CHAPTER 3RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the methods that the researcher has used in order to collate and evaluate the datain accordance to the goal of the study. It presents themethodologywhich is used to investigate and analyze theInnovations in Food Service Industry in Naga City. It also describe the procedures that were constructed in sequence to acquire the needed and most useful data and information to the study as well as details on how the accumulated data were analyzed, interpreted, and how the conclusion was drawn. The justification of the ways where the study was accomplished helps in giving purpose andstrengthto the validity and reliability of the collected information that makes this particularresearch practicetruthful and analytic.

Research is an organized effort withsystematic approachto investigate and find out answer of a specificproblem(Sekaran, 1992). It is something people carry out to find out things in a logical way and to increase theirknowledge(Saunders, 1997). The gathering of information depends on researchers intention and analyzing data to find out answers corresponds to the researchers question. The explanation of methodology thatresearcherused can vary depending on what the researcher wants to find out. There are two different types of research: pure and applied. According to Kumar (2005), pure research is formed using emphasis ofdevelopment, clarification,assessment, enhancement of common research procedure and system. Pure research or fundamental research is more academic and directed to expanding knowledge without any relation to a real situation. On the other hand,applied researchis more practical which analyzes a situation and solves problem that actually hasvalueto the real situation. In this study, the researcher used applied research since it includes theanalysisof a real situation, which is happening at the moment, and establishes a strong connection with the realindustry.Research MethodThe present study is descriptive in nature and will concentrate on examining the innovations by focusing on the answers of the respondents of the study. According to Creswell (1994), descriptive study will be helpful in order to present and show the facts about the nature and position of a given situation as it exists during the time or duration of the study, which enables the study to examine the different connections and relations, together with theprocedures, as the problem or phenomenon happens. In addition, it can also help to focus on the whole supply of knowledge regarding the different variables anddifferences, as well as regularities, therefore, it can help to motivate the researcher to focus on the definitions of the different vital terminologies in a manner which is unmistakable (Vallier, 1973, 217). With this, the said method had helped the researcher to describe, analyze and discover the differentproblems, issues and events, as well as the factors that are related with the situation, with the use of thecross-section process, or studying the event in one time manner, with the use of cross-sectional study (Rubin and Babbie, 2009).Cross-section offers different advantages and benefits. This is because of the fact that it enables the researcher to conduct the study in a short period of time (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2003, 182). As have mentioned, descriptive method was employed in the study in order to study the problem or situation as it exists, therefore, the use ofcross-sectional approachwill be helpful in order to come up with the results and findings based on the current perspectives of the respondents and based on the current studies, researches andliteraturesduring the time of study.3.3 Research MethodThis paper employed both qualitative and quantitative methodology, which means that bothnumericaland non-numerical data and information were used. With this, it had helped the researcher to take advantage of the different benefits of both methods. By using quantitative method, it is easier for the researcher to analyze the data and come up with the findings and results, consequently, conclusion and recommendation. On the other hand, qualitative method, as described by Denzin and Lincoln (2005), is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices which make the world visible. These practices transform the world (cited in Flick, 2008, 3). In addition, it also help to focus on the process of describing,decodingand interpreting the meanings of the different events, situations and phenomena where in the normal social contexts happen (Fryer, 1991). With this, it can help to support the numerical data gathered byquantitative method.With this, the use of qualitative method enables the researcher to gatherprimary informationor review of literature which are used in order to design the data gathering instrument used. This is also helpful in order to come up with the information that are needed in order to come up with theguidelinesregarding the findings and results of the research. On the other hand, data gathered in this method will also be helpful in order to support the different numerical data orvalueswhich will be gathered from thesampling population.Quantitative research involves the process of counting and measuring events and phenomenon with the use of different statistical analyses of a body of numerical data. Therefore, by using this, the study assume that an object truth that are existing in this world are all measurable and can be explained by different scientific procedures. With this, its center on the thinking that measurements are all reliable, effective, valid, efficient and generalizable in its clear prediction of its cause as well as its effects (Cassell and Symon 1994). In connection, this study take advantage of the different benefits being offered by quantitative approach, such as: affirm the research problem