Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Art and Music—section 2Art and Music—section 2

Constant experimentation and a search for new kinds of expression

Strange and disturbing Great artistic eras/

Architecture and DesignArchitecture and Design

Modernism-A label given to the artistic and cultural movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which were typified by radical experimentation that challenged traditional forms of artistic expressionism.

Transform the physical framework of urban society

Chicago School of architects-Louis Sullivan Frank Lloyd Wright-radically modern

houses/

Architecture and DesignArchitecture and Design

Functionalism-The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve as well as possible the purpose for which they were made.

Le Courbusier 1887-1965 “a house is a

machine for living in” (pg. 861)

Towards a New Architecture Adopt latest

technologies

International style/

Frank Lloyd Wright: Fallingwater,43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh

Architecture and DesignArchitecture and Design

Walter Gropius 1887-1965 Founded the

Bauhaus school Working together

as a team Stress

functionalism and good design

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1886-1969 Director of

Bauhaus Escaped from Nazi

Germany Skyscrapers!

Bauhaus-A German interdisciplinary school of fineand applied arts that brought together many leading architects, designers, and theatrical innovators. (pg. 862-863)

New Artistic MovementsNew Artistic Movements

Increasingly abstract Break down into

Lines Shapes Colors

Whole culture emerged with new techniques Became political

Avant-garde artists=communism Many moved to US after WWII/

Impressionism

Early modernist movement Paris Portray sensory “impressions” in their work

and capture fleeting moments of color and light in often blurry images

Looked to world around them Turned back on traditional themes Capturing a fleeting moment was more

important than detail!/

Claude Monet

1840-1926--Sunrise

Edgar Degas

1834-1917 The Dance class

Mary Cassat--Child’s Bath

1844-1926 American

Postimpressionists and Expressionists

Added a deep psychological element Search within self to find inner most

feelings/

Vincent van Gogh-built on impressionist motifs of color & light, but added an attempt to search ones inner feelings

1953-1890—Starry Night

Gustav Klimt-abstract works rooted in emotion, in this case love & sensuality

1862-1918—The Kiss

Cubism

Highly analytical approach to art concentrated on a complex geometry of lines and angled, overlapping planes./

Pablo Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

Girl with mandolin

Picasso--Guernica

Dadaism—pg. 864 pic Launched during WWI Attacked all familiar standards of art and delighted in

outrageous behavior “anti-art” If life is meaningless, so is the meaning of art “Dada is the international expression of our times, the

great rebellion of artistic movements…Blast the bloodless abstraction of expressionism!” –Richard Huelsenbeck—pg. 865

Often artists wrote manifesto’s Richard Huelsenbeck’s Collective Dada Manifesto-

1920/

Surrealism

Influenced by Freudian Psychology

Portrayed images of the unconscious/

Salvador Dali

1904-1989 Metamorphosis of Narcissus-pg. 865

Salvador Dalí

The Persistence of Memory

Modern Music

Express emotional intensity in radically experimental forms

Modernism flourished in opera and ballet

Arranged sounds without creating recognizable harmonies

Did not begin to win acceptance until WWII/

Igor Stravinsky

1882-1971 Russian born

composer Ballet- Rite of

Spring(pg. 866) Caused near riot in

premiere in 1913 in Paris

Fertility rite on stage=pornographic/

Alban Berg

1885-1935 Composer Opera- Wozzek

Half-sung/Half spoken dialogue

Atonal music Depicted a soldier

driven by inner terrors to murder his mistress/

Arnold Schonberg

1874-1951 Viennese composer Broke with tonality

“twelve-tone”-all 12 tones of the scale were arranged in a n abstract mathematical pattern only observable by those who were educated and looking at musical score./

An Emerging Consumer Society

1918-1939 Consumption Leisure time- commercial

entertainment/

Mass Culture

New Consumer Culture Goods produced inexpensively and in many

quantities, easily transported to national markets Marketed through professional advertising

Leisure time Housework Travel Department Stores/

Impact

Consumption helped democratize Western society

Break social barriers Reinforce social differences/

“New Woman”

Surprisingly independent female who could: Vote Hold a job Fashionable Makeup Smoke Use sex appeal

Inspired by the fact that consumer culture was transforming the lives of many young women.

Stereotype to sell manufactured goods./

Critics

Left: Socialist writers Consumer culture

was undermining working-class radicalism

Right: Conservatives Destroyed the

livelihood of traditional artisans

Undermined proud national traditions

Religious Leaders:

•argued that it encouraged individualism and materialism

•destroyed morals and undermined spirituality./

Appeal to Cinema

Development First in US-1880 1910- “Movie factories”-LA and New York European nations establish their own Distraction and propaganda/

Gaumont Palace in Paris..largest cinema in the world (pg. 870)

Golden Age of Silent Film

1920s US and European studios

Germany’s Universal Film Company (UFA)

Theaters to seat thousands

APPEAL by 1920s: increasing 20-25% take in at least one movie a week./

Propaganda

Indoctrination tools Soviets and Nazis Sergei Eisenstein

1898-1948 Propaganda for Russians

Leni Riefenstahl 1902-2003 Triumph of the Will

1934 Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg/

The Arrival of Radio

1880s US and Britain major broadcast in the

1920s. BBC-National Broadcasting Networks Direct government in Europe Private ownership in United States/

Guglielmo Marconi

BBC

Radio and Propaganda

Platform for political speeches Roosevelt and British Prime Minister

Baldwin used informal “fireside chats” for support

Hitler and Mussolini controlled airways and speeches./