ch. 39 - fish
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Ch. 39 - Fish. How many of you have a fish aquarium? What are some types of fish? What makes a fish different from other animals that we have talked about? Vertebrates What phylum do vertebrates belong to? Chordata Video. Classification of Vertebrates. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 39 - Fish
How many of you have a fish aquarium?What are some types of fish?What makes a fish different from other
animals that we have talked about?–Vertebrates
What phylum do vertebrates belong to?–Chordata
Video
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Classification of VertebratesKingdom: Animalia
–Phylum: Chordata• Subphylum: vertebrata
All chordates at some stage develop 3 things.1. Notochord – dorsal rod of specialized cells.2. Dorsal nerve cord- hollow tube just above
the notochord.3. Pharyngeal pouches – small outpockets of
the anterior gut.Most have a post anal tail
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3 Classes of fish
1. Agnatha – means “jawless”–Lampreys & hagfish–Both have a notochord their whole life.–Lamprey are mainly freshwater–Hagfish are marine–Hagfish have a toothed tongue that saws a hole in
its prey–Pg. 803
Video
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Chondrichthyes (class) #2
Sharks, rays, & skatesMovable jaws; unlike agnathaPlacoid scales – tooth-like
spines on their skin.Pg. 817Video
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Shark Characteristics
Very fast side-to-side swimming motionHave 6-20 rows of teeth pointing backwards.
Why?Can use more than 20,000 teeth in its lifetime.They have 2 pectoral fins just behind their
head that act like wings. They compensate for the thrust of the tail fin.
Video
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Rays & Skates
Rays have more of a disk-shaped bodySkates have a triangular-shaped bodyBoth have flattened bodiesBoth have great camouflage and hide
well in the sand.Sting rays have a very powerful sting.Video
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Osteichthyes (class) #33 types of bony fish
1. Lobe-finned fish –For over 70 million years scientists thought this
fish was extinct until 1938 a South American fisherman caught one.
2. Lungfish–Can live out of water for long periods of time.
3. Ray-finned fish–Have fins supported by bones(rays). Most fish
are this type. Examples?
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External Anatomy of a Fish
Yellow Perch Perca flavescensOperculum – hard covering that protects the
gills on each side.Caudal fin – tail fin (thrust)2 Dorsal fins1 Anal fin2 Pectoral & Pelvic fins
–Helps steer, brake, & move up and down.
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Integument – skin–Scales that overlap like shingles–Contain chromatophores, which are
cells that allow the fish to change colors.
Lateral line – senses vibrations (no ear)
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Internal Anatomy of a Fish
Food Passage:Pharynx Esophagus Stomach
Pyloric ceca (intestine)The pyloric ceca are outpockets of the
stomach, that have lots of villi that line it.
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Circulatory System
2-chambered heartAtrium – collecting chamberVentricle – pumping chamberThe blood is pumped through arteries to
small capillaries in the gills for has exchange. The blood then returns to the heart through veins.
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Respiratory System
Gills with a large surface areaSwim bladder allows the fish to
adjust its density so it can float without using much energy.
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Nervous System
5 lobes of the brain1. Optic lobes – the largest lobes, for
sight.2.Olfactory lobes – smell3. Cerebrum – intelligence4. Cerebellum – balance5. Medulla oblongata – regulates
interior organs.
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Reproductive SystemSeparate sexes
1. External Fertilization – occurs when the eggs are fertilized outside the female’s body.–Ex. Salmon, trout, perch, (most species)
2. Internal Fertilization – occurs when the eggs are fertilized inside the body.–Ex. Guppies, swordtails, mollies
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Spawning is the release of the eggs.Milting is the release of sperm.What is one way fishes protect each
other?–Schools of fish
What is the age limit on a fishing license?–16 -65