Ch. 3 The Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Hemisphere

Early China – Demography

1. Where did most of China’s population live?2. Why is the southern third of China blue and purple?3. Where would you suspect most environmental problems to be

now?

Chinese Crops

Modern China Ag. Production

millet

rice

wheat

Chinese Silk

motif

Feng Shui

Ancestor Worship

British Colombia

Togo

Shang Ancestor Worship Why would people worship their

ancestors? The two pictures on the left on the

preceding slide are also forms of ancestor worship. Why do you think ancestor worship was so widespread?

Bronze as a Status Symbol

Mandate of Heaven

Warring States PeriodWhat were the Chinese dynasties that preceded the Warring States period and came after it?

Philosophies of China

Legalism, started by Shang Lang, Han

Feizi, and Li Si

Daoism (Taoism), started by Lao Tzi

(Laozi)

Confucianism, started by Confucius(Kong Qiu)

Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Daoism (Taoism)transliteration from ChineseLife is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don't resist them - that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like.-Lao Tzu

Silence is a source of great strength.-Lao Tzu

“The honey doesn't taste so good once it is being eaten; the goal doesn't mean so much once it is reached; the reward is no so rewarding once it has been given. If we add up all the rewards in our lives, we won't have very much. But if we add up the spaces *between* the rewards, we'll come up with quite a bit. And if we add up the rewards *and* the spaces, then we'll have everything - every minute of the time that we spent.” ― Benjamin Hoff, The Tao of Pooh

Family in Shang China

Yin and Yang

Nubian Trade

Prehistoric trade spanned the northeastern corner of the Sahara in the Naqadan era. Predynastic Egyptians in the Naqada I period traded with Nubia to the south, the oases of the western desert to the west, and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean to the east.[5] They also imported obsidian from Ethiopia to shape blades and other objects.

Nubia

Why do you think Egypt was so determined to keep control of Nubia and Nubia’s trade?

Meroe

Where would you live?

Matrilineal/Patrilineal• matrilineal primogeniture where

the eldest female child of the subject is entitled to the hereditary succession before her younger sisters, and her brothers are not entitled at all.

• matrilineal ultimogeniture where the youngest daughter is the heir. This system is found among the Khasis of India.

• rotation among female relatives.• matrilineal seniority, where the

eldest sister is succeeded by her next eldest sister, etc., until the surviving sisters have had their turns, at which point the females of the next generation, daughters of these "original" sisters will have their turns, in order of seniority.

Example of Nubian Matrilineal System

Shift from Bronze to Iron

Bronze

Mixed Metal (Copper and Tin or Arsenic)

Hard to find both metals in one place

Hard (3 o/10 Mohs)

Iron

Single Metal (Iron ore)

2nd most abundant metal on earth

Hard (4.5 o/10 Mohs)

Why would people shift from using bronze to Iron?

Cosmopolitan2cosmopolitanadjective : showing an interest in different cultures, ideas, etc.: having people from many different parts of the world

cosmo- combining formprefix: cosmo-1. of or relating to the world or the universe.from French, ultimately from Greek kosmopolitēs, from kosmo- COSMO- + politēs citizen

Strongest of the Strongest

Hebrews – Had sheep, on the western end of the Silk Road Trade to transfer to the Mediterranean, killed most of the people living in Canaan

Assyrians – Mean people enslaved those around them, at least those that weren’t killed first

Egyptians – Strong group who had chariots, they were strong in Northern Africa at least most of the time

Babylonians – Strong leaders, took over others in the area including the southern two tribes of Israel

Hittites – Created the chariots and Iron, fought against southern rival, the Egyptians

Where are all these located?

Hyksos

(“Shepard-Kings”) were a Semetic speaking people who came from Palestine to the northeast. They were pastoralist. The Hyksos excelled at war, possessing a number of military advantages over the seemingly more civilized Egyptians. The Hyksos brought with them the composite bow made of wood and horn layered together through lamination and bound with sinew that gave it a huge advantage in distance, power, and accuracy. They wore bronze body armor (the Egyptians had no armor at all), and they had developed a much lighter shield, which left them less encumbered than their Egyptian foes, whose shields weighed them down. Last, the Hyksos introduced into Egypt the most significant military weapon of the Bronze Age: the chariot.

18th Dynasty Rulers

Ahmose IWhen Ahmose (reigned from c1550 – 1525 BC) became king, Egypt was in crisis. It was occupied in the north and threatened in the south. It was a shadow of its former self. But by the time he died, Ahmose had liberated his country and started the new Egyptian empire.

Ahmose was 10 when he became pharaoh with his mother as regent until he was 20.

Myrrh and Pharaoh Hatshepsut

Akhenaten & monotheism• Changed his name

from Amenhotep IV.• Began worship of

Aten (the sun god)• Changed his wife’s

name from Nefertiti to Nefer Nefru Aten

• He claimed he was the only one who could speak to his god

• Moved the capital to Akhetaton now Amarna

• Changed to a more naturalistic art style

• Was erased from history

Tutankhamen, restorationist Boy pharaoh at 9 Restored Amon

worship Married his half-

sister Changed his and his

wife’s name back to the old religion

Grave found by Howard Carter, the first undisturbed grave and making King Tut famous.

Minoan Civilization on Crete

Heinrich Schleiman,Mycenaean Civilization & Troy

Early Greek City-States

Early Greek Cultural Contact

Greek Trade (Olive oil & Wine