in exact or detailed; stating and identifying the independent and dependent variables that are under investigation clearly and precisely; pursuing and chasing the original set of goals of the research, which enable the researcher to arrive at more objective conclusions, test hypothesis, know the issues of causality firmly; obtaining high degree of reliability of the data that have been gathered due to the fact that different types of research manipulations can be implemented, such as controlled observations, laboratory experiments and mass surveys; avoiding or lessening the subjectivity of judgment; and enabling the longitudinal measures of succeeding performance of subjects of the research (Fryer 1991).On the other hand, this study also employ qualitative research. According to Morgan (1980) qualitative research shares the theoretical assumptions of the interpretative paradigm that is based on the notion that the social reality is created and maintained by the subjective experience of the people who are involved in the relationship or communication. With this, it show that qualitative research mainly centers on attempting to describe, decode and interpret the different meanings of situations and cases in the normal social context accurately (Fryer, 1991). Therefore, researchers are operating in the framework of interpretative paradigm centers on the procedures of analyzing the complexity, legitimacy, contextualization, shared subjectivity of the researcher and the subject, at the same time, it can also help in order to lessen the illusion (Fryer, 1991).In line with these, the study can take advantage of the different benefits of the qualitative research, which are: obtaining a more sensible and practical feel of the world which cannot be experienced and felt with the use of numerical data as well as statistical analysis, used in quantitative research; acquiring flexible ways of performing the process of collecting data, subsequent analysis, together with the interpretation of collected information; presents a complete view of the phenomena being investigated; offer capability to connect and relate with the subject of the research using their own language and terms; and offers descriptive capability dependent on primary and unstructured data (Fryer, 1991).With this, it shows that the application of both qualitative and quantitative method enables the researcher to gather more detailed as a support to the instruments used and applied in the study.

THE METHODSAccording to Finn et al (2000), there are essentially three mainstylesof research that include survey method, experimental method, and ethnographic method. Survey method is basically done by questionnaire, where the researcher classified a sample from a population to research, created questionnaire that includes number of questions relating to the subject, and distributed to the respondents. Respondents are then asked to answer those questions and the researcher finally analyzed the data and come up with new findings. It is the most commonly used in many researches because of its ease of collection of a large number of data in a relatively short period of time.The experimental method, on the contrary, is comparatively less common and characterized as testing variables under controlled circumstances to measure the effect of one variable to another. In the experimental research design, the independent variable is manipulated to find the impact on the dependent variables or it is done by controlling two groups and treating them differently in a certain setting that has already designed by the researcher. The researcher, in the process, must be careful with controlling other unpredictable impacts since it will affect the overall result of the study.Lastly, ethnographic method involves an investigation through observing participants in a daily life. Naturalism is important and one of its strengths because the research will consider not only one variable but also all the variables that are relevant to the situation. The everyday life is the setting where the researcher can observe the natural behaviour of the participants. It is a best way to observe and research about a certain practice or culture. Similar to experimental research, yet ethnographic method considers wider view and allows participants to freely express their behaviours and thinking.In this study, the researcher uses survey research method because it is considered as the best way for data collection as compared to experimental and ethnographic methods. It is also due to time limitations and good organization in data collection. Questionnaires were be set up to explore the thoughts of tourists in selection and service quality attributes of shopping businesses, and to know whether the shopping experience would have any effects towards their visits in Hong Kong. Questionnaires were distributed by the researcher by hand and collected immediately after filling in. Moreover, informal interviews were done to tourists to get better understanding of their individual shopping experiences and personal opinions.3.3 Primary Data CollectionAfter considering time, cost and quality factors, the primary research was done through survey method since it is considered the best way for data collection. In tourism research, it is hard to create and observe a setting and control groups because it is a huge area to control where too many variables affect the situation. Therefore, a research through a simple questionnaire would be convenient and easier to get information from a lot of people.Saunders et al (2003) suggested that questionnaires can be applied for descriptive or explanatory research. Descriptive research can be used to identify the attitudes or opinions. Moreover, Saunders et al (2003) also mentioned that in order to get detailed answers from the respondents mind, providing open question is useful. This was