ch. 3 the rock cyclenewburyparkhighschool.net/wright/earthscience/04_rocks/...• after weathering...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 3 The Rock Cycle OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the properties of each type of rock based on physical and chemical conditions under which the rock formed.
• Describe the rock cycle and how rocks change form.
Columns of
rock called
hoodoos dot
Bryce Canyon
National Park.
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Magma - molten material
deep beneath Earth’s
surface.
Lava - magma that
reaches the surface.
***The melting of any
rock type leads to the
production of magma.
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Formation• Igneous Rocks form when Magma or lava
Cools.
• Cooling can occur either
below or above the surface!
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Formation of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive - magma hardens
beneath Earth’s surface
(granite). Cools slowly
Have large crystals/grains
Extrusive - formed when lava
hardens at surface (pumice,
rhyolite). Cools quickly
Have no/small
crystals/grains
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Weathering - rocks broken
down by water, air & living
things.
Sediments -weathered pieces
of Earth elements.
Erosion - sediments are
transported by water, wind or
gravity.
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• Formed from particles or sediments that have
been transported & deposited by wind & water.
• Over time, these particles become pressed or cemented
together to form rocks.
• Ex: sandstone
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• After weathering and Erosion occur sediments must be
deposited!
• Deposition - an agent of erosion (water, wind, ice, or
gravity) loses energy & drops sediments.
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks 1. Weathering, Erosion & Deposition
2. Compaction & Cementation
• Compaction - process that squeezes sediments by the
weight of overlying materials driving out water.
• Cementation – Solidification of sediments by the
deposition of dissolved minerals which act like a “glue.”
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Agents of Metamorphism Heat - provides energy needed to drive chemical reactions.
Pressure - causes a more compact rock with greater
density.
How does this happen ?
Contact metamorphism:
magma moves into rock
• Occurs near a body of magma
• Changes are driven by a rise in
temperature
Regional metamorphism:
large-scale deformation• Direct pressures occur during
mountain building
• Produces greatest volume of
metamorphic rock.
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• Formed when chemical reactions, heat, and/or
pressure change existing rocks into new rocks.
(physical & chemical properties usually quite different from
original.)
meta- means change, morph means form.
(Ex: marble, schist, gneiss (pronounced “nice”)
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Energy That Drives the Rock Cycle Processes driven by heat from
Earth’s interior are responsible
for forming both igneous &
metamorphic rocks.
Weathering & erosion are
external processes powered
by energy from the Sun,
produce sedimentary rocks.
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
MAGMA
Weathering and erosionHeat and pressureMeltingCooling
Compaction,
cementation, and
lithification
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CHARACERISTICS OF �IGNEOUS ROCKS
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CHARACERISTICS OF �SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
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CHARACERISTICS OF �METAMORPHIC ROCKS