ch 4 revised

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CHAPTER 4

DATA PRESENTATION: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discusses data presentation and results of the study. The

findings are discussed based on the order of the objectives.

Objective 1: To design and implement an access control and monitoring

system for Mindanao University of Science and technology.

4.1 Hardware Design

Figure 6 shows a solenoid lock. Once the solenoid is unlocked, the three

arm turnstile can now be rotate freely for the subject to push. The subject will

manually push the arm to grant access through the turnstile. As the subject

passes through the turnstile, that is the time he will be logged. This will be done

when the limit switch is triggered.

Figure 7 shows the two limit switches mounted inside the turnstile. These

switches will be triggered when the arm rotates. That is the time the subject will

be logged and his profile will be displayed in the web. The first switch will be

triggered when the subject enters and on the other hand, the second switch will

be triggered as the subject exits.


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Figure 6 Solenoid lock

Figure 7 Limit switch


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Figure 8 Turnstile Circuit Connection

Figure 8 shows the assembly of the specified components of three arm

turnstile and its connection with each other. It also illustrates how the electronic

components are mounted on the circuit board. The connection begins with the

RFID readers data output pin (TX) when the information is received from the tag

such as the students identification number is transmitted to RX1 pin and/or RX2

of the microcontroller. As soon as the Arduino Mega receives a tag code, it will

automatically forward the tag code to the server through Ethernet port using

Arduino Ethernet Shield and an RJ45 cable. Then the server will search the

assigned tag code in the database and if there is a match, the server will send a

string code 1 back to the microcontroller, commanding it to unlock the turnstile.

Initially, digital pin 8 of the Arduino Mega is connected to the base of TIP120


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Transistor and pin 6 and 7 are connected to the limit switches. If the output in pin

8 is HIGH, the transistor will turn on and activates the solenoid therefore

unlocking the turnstile gate. If the turnstile gate rotates clockwise (entrance) the

limit switch will be triggered and pin 6 will have a HIGH input state, this action will

automatically logged the time-in of the subject and at the same time to lock the

turnstile gate if the turnstile get rotates counterclockwise (exit), pin 7 will be

triggered, this action will automatically logged the timeout of the subject. On the

instance that the limit switch is not turn on, the turnstile gate will automatically

lock within 15 seconds. The same process is done if the subject leaves the

premises.

Figure 9 shows the circuit connection of the miniature boom barrier.

Arduino Mega Microcontroller is the brain of the circuit. The connection begins

with the readers data output pin (TX) transmit the RFID tag code or the

identification tag code to RX1and/or RX2 of the microcontroller. As soon as the

Arduino Mega receives a tag code, it will automatically forward the tag code to

the server through Ethernet port using Arduino Ethernet Shield and an RJ45

cable. Then the server will search the assigned tag code in the database and if

there is a match, the server will send a string code 1 back to the microcontroller,

commanding it to raise the boom barrier. Initially, data pin 8 of the Arduino Mega

is connected to the PWM (control) of servo motor and digital pin 6 is connected

to the limit switch. If there is a matching tag code in the database, the

microcontrollers pin 8 generates a pulse (pulse width modulation), this will turn

the miniature boom barrier to rise from 0 degrees to 90 degrees or simply it


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opens the barrier gate. After the car enters the gate the switch will be turn on

manually indicating that the car already enters the gate, this will make the

miniature boom barrier to close. In real application, the switch will be replaced by

a car magnetic sensor. This magnetic car sensor or car sensor will send a HIGH

voltage signal to a microcontroller if it senses the presence of a car. It will send a

LOW voltage signal to a microcontroller indicating that the car is no longer in its

detection range, in this instance the microcontroller can command the boom

barrier to close. This mechanism is an anti-bumping system, preventing a boom

barrier to hit the car. In an event that the car owner swipes the RFID tag code but

it didnt enter the gate, the boom barrier will be closed after 15 seconds. The

same process is done when the car leaves the premises.