considered and applied in the designing of questionnaire used in this research. Considering that the objectives of this research is to know visitors attitude in selection and service quality attributes of shopping business and to know whether their shopping experiences have effect on the level of satisfaction towards their visit in the region, questionnaires for descriptive purpose is designed, distributed in selected locations, filled in, and collected on the spot. Interviews were also done to some other selected tourists in the same location. With the consideration of time as important factor, the researcher decided to use structured interviews with open-ended questions to keep it short and not to take up too much of the interviewees time. This approach was chosen to get diverse information and better understanding of opinions in relation to their shopping experiences during their stay in Hong Kong.3.4 Secondary Data CollectionThe secondary data collection process was through the suggested sources mainly the Census and Statistics Department and HKTB. Other press and news from Hong Kong Government websites, facts and statistics from the said organisations were researched, retrieved, and collected as secondary data resources that are used to generate analysis and discussion.Telephone contacts were organized to get in touch with specific members of organisations such as Census and Statistics Department and Hong Kong Tourism Board for the collection of additional information and specific figures in the analysis of tourism industry and market. The data collected in these specified organisations served a crucial role in providing demographics as well as essential information on the subject of the research study.3.5 SamplingAccording to Finn et al (2000), sampling is simply a process of selecting participants for a piece of research, which means to obtain a sample portion of the survey population. It is also suggested that the best way of doing research would be to do survey to all the population who are related to the particular research. However, it is nearly impossible to survey all the population, thus the researcher had to select a sample of the given population who will significantly represent the population. Sampling is carefully done so that research results are proven accurate and reliable.In addition, Finn et al (2000) mentioned that before the sampling process, the researcher decides who would be included in the sample, like classification by nationality, gender, age, occupation, and other demographic profiles. Moreover, the researcher decides when and where it would take place, for example one specific or several places in a certain period of date or time. The researcher has selected the Hong Kong International Airport departure area to distribute the questionnaires as it is best place where the researcher can find people from different parts of the world. They are perfect respondents of the study as they had just finished their trip and were about to head off their countries. Respondents were chosen by classification namely nationality, gender, age, and occupation to ensure obtaining diversified respondents. A total of 30 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents on three (3) consecutive Fridays at different period and immediately collected after it was answered. This is to ensure a satisfactory respond rate. All in all, there are equal distributions for both males and females (15 persons each) in order to facilitate diversity in opinion. Data collected are used to assess the differences in selection and service quality attributes between local consumers and tourists. Furthermore, tourists were asked to have short and informal interview using set of questions for better understanding whether their shopping experience is an important factor for visiting Hong Kong and if their shopping experiences would have affected the level of satisfaction during their stay. Interviewing them indicate getting more comprehensive points of view of the subjects. Their responses are useful facts that are integrated with existing facts in the analysis and discussion.3.6 Data analysis ProcedureAfter the tabulation of data of primary data, everything will be converted to percentage distribution. The primary data, which are the result of surveys and interviews, are arranged into graphs to show comparisons on the analysis and assessment of the differences in selection and service quality attributes between local consumers and tourists. Moreover, the collected data note the visitors attitude towards shopping experiences while visiting Hong Kong.The secondary data that comes from Census and Statistics Department and HKTB are referenced and associated on how the tourism industry in Hong Kong are affected by the complaint behaviour of tourist shoppers. Key figures and findings from these organisations provide a general picture of the whole industry. They similarly support and negate the findings of this research study.ReferencesFinn, M., Elliot-White, M., and Walton, M. (2000).Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, analysis and interpretation, Longman, UK.Kumar, R. (2005).Research Methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners, 2nd edn, Sage, New York.Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A. (2003).Research methods for business students, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, UK.Sekaran, U. (1992).Research Methods for Business: A Skill-building Approach, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Chapter Three. Methodology3.1 The MethodThe research operates within thecross-sectional design, as the researcher collects data usingquestionnaires, structured observation, anddocument analysis. The benefit of this shall enable the researcher to be able to focus on the breath of the research. Exploratory research enables the study to look at the problem in both descriptive and exploratory manner (Walliman & Baiche, 2001). This study uses the principal ways of conducting anexploratory studyincluding theliterature search, experts interview about the subject matter, observation and survey (Walliman & Baiche, 2001). It is planned that the questionnaire has the 5-pointLikert scale rankingquestions (Creswell, 1994). If possible, secondary data was used provided that it is applicable and relevant for the present era. Sources in secondary research include past reports,newspaper, magazine andjournal content. Current findings on journals and present information onbookswas used assecondary study. The analysis was carried out which can be considered as qualitative incharacter.3.2 SamplingThe research uses amixtureof random and cluster sampling. The subjects graded each statement by means of the Likert-scale) regarding the economic competitiveness of Local ICT Distributor inMalaysia. By employing the Likert- scale, the study would have an idea on the significance of the gathered responses. Moreover, it would provide a specific description of the answers imparted by therespondents, which would simultaneously assist the researcher to systematize appropriate finales andrecommendations. From the presentation, the investigator assembles data, collect published researches and investigation from various foreign and local universities and piece of writings from computer-related journals. The researcher also considers handing out of sampling questionnaires, interview arrangement and initiatecontent analysisfor theverbaland documentary materials collected. Subsequently, the researcher sums up all the details, build a conclusion and offer perceptive suggestions on the dealing with theEconomic Competitivenessof E-TECH IT.3.3 Study SubjectsThe subjects of this research are experts andindividualslinked and knowledgeable about the Economic Competitiveness of E-TECH IT. Primarily, a questionnaire with 8 to 10 questions was administered andsubjectsfilled it out as per requested by the researcher. Idyllically, the subjects responded on the survey-questionnaire through Likert scale with a 5-point scale in which the subjects are only allowed to choose 1 from the 5 choices. The correspondingvaluesfor the responses will be (Creswell, 1994):The researcher chooses to use the survey questionnaire as a means of gathering information. In this process the researcher was able to construct a simple material that can easy to use and follow. In addition to this, the number of copies of the questionnaire can be produced with respect to the needed numbers of samples that can be distributed through personal or mail method. In general, answers to a survey are standardized and objectified and these make tabulation effortless. However more significantly, the subjectsanswers on the free will for the rationale that there are no individuals to force them. The presented process was an excellent way in shunning biases (Walliman & Baiche, 2001).

Data CollectionsThe researcher initially sent survey questionnaire and interview requests to 60 respondents from different SMEs in India. Out of the 60 requests, the respondents acquired a total of 60 positive and complete answers, which enables the researchers to acquire a high response rate of 100%. The respondents were selected in random manner, where in the names of the willing employees in every SMEs were listed in strips of paper and drawn. This was done in order to prevent any personal bias from the researcher. On the other hand, another set of respondents, (9) were selected in order to undergo interview sessions. Due to time constraints, due to the schedule of the respondents, the companies and the researcher, as well as the physical distance of SMEs, some of questionnaires were sent via e-mail, and some interviews were done via phone. With this, it enables both the researcher and the respondents to get hold of their schedule. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were gathered by survey interview and questionnaire from the respondents. The questionnaire is consists of 7 questions which focus on the different factors related to the current practices of HR outsourcing in India, include the advantages and disadvantages of HR outsourcing. The survey interview and questionnaire instrument were designed with close-ended and open-ended questions. Close ended-questions help the respondents to choose the answer or responses that have already been given by the interview questions or the questionnaire. This was used in order to offer both the researcher and respondents the advantage of answering the questions faster and easier. According to Rubin (2006), this is important because the researcher will take time of the respondents, therefore, it is important for the questions to be easy to understand and answer. Conversely, open-ended questions or the supply questions are those questions were in the evaluator or the questionnaire does not supply the answer, which give the respondents the freedom to answer the questions based on their own terms and words. The main advantage of this type of question is that, it help the respondents to express themselves, without limiting the answers which they can supply. With this, the data gathered using this question will be helpful in order to gather in-depth data or information, at the same time, help in order to support those data gathered using the close-ended one.In order to make the analysis of data easier, at the same time, in order to make the survey questionnaire friendly to the respondents, the five-point Likert scale was employed and use. This enables the respondents to express the level of the agreement and disagreement to a specific statement given in the questionnaire (Underwood, 2004). Therefore, with the use of this scale, it is much easier for the researcher to analyze, describe and present the result of the study.

