ch. 20: africa and the atlantic slave trade. the atlantic slave trade portugal led the way in...
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Ch. 20: Africa and the Ch. 20: Africa and the Atlantic Slave TradeAtlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade PortugalPortugal led the led the
way in exploring the way in exploring the African coast African coast Established Established
cities/factories for cities/factories for tradetrade
El Mina El Mina LuandaLuanda
Other nations Other nations followed Portugal, followed Portugal, brought competitionbrought competition
Development of Development of sugar plantations = sugar plantations = need for slave laborneed for slave labor
El Mina, a Portuguese coastal fortress
How Many Slaves Were How Many Slaves Were Exported?Exported?
As many as As many as 12 million12 million over four hundred years over four hundred years
High mortality + low High mortality + low birth rates = high birth rates = high demand for slavesdemand for slaves
Brazil received 42% of Brazil received 42% of slaves slaves
Trans-SaharanTrans-Saharan slave slave trade was mostly in trade was mostly in women in Islamic lands women in Islamic lands
Trans-Atlantic Trans-Atlantic trade trade took men for agricultural took men for agricultural laborlabor
Development of the Slave Development of the Slave TradeTrade
Portugal controlled Portugal controlled most of it most of it
From 1630 on, From 1630 on, competition increased competition increased
DutchDutch seized El Mina seized El Mina BritishBritish Royal Africa Royal Africa
Company Company Followed by Followed by FranceFrance Purchases of slaves Purchases of slaves
made through local made through local rulers rulers
Slave prices were Slave prices were based on the healthy based on the healthy male – male – Indies Piece Indies Piece
Triangular trade Triangular trade developed developed
African Slave Trade I
African Societies, Slavery, African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Tradeand the Slave Trade
Traditions of Traditions of slavery deeply slavery deeply engrained in engrained in economic economic systems and systems and social hierarchy social hierarchy
In Islam, slavery In Islam, slavery accepted, but only accepted, but only non-Muslims non-Muslims
Slavery and African Slavery and African PoliticsPolitics
Europeans tapped Europeans tapped into the established into the established slave trade slave trade Settled along the coast Settled along the coast Intensified the slave Intensified the slave
trade trade Warfare typified Warfare typified
much of Sub-Sahara much of Sub-Sahara AfricaAfrica
Ghana and Songhay Ghana and Songhay took advantage – took advantage – became became intermediaries in intermediaries in slave trade slave trade
West Coast: West Coast: Asante/DahomeyAsante/Dahomey & East & East
Coast: Swahili/SudanCoast: Swahili/Sudan Serve as examples of Serve as examples of
the impact of slave the impact of slave trade trade
AsanteAsante (Ashanti) rose (Ashanti) rose to prominence during to prominence during the slave tradethe slave trade Ruled along the Gold Ruled along the Gold
Coast Coast Ruled for two centuries Ruled for two centuries
(1650-1820)(1650-1820) Dahomey Dahomey
Traded slaves for Traded slaves for European firearms European firearms
Swahili CoastSwahili Coast on the on the East Coast of Africa East Coast of Africa brought ivory, gold, brought ivory, gold, slaves from the interiorslaves from the interior
South AfricaSouth Africa Bantu peoples in Bantu peoples in
southern Africa were southern Africa were organized around organized around small chiefdoms small chiefdoms
Southern expansion Southern expansion brought Dutch brought Dutch contactcontact Settlers moving Settlers moving
inland from inland from Cape Cape ColonyColony looking for looking for farmland farmland
British control from British control from 1815 led to warfare 1815 led to warfare with Bantu with Bantu Boer Boer Great Trek Great Trek
African Slave Trade II
Zulu Rise to PowerZulu Rise to Power Shaka Shaka chief of the chief of the
Zulu (1818)Zulu (1818) Created a powerful Created a powerful
state that survived state that survived his death his death
All of southern All of southern Africa was involved Africa was involved in turmoil called in turmoil called mfecane mfecane (1815 – (1815 – 1840)1840)
The African DiasporaThe African Diaspora
Slave trade not only Slave trade not only forcibly brought slaves forcibly brought slaves into a different into a different culture, it brought culture, it brought foreign products into foreign products into AfricaAfrica
The The Middle Passage Middle Passage was traumatic for was traumatic for slaves and often lethalslaves and often lethal
Africans in the Africans in the Americans often Americans often employed in employed in agricultural laboragricultural labor
Slave Societies in the Slave Societies in the AmericasAmericas
A hierarchy developed A hierarchy developed distinguishing distinguishing saltwater slaves saltwater slaves (newly arrived) from (newly arrived) from creole creole descendants descendants
Creoles could gain more Creoles could gain more skilled work in better skilled work in better conditions conditions
N. American slave N. American slave population had a higher population had a higher birth ratebirth rate Less need for new slaves Less need for new slaves More cut off from Africa More cut off from Africa
than slaves in other areas than slaves in other areas
End of the Slave Trade / End of the Slave Trade / Abolition of SlaveryAbolition of Slavery
Abolition resulted from changes outside of Abolition resulted from changes outside of Africa Africa
Main change was from European Main change was from European intellectuals intellectuals William Wilberforce William Wilberforce
British stopped the slave trade in British stopped the slave trade in 18071807 Slavery was finally abolished in the Slavery was finally abolished in the
Americas when Brazil stopped the practice Americas when Brazil stopped the practice in in 18881888