Ch. 28.1 & 31.1

Living in E & SE Asia

Monday:Environment Terms due!Economics quiz

Wednesday, 4/29: E & SE Asia Test

Next Unit: Australia, Oceania & Antarctica!

Reminders!!!

Systems of Economics

Command Economy

Everything controlled by government

No private ownership (government owns all businesses, etc.)

North Korea, communist nation

Market System

Based on private ownership—people can own their own businesses

Little to no government interference

Japan, South Korea, Taiwan (democracies)

Mixed System: mix of bothSome private ownership, but also government

interferenceChina (communist) & Mongolia (democracy) went from

command to mixed

Agriculture

China: communist changes since 1949Great Leap Forward organized farmers into

large farming communities (communes), but gov’t decided which methods to use

famine!Reversed in 1980s (smaller farms, profits) &

farming became more productive

Most countries: rural-based ag. urban-based industry

Agriculture

South Korea Agriculture force = 12% of population Most work on small family farms Farm labor shortage because of movement to urban

areas use of modern machinery, more efficient farming

practicesNorth Korea

Agriculture = 25% of economy, 40% of workforce Organized into cooperatives, or farms jointly operated

by households Government-controlled crop production & distribution

short supply

Agriculture

Japan & Taiwan Largely industrialized, but

agriculture is still important

Challenges: Mountainous terrains (4/5

of Japan!) Income inequality (rural vs.

urban workers) Adaptations

Terracing Use of modern machinery Fertilizers Irrigation Farmers receive financial

support from government

Industry

Level of Development

Goods Challenges

Japan Post-industrial Ships, cars, cameras, computers, consumer goods

Global eco troubleLowering industrial prod, higher unemployment

S. Korea Post-industrial Ships, steel equipment, motor vehicles

Econ. Problems

N. Korea Falls behind competitors

Chemicals, heavy machinery, military equipment

Forced to trade with non-Communist countries

Taiwan Fully industrialized Textiles, plastics, electronics

Global eco trouble

China Continuing to rapidly industrialize

Textiles, clothing, footwear, toys, plastics

Wealth gap, rise of pollution & unemployment

Industry

Hong Kong & Macau

Hong Kong to China in 1997 (from British)

Macau to China in 1999 (from Portugal)

Effects: Both are major industrial

& trading centers wealth to China China prospers!!

**Both Hong Kong & Macau maintain a market economy**

Trading port in Hong Kong

Trade

Recently: more INTERDEPENDENCE (rely on one another)

APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Goal: Fair trading among member counties is efficient & fair Cannot achieve goals because there are still issues among

countries Trade disputes Political differences (communism vs. democracy, ex.)

China Trade stumbling block: treatment of dissidents, or people

who speak out against the government Harsh treatment of citizens China improving on human

rights

Qinghai-Tibet Railway

A way to connect Tibet to the rest of China

Response China: it will lessen

Tibet’s isolation, boost economy

Tibet: it will draw more Chinese to Tibet and dilute Tibet’s culture

Communications: Comparison

North Korea & China: Communist!!

Governments control communications, news media, and citizens’ access to the internet

In short…control & censorship!

Japan, South Korea & Taiwan: democracies

Free press!

Most own radios, TVs & telephones

Wide variety of information available (via newspapers, magazines & books)

Southeast Asia

Agriculture

Rice = major crop in Southeast Asia Good climate (warm & wet)+ fertile soil + H2O from

irrigation + stored H2O = multiple crops each year!

Done by hand because many people here do not have machinery Use knives, called “sickles”

Fertile river valleys & plains = source of livelihood. GOOD FOR CROPS!

Agriculture

Subsistence Farming (small-scale)

Farming just enough for family, maybe a village—not for export or profit!

In this region… Veggies Pigs Poultry Cassava (edible root)

Cash Crops (large-scale)

Farming (or extracting natural resources) with profits/exporting in mind

In this region… Rubber Coconuts Coffee Palm oil Spices

Resources: Forestry & “Black Gold”

Forestry (logging, etc.) is a major industry in SE Asia Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia & Philippines depend on

lumber for their economyNatural resources abundant, especially OIL

Malaysia: petroleum & natural gas reserves Brunei: High GDP because of crude oil, natural gas, and

petroleum products; accounts for 95% exports! Indonesia: largest producer of petroleum

Was a part of OPEC until 2008 Islands developing because of building pipelines, which carry oil

from drilling sites to the coasts for shipping (export = $$)

Industry

Others: not so much….why?? Wars in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia Political changes in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia;

instability in Indonesia Physical location: Laos is landlocked & must use

agriculture—hard to industrialize Economic isolation in Myanmar slow economic

growth Rapid population growth in Vietnam Lack of skills/skilled workers in Indonesia & Cambodia

Most countries in Southeast Asia are going from being agricultural to fully industrialized

Interdependence: Most countries rely on each other

ADB: Asian Development Bank

Goal: support agriculture, transportation, and industrial development projects

Provides international loans to the economies of Asian member countries

ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Goals: Promote economic growth Encourage cultural

exchanges among member countries

Provides cooperation for countries formerly @ odds

(there is no full-on economic or political unity, though!)

Strait of Malacca: shipping port!

This “choke point” (strategic location) allows Singapore to prosper as a “free port” Place where goods

can be unloaded, stored, and reshipped free of import duties

Most shipping between Europe & East Asia passes through here—near Singapore!

Communication services

Rural areas are improving because of satellites

This newspaper is one of the few available in Cambodia

TV & radio are controlled by the government in many urban centers, but are abundant (and free of government!!) in Singapore, Brunei & the Philippines