STUDY

Instrument designThe Innovation in the Food Processing Industry Survey questionnaire was initially developed by the Micro Economic Studies and Analysis Division and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The Small Business and Special Surveys Division reviewed and revised the questionnaire with input from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada based on feedback from questionnaire testing with Statistics Canada's Questionnaire Design Resource Centre.Chapter 3Methods And ProcedureThis chapter will discuss the method of research to be used, the respondents of the study, thesampling technique, the instrument to be used, the validation of the instrument, and theadministrationof the of the instrument.Method of Research to be UsedThe research described in thisdocumentis based solely onqualitativeresearch methods. This permits a flexible and iterative approach. During data gathering the choice and design of methods are constantly modified, based on ongoinganalysis. This allows investigation of important new issues and questions as they arise, and allows the investigators to drop unproductive areas of research from the originalresearch plan. This study will use the descriptive approach. This descriptive type ofresearchwill utilize observations in the study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell will guide the researcher when he stated: Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existingcondition. The purpose of employing this method is to describe thenatureof a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena.This study basically wants to prove if the industry practices of thepharmaceutical industryare ethical andlegitimate. Specifically, the study will describe how has the pharmaceutical industry defined the ethical practices of their medical representatives; the gray areas in the ethical practices ofmedical representativesin their relationship with thedoctorsthey deal with; the existinglegislationthat would check unethical practices in the pharmaceutical industry; and therelationshipof the identified gray areas the medical representatives and the doctors they cover both ethical and legitimate.The primary source of data will come from published articles fromsocial science journals, theses and related studies on medical representation and sale of pharmaceutical products as well as current legislation on the topic.For thisresearch design, the researcher will gather data, collate published studies from different local andforeign universitiesand articles from social science journals, arrange interviews; and make acontent analysisof the collected documentary and verbal material. Afterwards, the researcher will summarize all the information, make a conclusion based on the null hypotheses posited and provide insightful recommendations on the dealing with the pharmaceutical and medical profession.

3.3 Research strategyThe research was approached in a descriptive manner. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to describe present conditions, events or systems. As a descriptive research also, the study concerns the relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and processes that are ongoing, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing (Creswell, 1994). The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the representatives of the Malaysian commercial banks being surveyed.Fundamentally, a descriptive research utilizes observations and surveys. That is the reason this approach was chosen by the researcher, whose intention is gather first hand data from respondents. Furthermore, it also allows flexible approach that when new issues arise during the study, a further investigation can be conducted in order to fill the gap. Apart from this, the research will also be allowed to drop different unproductive areas of research from the original plan of the study. Above all, it will be fast and cost-effective.3.1 Research AimsThe aims of this paper is to gather bothqualitativeand quantitative data from the 3 selectedSMEsinIndiaand analyze it in order to come up with the findings, conclusions and recommendations about the subject of the study. Thus, this paper focus on establishing and creating instruments and approach in order to gather enough information to present statistics and non-statistical data to achieve the overall aim and objectives of this study. This chapter will present the different approaches, methods,methodologiesand instruments used in the study. This will explain the differentadvantages and disadvantagesof these factors used in this research. Thus, it will be able to justify the use or application of overall methodology used in this paper.3.2 Research OptionsGenerally, the study is descriptive in nature, with this, the study will focus on examining the current issues by focusing on the answers of the respondents of the study. According to Creswell (1994), descriptive study will be helpful in order to present and show the facts about the nature and position of a given situation as it exists during the time or duration of the study, which enables the study to examine the different connections andrelations, together with theprocedures, as the problem or phenomenon happens. In addition, it can also help to focus on the whole supply of knowledge regarding the different variables anddifferences, as well as regularities, therefore, it can help to motivate the researcher to focus on the definitions of the