Ch. 11 Vocabulary Review

Diploid vs Haploid

•Diploid—cell with two copies of every chromosome•Haploid—cell with half the number of chromosomes of parent cell

Homozygous vs Heterozygous

•Homozygous—having two of the same type of allele for a gene (example: AA or aa)•Heterozygous—having two different alleles for a gene (example: Aa)

Alleles, Genes, Traits

•Trait—A physical feature that is determined by a gene•Genes—portions of DNA that code for a trait•Alleles—different versions of a trait

Genotype vs. Phenotype

•Genotype—the alleles of an individual for a gene or group of genes (example: Aa or AaBb)•Phenotype—the physical appearance of the expressed allele for an individual (example: tall, green)

Dominant vs. Recessive

•Dominant—an allele that masks another allele when matched up for a heterozygous individual•Recessive—the allele that is masked when matched up with a dominant allele

Codominance vs. Incomplete Dominance

• Codominance—when two alleles are not recessive to each other, but when combined in a heterozygous individual, display both traits simultaneously•Incomplete Dominance--when two alleles are not recessive to each other, but when combined in a heterozygous individual, display a blended version of both traits

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

•Meiosis—the process of cell division where a parent cell produces four haploid gametes•Mitosis—the process of cell division where a parent cell produces two identical, diploid daughter cells

Crossing-over, independent assortment

•Crossing-over—the switching of sections of chromosomes within a homologous pair that occurs during Prophase I•Independent Assortment—the principle where a pair of homologous chromosomes lines up and is separated independently from another pair of homologous chromosomes, occurs during Metaphase I /Anaphase I

Sister chromatids, Homologous Chromosomes, Daughter cells

•Sister chromatids—two copied versions of a single chromosome (copied during S phase of interphase)•Homologous Chromosomes—matching pair of chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes (not identical)•Daughter cells—Two resulting cells that are produced during mitosis (identical copies of each other)