Ch. 2, Section 3—Spain in America

Main Idea

In the sixteenth century, Spain established and governed a vast empire in the Americas.

Key Terms

Conquistador tribute

Pueblo mission

Presidio encomienda

Plantation

Spanish Conquistadors

• ______________--explorers who settled in the Americas. They often received land grants from Spanish rulers in exchange for 1/5 of gold or treasure taken.

• Hernan Cortes landed on the east

coast of Mexico in _____, looking

for _____ and _____.• Came to Tenochtitlan w/500

soldiers, some horses, and cannons.• Aztecs conquered many cities.

– Cities were forced to give crops,

clothing, gold, and precious stones

to Aztec as ________.

Tribute--_______________________________________.

Hernan Cortes

• Formed alliances w/nearby cities.

• Cortes marched into Tenochtitlan, took advantage of the Aztec’s hospitality and then took __________ prisoner!

• Attacked capital in 1520, but was unsuccessful.

• Montezuma was hit by stones during fighting and later died.

• ______—Cortes conquered the Aztec empire.

Francisco Pizarro• Francisco Pizarro sailed down Pacific

coast of South America w/180 soldiers.

• Heard tales of very wealthy _____ Empire in Peru.

• _____--Pizarro captured Inca ruler, Atahualpa and destroyed much of the Incan army.

• 1533—Spanish falsely accused Atahualpa of crimes and ________ him.

• Inca were used to following commands from a leader. – No leader = ineffective fighting.– Ineffective fighting = loss of _______

Empire to the Spanish.

Francisco Pizarro

Why Spain SucceededHow could only a few hundred Spanish soldiers conquer

such mighty empires?

1. They arrived w/strange weapons—guns and ________--and fearsome animals (rode horses and had huge, ferocious _____). To the Native Americans, the Spanish seemed like ______.

2. Many Native Americans hated their ______ overlords and assisted in taking them over.

3. ________—played an extremely large role. Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases. Brought diseases on accident. However, ________ and other diseases wiped out entire communities

Spain in North America• Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and silver.• To try and find more riches, conquistadors decided to

explore southeastern and southwestern parts of North America.

• ______________--made the first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America in 1519 (east coast of ________).– He was looking for gold and the “________________”.– His explorations led to first Spanish settlement in the U.S. It was

called ___________________ (established in 1565).

• Many conquistadors searched for riches and lost their life trying because of stormy weather, lack of supplies, and illness.

• Searched for the “Seven Cities of _________”.

Seven Cities of Cibola• Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca—part of a Spanish

expedition to Florida in 1528. • 3 of the 5 ships were lost in a storm, the other two were

shipwrecked in present-day _______.• 1533—Cabeza de Vaca and other Spaniards set off on foot

on a 1,000 mile journey across the Southwest, arriving in Mexico three years later.

• Cabeza de Vaca told tales he had heard about seven cities with walls of emeralds and streets of ______.

• Stories inspired others like Hernando de Soto and Francisco Vasquez de Coronado.

• As they traveled, they took advantage of the native peoples.

• Normal method was to take the chief hostage and demand __________________.

Hernando de Soto & Coronado• Led an expedition to Florida and lands

to the west.• For 3 years, he and his troops searched

southeastern U.S. for gold. • Crossed the ____________ River in 1541.• Traveled as far west as _____________.• He died of fever and was buried in the Mississippi.

• ____________ led expedition to areas of northern

Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico.• Came to a town belonging to the _______ people.• Finally realized there was no gold and traveled

west to Colorado River and east into ________.• Found nothing but “windswept plains” and

“____________” (buffalo).

Hernando de Soto

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Coronado Expedition

Spanish Rule• Spanish established 3 kinds of settlements in the Americas:

1. ________ (towns)—established as centers of trade.

2. ________--these were religious communities.

3. ________--also known as a fort. These were built near missions.

Social Classes• Established system of hierarchal social classes from upper

to lower—these included:1. __________--they owned land, ran local govt., and served in the

Catholic Church.

2. ________--people born in the Americas to Spanish parents.

3. ________--people with both Spanish and Native American parents.

4. Native Americans.

5. Enslaved Africans.

Social Classes—cont.

• 1500’s—Spanish govt. granted conquistadors an __________, which was the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on the land.– This system turned them into slaves.– Many N.A. died from malnutrition and ________.

• Spanish priest: Bartolome de Las Casas condemned ______ treatment of the Native Americans. – Pleaded for laws to be passed to protect them.– Because of his reports, in 1542, Spain passed the __________,

that forbade enslaving Native Americans.

Plantation System• Spanish settlers made large profits by exporting crops

and other materials back to Spain.• Main exports from West Indies were: tobacco and

__________.• Developed a plantation system, which was a large

estate used for raising crops.• Spanish used Native Americans again—Las Casas

suggested they use enslaved ________.– Thought they could stand labor better than Native Americans.– By mid-1500’s, Spanish brought thousands from West Africa to

the ________. – Portuguese did the same in Brazil.

• By late 1500’s, ________ was essential part of the economy of the colonies.