different vital terminologies in a manner which is unmistakable (Vallier, 1973, 217). With this, the said method had helped the researcher to describe, analyze and discover the differentproblems, issues and events, as well as the factors that are related with the situation, with the use of thecross-section process, or studying the event in one time manner, with the use of cross-sectional study (Rubin and Babbie, 2009).Cross-section offers different advantages and benefits. This is because of the fact that it enables the researcher to conduct the study in a short period of time (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2003, 182). As have mentioned, descriptive method was employed in the study in order to study the problem or situation as it exists, therefore, the use ofcross-sectional approachwill be helpful in order to come up with the results and findings based on the current perspectives of the respondents and based on the current studies, researches andliteraturesduring the time of study.3.3 Research MethodThis paper employed both qualitative and quantitative methodology, which means that bothnumericaland non-numerical data and information were used. With this, it had helped the researcher to take advantage of the different benefits of both methods. By using quantitative method, it is easier for the researcher to analyze the data and come up with the findings and results, consequently, conclusion and recommendation. On the other hand, qualitative method, as described by Denzin and Lincoln (2005), is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices which make the world visible. These practices transform the world (cited in Flick, 2008, 3). In addition, it also help to focus on the process of describing,decodingand interpreting the meanings of the different events, situations and phenomena where in the normal social contexts happen (Fryer, 1991). With this, it can help to support the numerical data gathered byquantitative method.With this, the use of qualitative method enables the researcher to gatherprimary informationor review of literature which are used in order to design the data gathering instrument used. This is also helpful in order to come up with the information that are needed in order to come up with theguidelinesregarding the findings and results of the research. On the other hand, data gathered in this method will also be helpful in order to support the different numerical data orvalueswhich will be gathered from thesampling population.Quantitative research involves the process of counting and measuring events and phenomenon with the use of different statistical analyses of a body of numerical data. Therefore, by using this, the study assume that an object truth that are existing in this world are all measurable and can be explained by different scientific procedures. With this, its center on the thinking that measurements are all reliable, effective, valid, efficient and generalizable in its clear prediction of its cause as well as its effects (Cassell and Symon 1994). In connection, this study take advantage of the different benefits being offered by quantitative approach, such as: affirm the research problem in exact or detailed; stating and identifying the independent and dependent variables that are under investigation clearly and precisely; pursuing and chasing the original set of goals of the research, which enable the researcher to arrive at more objective conclusions, test hypothesis, know the issues of causality firmly; obtaining high degree of reliability of the data that have been gathered due to the fact that different types of research manipulations can be implemented, such as controlled observations, laboratory experiments and mass surveys; avoiding or lessening the subjectivity of judgment; and enabling the longitudinal measures of succeeding performance of subjects of the research (Fryer 1991).On the other hand, this study also employ qualitative research. According to Morgan (1980) qualitative research shares the theoretical assumptions of the interpretative paradigm that is based on the notion that the social reality is created and maintained by the subjective experience of the people who are involved in the relationship or communication. With this, it show that qualitative research mainly centers on attempting to describe, decode and interpret the different meanings of situations and cases in the normal social context accurately (Fryer, 1991). Therefore, researchers are operating in the framework of interpretative paradigm centers on the procedures of analyzing the complexity, legitimacy, contextualization, shared subjectivity of the researcher and the subject, at the same time, it can also help in order to lessen the illusion (Fryer, 1991).In line with these, the study can take advantage of the different benefits of the qualitative research, which are: obtaining a more sensible and practical feel of the world which cannot be experienced and felt with the use of numerical data as well as statistical analysis, used in quantitative research; acquiring flexible ways of performing the process of collecting data, subsequent analysis, together with the interpretation of collected information; presents a complete view of the phenomena being investigated; offer capability to connect and relate with the subject of the research using their own language and terms; and offers descriptive capability dependent on primary and unstructured data (Fryer, 1991).With