overwriting Files p. 264Fig 5.4 Overwriting Files p. 264

Ch 5 53

Overwriting Files with the Overwriting Files with the COPY CommandCOPY Command

Overwrite files on regular basis as you want to backup files.

Now Windows informs user that an overwrite will occur.

Ch 5 54

Activity—Overwriting Files Activity—Overwriting Files Using COPY CommandUsing COPY Command

KEY CONCEPTS: When overwriting is not allowed Confirmation prior to overwriting

Ch 5 55

Combining Text Files with Combining Text Files with the COPY Commandthe COPY Command

Concatenation is creating another file by combining contents of

two or more text (ASCII) files.

Ch 5 56

Combining Text Files with Combining Text Files with the COPY Commandthe COPY Command

Concatenation should never be done with program files, or with data files generated by

programs.

Ch 5 57

Combining Text Files with Combining Text Files with the COPY Commandthe COPY Command

To avoid accidental concatenation of files, read all messages DOS displays on the

screen.

Ch 5 58

Combining Text Files with Combining Text Files with the COPY Commandthe COPY Command

COPY syntax never changes: COPY source destination

Plus sign (+) between source files tells OS that you are joining files.

Two or more items separated by pipe symbol (|) - either/or choice

Ch 5 59

Activity—Combining Files Activity—Combining Files Using the COPY CommandUsing the COPY Command

KEY CONCEPTS: Where spaces are in COPY command Join text files with plus sign Never concatenate:

Program files Data files created with application programs

Read messagesOnly text files can be combined

Wildcards can be used

Ch 5 60

Printing FilesPrinting Files Have not printed contents of any file.

May have: Redirected output to printer using:

DIR command TYPE command

Copied file to printer

Ch 5 61

Printing FilesPrinting Files

PRINT command: Prints contents of files Automatically ejects pages Works only for ASCII files

Ch 5 62

Printing FilesPrinting Files

Data files generated by application programs can only

be printed from within application program.

Ch 5 63

Printing FilesPrinting Files

Reasons for printing ASCII files: Need hard copy of configuration

information on computer Verify if printer problem is a

software problem

Ch 5 64

Printing FilesPrinting Files

Three ways to print a text file from the command line:

Use PRINT command Use redirection with DIR

command Copy contents of file to printer

Ch 5 65

Printing FilesPrinting Files

PRINT command syntax:

PRINT [D:device] [[drive:] [path] filename […]]

Ch 5 66

Printing in a Lab Printing in a Lab EnvironmentEnvironment

Printing is complicated without a local printer.

Ch 5 67

Activity- Setting Up Printing Activity- Setting Up Printing in a Lab Environmentin a Lab Environment

KEY CONCEPTS: Created shortcut to enable printing on

the desktop Created second shortcut on desktop to

disable command line printing

Ch 5 68

Activity—Printing FilesActivity—Printing Files

KEY CONCEPTS: Print job Status report Can direct output to screen or another

device Cannot use redirection with COPY

command