ch. 4, sec. 1
TRANSCRIPT
Elements of Elements of CultureCulture
Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1
CultureCulture – total knowledge, attitudes and – total knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared and passed on by the behaviors shared and passed on by the members of a specific groupmembers of a specific group
SocietySociety – group that shares a geographic – group that shares a geographic region, and sense of identity and a cultureregion, and sense of identity and a culture
Ethnic groupEthnic group – specific group that shares a – specific group that shares a language customs and heritagelanguage customs and heritage
- distinct from other groups in their region- distinct from other groups in their region
Factors that influence Factors that influence cultureculture
Food and Food and sheltershelter
ReligionReligion Relationships Relationships
to family and to family and othersothers
languagelanguage
EducationEducationSecurity/ Security/
protectionprotectionPolitical and social Political and social
organizationorganizationCreative Creative
expressionexpression
Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange
Innovation = InventionInnovation = InventionMaking something new Making something new to fit a needto fit a need
Can happen on purpose Can happen on purpose or by accidentor by accident
Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange
Diffusion = spread of ideasDiffusion = spread of ideas Culture hearth – site of innovation Culture hearth – site of innovation
where ideas, materials and where ideas, materials and technology diffuse to other culturestechnology diffuse to other cultures
AcculturationAcculturation Can radically change societyCan radically change society Positive – vaccinations in poor Positive – vaccinations in poor
countriescountries Negative – conquered country Negative – conquered country
become slavesbecome slaves
Population DistributionPopulation Distribution Habitable lands – have suitable Habitable lands – have suitable
climate and vegetation for livingclimate and vegetation for living Heavily populated along rivers and coast Heavily populated along rivers and coast
lineslines Arable lands – land good for farmingArable lands – land good for farming MigrationMigration
Push – Pull factorsPush – Pull factors Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to
leaveleave Centripetal (Pull) = draws people inCentripetal (Pull) = draws people in
LanguageLanguage
Establishes a groups’ identity and Establishes a groups’ identity and sense of unity among those who sense of unity among those who speak itspeak it
Can cause problems when more Can cause problems when more that one language is spoken that one language is spoken within a small areawithin a small area
LanguageLanguage
3000 – 6500 languages are spoken 3000 – 6500 languages are spoken around the worldaround the world
Similar languages are placed in Similar languages are placed in familiesfamilies
Dialects are different versions of a Dialects are different versions of a language in the same familylanguage in the same family Example: Language Family = EnglishExample: Language Family = English
Dialect = Southern v. NY Dialect = Southern v. NY accentaccent
ReligionReligion
Greatly influences peoples Greatly influences peoples lifestyleslifestyles
Monotheistic – belief in one godMonotheistic – belief in one god Polytheistic – belief in many godsPolytheistic – belief in many gods Animistic – belief in divine forces Animistic – belief in divine forces
of natureof nature
HinduismHinduism Dates back 5,000 Dates back 5,000
yearsyears Ethnic religion Ethnic religion
concentrated in Indiaconcentrated in India Polytheistic – gods Polytheistic – gods
represent the represent the different aspects of different aspects of divine spirit, divine spirit, BrahmanBrahman
Caste system – levels Caste system – levels of fixed social classes of fixed social classes with specific rites with specific rites and dutiesand duties
JudaismJudaism Oldest of SW Asian Oldest of SW Asian
religionsreligions Concentrated in Concentrated in
IsraelIsrael Established 3200 Established 3200
years agoyears ago MonotheisticMonotheistic Ethnic religion – faith Ethnic religion – faith
and culture tied and culture tied togethertogether
Torah – religious Torah – religious bookbook
BuddhismBuddhism Offshoot of Offshoot of
HinduismHinduism Started in 563 B.C. Started in 563 B.C.
in northern Indiain northern India Siddhartha Siddhartha
Gautama, a.k.a. the Gautama, a.k.a. the Buddha, rejected Buddha, rejected the caste system the caste system and promoted the and promoted the correct way to live correct way to live in order to reach in order to reach enlightenmentenlightenment
Spread through to Spread through to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
ChristianityChristianity Started 2,000 years ago, based Started 2,000 years ago, based
on the teachings of Judaismon the teachings of Judaism MonotheisticMonotheistic Based on teachings of Jesus Based on teachings of Jesus
Christ, recorded in the New Christ, recorded in the New Testament of the BibleTestament of the Bible
Largest religionLargest religion 3 major groups: Roman Catholic, 3 major groups: Roman Catholic,
Protestant, and Eastern OrthodoxProtestant, and Eastern Orthodox
IslamIslam Based on the Based on the
teachings of the teachings of the Prophet MuhammadProphet Muhammad
Followers known as Followers known as MuslimsMuslims
MonotheisticMonotheistic Close ties to Close ties to
Christianity and Christianity and JudaismJudaism
Qu’ran – holy bookQu’ran – holy book 2 divisions: Sunni 2 divisions: Sunni
and Shiiteand Shiite