ch. 29.1 – the sun chapter 29 – march 13 th, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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CH. 29.1 – THE SUNChapter 29 – March 13th, 2015
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VOCABULARY TO KNOW…
Photosphere – Chromosphere – Corona – Convection Zone – Radiative Zone – Nuclear Fusion -
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CONTENTS OF THE SUN
The sun is made up of…75% Hydrogen 24% Helium 1% Other Gases
It is powered by FUSION = where lighter nuclei is combine to make heavier ones
Thus, releasing LOTS of ENERGY!
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** EACH STEP RELEASES ENERGY **
#1. 2 hydrogens ( protons) fuse, the second p+ is neutralized by emitting a positron…so that proton becomes a neutron (p+ no pair created)
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2. Another H proton combines with the first p+no pair…creates a helium isotope (2 p+, 1 no)
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3. These helium isotopes, each with 2p+ 1no, fuse and release two protons leaving behind a “common” helium atom.
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** EACH STEP RELEASES ENERGY **
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ABOUT ENERGY…
Neutrinos (uncharged “electrons”… 1/10,000 the size of an e-) are also released and reach Earth in 8 minutes
Helium (He) product is 0.7% less massive than the Hydrogen (H) that formed it….
--that MASS is converted into ENERGYTHIS energy causes intense shine and heat.
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MASS -> ENERGY
1905:Nucleus of atom/fusion unknown…Einstein proposed: small mass yields large energy
This is known as the Theory of RelativityE=mc2
Scientists used E=mc2 to explain the sun’s huge quantities of E.
E = mc²E = energy M = mass of matter changedC = speed of light
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SUN’S STRUCTURE
1. Core gaseous25% of sun’s diametertemp 15,000,000 oC)
Super dense (10x that of ironheat & pressure cause atoms to separate into nuclei and e-s. (remember, nuclei are +)
Nuclei try to repel but heat/pressure force them to fuse.
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2. Radiative - Outside core 2-7,000,000oC E moving as EM waves3. Convection (30% of Sun) 2,000,000 oC E moving as convection (hot gases move out,
expand, lose E…become dense and sink back down in convective zone…repeats)
Corona is seen during solar eclipses
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ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN…
4. Photosphere gases risen out of convective (6,000oC)
5. Chromosphere color sphere 6-50,000oC g as shoots up from photosphere
6. CoronaTemps. spikes here (above 1,000,000 oC) ions can escape---this is solar wind.