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Chapter 4 Section 4

}  Chinese Philosopher }  Followers collected his teaches, in a work

called the Analects. }  His teachings became known as

Confucianism. }  # 5 in book of 100

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}  Lived from 551 BC to 479 BC. Was a Chinese thinker and a social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced many Chinese cultures.

}  In time Confucius’s teachings became known as Confucianism. jen = love li.= manners, rituals, customs

•  Has more influence on Chinese life than any other philosophies.

•  Focuses on •  respect for elders, •  importance of family, •  reverence for the past and ancestors.

•  Not a religious prophet. Not a Religion •  Concerned with the causes of political and

social unrest, and how to solve them with moral and ethical leadership.

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-He aimed to encourage strong, positive behaviors on the part of China’s leaders.

Accept one’s role in society Government and its leaders should be

virtuous. State exists for the benefit of people

•  Virtuous: Correct behavior toward others. •  Only moral, well-educated officials to lead

the government, and administer its laws •  Variation of Golden Rule: what you

do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

Confucious (Cont.)

Confucious (Cont.)

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£ # 92 in book of 100 £ Strong Supporter of the Confucian

Philosophy £ Taught that individuals contain much

goodness £ “The best characteristics of the individual

would strengthen and benefit others.” £ Rulers who respect the people will gain

respect from them and be prosperous. £ These ways become part of China’s tradition

over time.

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�  Laozi founded the philosophy called Daoism.

�  Daoism took its name from its central idea, the Dao, which is defined as “The Way.”

�  Laozi saw the Dao as a force that governed the universe and all of nature.

�  Withdraw from the world and contemplate nature. Then they could understand the Dao and live in harmony.

�  Laozi shunned politics, rather they should bring themselves to harmony by being humble, quiet, and thoughtful.

�  Daoism and Confucianism provided balance to Chinese culture.

£ Chinese philosophy £ Concerned itself with politics £ Focuses on power, and harsh laws £ People were by nature selfish and

untrustworthy £ Peace and prosperity could be achieved

only by threatening severe punishment if people did not obey the laws.

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Dualism  The  Two-­‐Sidedness  of  Nature  

Balance  between  two  forces  � Yin-­‐  female,  dark,  passive  � Yang-­‐  male,  bright,  active  The  two  forces  are  dependant  on  each  other.  Ideally  maintain  a  Balance  

Yin  Yang  is  a  major  theme  in  Chinese  art  and  Literature.  

Dualism  

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Zhou Dynasty (Ch 2 Sec 4) •  700’s BC the Zhou Kings lost control of the people/civilization.

A. Local leaders began to fight. B. Quality of leaders declined.

•  771BC The capital was invaded. •  By 400BC the Zhou had no real power •  The Qin defeated the Zhou •  “Mandate of Heaven”

•  The 1st Qin emperor, Ching, # 17 •  followed the ideas of Legalism. •  He created a very powerful empire,

although his dynasty lasted for a short period.

•  The Han dynasty accepted many of the Legalist principles of the Qin dynasty, along with moderate Confucianism principles.

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Qin Dynasty 221 B.C. •  Ruler was Ching #17 (Shi Huangdi)

•  Political, Military & Commercial Unity •  The Qin Dynasty only lasted 15 years. •  China’s name came from the Qin’s Dynasty •  Qin Dynasty was very large.

•  Bigger then Roman Empire •  Europe today vs 1 China

•  Autocracy- Emperors held total power •  Nobody could criticize the government. •  Book Burning 213 BC •  Eliminate Feudal system •  36 Provinces ruled by Emperor

Governor-not hereditary Move them around Roads- Unite big area, move armies

Qin Dynasty •  Built defensive walls to guard from invasion.

Great Wall of China (1,500 miles long.) I. To build it they had to force labor from civilians.

•  206 B.C. Liu Bang overthrew the Empire

Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty. QIN DYNASTY ONLY LAST 15 YEARS BUT…

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Han Dynasty 200 B.C Chapter 5.

•  Founded by Liu Bang •  Emperors had a moderate style. •  Dynasty kept power for 400 years. •  Liu Ch’e was the longest ruling emperor. •  Han ruled over a larger area than the Roman Empire.

n  A great influence on Chinese thought and religious belief

n  Missionaries from India first brought Buddhism to China during the Han dynasty.

n  When the Han dynasty fell, many of the Chinese turned to Buddhism.

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n  Found comfort in the values that Buddhism was founded around.

n  Emphasized universal charity and compassion, ideals that Chinese philosophy had largely overlooked

o  Mahayana Buddhism n  Worship the Buddha as a savior n  Believe that he is committed to helping

all human beings escape from the miseries of the world.

-The teachings of the Buddha, Confucius, Laozi, and the Legalists had a lasting effect on Chinese attitudes.

-Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism provided moral and ethical guides to right living.

-These ways provided a strong foundation for Chinese government.