this, it shows that the application of both qualitative and quantitative method enables the researcher to gather more detailed as a support to the instruments used and applied in the study.3.4 Data CollectionsThe researcher initially sent survey questionnaire and interview requests to 60 respondents from different SMEs in India. Out of the 60 requests, the respondents acquired a total of 60 positive and complete answers, which enables the researchers to acquire a high response rate of 100%. The respondents were selected in random manner, where in the names of the willing employees in every SMEs were listed in strips of paper and drawn. This was done in order to prevent any personal bias from the researcher. On the other hand, another set of respondents, (9) were selected in order to undergo interview sessions. Due to time constraints, due to the schedule of the respondents, the companies and the researcher, as well as the physical distance of SMEs, some of questionnaires were sent via e-mail, and some interviews were done via phone. With this, it enables both the researcher and the respondents to get hold of their schedule. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were gathered by survey interview and questionnaire from the respondents. The questionnaire is consists of 7 questions which focus on the different factors related to the current practices of HR outsourcing in India, include the advantages and disadvantages of HR outsourcing. The survey interview and questionnaire instrument were designed with close-ended and open-ended questions. Close ended-questions help the respondents to choose the answer or responses that have already been given by the interview questions or the questionnaire. This was used in order to offer both the researcher and respondents the advantage of answering the questions faster and easier. According to Rubin (2006), this is important because the researcher will take time of the respondents, therefore, it is important for the questions to be easy to understand and answer. Conversely, open-ended questions or the supply questions are those questions were in the evaluator or the questionnaire does not supply the answer, which give the respondents the freedom to answer the questions based on their own terms and words. The main advantage of this type of question is that, it help the respondents to express themselves, without limiting the answers which they can supply. With this, the data gathered using this question will be helpful in order to gather in-depth data or information, at the same time, help in order to support those data gathered using the close-ended one.3.3.1.1 InstrumentationApparently, to evaluate the trouble at hand, in the statement above, the researcher prepared a questionnaire (see Appendix) and a set of guide enquiries for the conference that is solicited of future respondents. It was indicated that this would take not more than 20-30 minutes of respondents time. Moreover, gathered datas will be completely unidentified and not to be mentioned and if there are some queries that the subjects do not desire to respond, it was ordinary to be informed by the researcher. There is categorization conducted for each assertion in the survey-questionnaire by means of a five-point scale of Likert in which the subjects are given five options. The corresponding values for the responses were:3.4 Statistical Treatment of DataAs pointed out in the previous discussions, in the case that all of the necessary and applicable information were collated, some statistics were conducted to assess the associations, divergences and tendencies. Basically, goal of this paper is to establish the characteristics of the Chinese economy, developments can be reviewed; hence, the investigator will be considering the moving average for the time series of data significance. Once the trend has been established, the long-term trend will then be planned. Meanwhile, for the objective to identify the reasons why Carrefourchose to invest in China, frequency and percentage can be used. Moreover, percentage is considered in this paper to identify the amount of the answers to the survey. Subsequent to the gathering of full survey questionnaire, the researcher opted to consider some statistics to evaluate the gathered data. The statistical formula to be use are:Percentage to verify the extent of the answers to the questionnaire.SubjectsThe survey data will be taken in the participation of 150 subjects who are visitingFairPriceandCold Storage supermarketsfor the past three months. The responses of the participants are gathered and then, analyzed based on the six-point Likert scale. These respondents are selected through convenient sampling (Creswell, 1994). The data collected is measured throughfactor analysis, reliability analysis and conjoint analysis.Sampling DesignIt is impractical for the study to conduct a survey in the entirepopulationwithin the community therefore; there is a need for sample. Thesampling techniqueis appropriate in obtaining the representative sample. There are determined 150 participants in thecommunitywho responded to the survey questionnaire.Basically, these respondents are asked regarding their perceptionand preference with regards to store brands (e.g. NTUC FairPrice brands such as FairPrice and Cold Storages First Choice) and manufacturer brands (e.g. KitKat, Yakult and SunShine).InstrumentThe instruments provided in the method are the use of the questionnaires