Figure 9 Miniature Circuit Connection


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4.2 Software Design

YES

NO NO

YES

YES YES

Start

Open Monitoring screen

LOG IN LOG OUT

SCAN RFID TAG SCAN RFID TAG

Is it

registered?

Is it

registered?

Is it already

in?

Is it already

out?

A B

NO NO


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Figure 10 Software Algorithm

Figure 10 show the software algorithm used in the study. First, the subject

will swipe the RFID tag to the RFID reader in the entrance side of the turnstile or

boom barrier. The RFID tag code will be sent to the database to verify if it is

registered. If it is not registered, the system will not allow access to the university.

If it is registered, the system program will verify if the subjects last state is

currently in. If it is already in, the turnstile or boom will not be open. If it last state

is out, the turnstile or the boom barrier will be open. With the use of limit switches

and sensor, the system program will determine if the subject has passed the

A B

Unlock turnstile or

Open Boom Barrier

Unlock turnstile or

Open Boom Barrier

Is the

subject in?

Is the

subject out?

Has 15 sec

passed?

Log time-in Log timeout

Lock turnstile or

Close boom barrier

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES


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turnstile or boom barrier gate. If the subject entered the gate, automatic logging

of time-in is executed. If the subject didnt enter the gate after swiping the RFID

tag, the turnstile will be lock after 15 sec. The subject will swipe the tag again if

he/she wishes to enter again. The same process happened if the subject will

leave the campus.

4.3 Graphical User Interface

The researchers used SQL 2 database which contains the list of the

registered students and employees. The database stores all the information

needed in this study. By using Ruby on Rails, the researchers were unable to

design a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The GUI displays the

monitoring screen of the current subjects entering and leaving the university.

Figure 11 shows the Access Control and Monitoring System Main

interface. This is also the monitoring screen. It displays the name, course if

student, or profession if a faculty, and the time it enters or leaves the premises.

Figure 11 Home Screen


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Figure 12 shows the logs of the people who entered and left the

University with their corresponding date and time. This will appear by clicking

Logs button.

Figure 13 shows the list of the people who are still inside the university

campus.

Figure 12 Logs

Figure 13 Remaining People Panel


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Figure 14 shows the registration panel. It enables the user to register

students, employee or guests individually.

Figure 14 Registration


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Objective 2: To evaluate the efficiency of the of the system design in

handling registered and unregistered ID card.

4.4 System Test

Efficiency on Reading Registered Tags

Table 1:Efficiency of First RFID reader in Detecting Tags

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ave (%)

Detected Tags 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Unlocked Solenoid 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 96%

Table 2: Efficiency of Second RFID reader in Detecting Tags

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ave (%)

Detected Tags 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Unlocked Solenoid 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Table 1 and 2 shows the efficiency of the two readers in terms of detecting

registered tags. The first table is the efficiency of the reader in the entrance and

the second table is the efficiency of the table in the exit. The table shows the

number of registered tags detected by reader and the number of times that the

solenoid is unlocked.


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Efficiency on Limit Switch

Table 3: Efficiency of First Limit Switch

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ave (%)

Triggered 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Logged In Profile 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Table 4: Efficiency of Second Limit Switch

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ave (%)

Triggered 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Logged Out Profile 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100%

Table 3 and 4 shows the efficiency of the two limit switch. The first table is

the efficiency of the limit switch in the entrance and the second table is the

efficiency of the limit switch in the exit. The table shows the number of times that

the switch is triggered after pushing the arm of the turnstile upon access of the

subject and logged the profile.


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Program Efficiency

Table 5: Response Time of the Program

Trial Access Time(seconds) Trial Access Time(seconds)

1 IN 1.5 6 OUT 1.6

2 IN 1.9 7 OUT 1.8

3 IN 2.0 8 OUT 1.8

4 IN 2.1 9 OUT 1.7

5 IN 1.4 10 OUT 2.0

Average Time 1.78 Average Time 1.78

Total Average Time 1.78 seconds

Table 5 shows the average time of the program to open solenoid lock after

a registered student and employee ID card is swiped. Based on the above

results, the delay of which the system can be accessed is due to mechanical

flaw.

ch 4 revised

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