materials which are presented at the end of the study.Questionnaires are of a non-threatening nature that can be completed within 30 minutes. The respondents graded each statement in the survey-questionnaire using a Likert scale (Creswell, 1994) with a six-response scale wherein respondents are given six response choices. The equivalent weights for the answers are:Statistical TreatmentBasically, this study will be using SPSS program and the following Statistical Analyses in evaluating the gathered data and information.Descriptive Statistics -Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of weighted mean and percentage. Weighted mean is used to identify the average that considers proportional relevance of each component while percentage is used to determine the magnitude of the responses (Creswell, 1994).Reliability Test -Basically, the concept of reliability guides the researcher that there shall be the possibility to replicate the results of the research. Ensuring reliability, Cronbachs alpha was calculated in order to test the reliability of the questionnaire pertaining to the four products presented to the consumers. Reliability testing purports to determine the statistical accuracy of every question in the survey instrument which totaled to 120 items.Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, S.L. & Ye, K. (2002)noted that a factor is considered significant if its Cronbachs alpha was 0.70 or above.Multivariate Analysis -Multivariate analysis involves observation and analysis of more than one statistical variable at a time (Creswell, 1994). Multivariate analysis is useful in analysing alternatives especially of a selecting a product concept that will fulfill the needs of the consumers. Since the market environment is also very volatile, multivariate analysis is capable of analysing concepts with respect to new product trends and changing product preference of the consumers.Conjoint Analysis -Conjoint analysis is the statistical technique that makes use of trade-offs wherein these trade-offs will reveal relative importance of component attributes (Creswell, 1994). T-test statistics was utilized to determine evaluate the differences between the groups. T-test is the most suitable statistical technique to be used for this study since it involves a relatively small sample size and considering that the variables are normally distributed within each group and variations are not reliably differentInstruments to be UsedTo determine whether the childcare program provided by Tiny Havens bring beneficial effects on both the children and their parents, theresearcher will prepare a survey questionnaire which will be given to the intended respondents.Part 1 of the survey will ask for the characteristics of children studying in Tiny Havens according to age, gender, and number of years in pre-school and educational attainment of parents.Part 2 will determine the level or quality of childcare program provided by the said school based on the level of learning, rate of development and attitudes and behaviors portrayed by the children. The respondents will grade each statement in the survey-questionnaire using a Likert scale with a five-response scale wherein respondents will be given five response choices. The equivalent weights for the answers will be:Part 3 will identify the factors in which childcare programs available in the area differ with the manner in which they instill basic knowledge and behavior on children. This is for the purpose of comparing the program provided by Tiny Havens from other childcare programs servicing in the area. The respondents will also be free to give their own experiences, which are not stated in the choices.Database andRespondents of the StudyFor the database of this study, the researcher will gather data, collate published studies from different local and foreign universities and articles from social science journals; and make a content analysis of the collected documentary and verbal material. Afterwards, the researcher will summarize all the information, make a conclusion based on the null hypotheses posited and provide insightful recommendations on the dealing with organizational management.The general population for this study will be composed of past members of grief groups totalling to 30 respondents. The researcher shall also provide interviews for music therapists and the respondents.The survey will consist of three parts: the demographic profile of the respondents, theEffectiveness of the Music Therapy in the Grief Process and the prospect of music therapy as an alternative therapy for grief patients. Part I of the survey shall determine the age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and the employment status of the respondents. This will be crucial in determining the reliability, the validity and the intervening factors in the outcome of the study. Part II shall assess the effectiveness of music therapy in treating grief patients. It shall illustrate the different techniques and treatments that a grief patient goes through, the perceived effectiveness of the treatment in terms of the emotional stability of the patients. Further, the music therapy shall be evaluated in lieu with its ability to treat the patients in their grief. Part III shall identify the prospect of music therapy as an alternative treatment, the problems and the solutions that can be used to enhance the process.

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