ch 11 sec 3 waging total war. quick facts about wwi years spanned-1914- 1918 us enters in 1917...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch 11 Sec 3
Waging Total War
![Page 2: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Quick Facts about WWI• Years spanned-1914-
1918• US enters in 1917• Russia drops out in
1917• War ends on
November 11, 1918.• Allies vs. Central
Powers• US joins the Allies.
![Page 3: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Size of European Armies
NationSize of army in
1914
Total number of soldiers who fought during the
war.Austria-Hungary 3,000,000 7,800,000
Belgium 117,000 267,000
Britain 975,000 8,905,000
France 4,017,000 8,410,000
Germany 4,500,000 11,000,000
Italy 1,251,000 5,615,000
Romania 290,000 750,000
Russia 5,971,000 12,000,000
Serbia 200,000 707,000
Turkey 210,000 2,850,000
![Page 4: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
America Takes a Neutral Stance• Just after the war began,
President Wilson declared that the US would stay neutral.
• Wilson’s response to the war reflected the long-standing American tradition of isolationism-a policy of not being involved in the affairs of other nations.
![Page 5: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Financially the US was NOT Neutral
• The US was supplying the Allies.
• By 1917 Britain was purchasing nearly $75 million worth of war goods from American businesses each week.
• Due to the British Blockade it made it difficult to sell goods to the Germans.
![Page 6: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why Does the US enter the War?• Germany was practicing Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare.-Germany did this as a response to the British Blockade.-May 1, 1915 the Lusitania was sunk (12,000 die-128 were Americans).
• Link
![Page 8: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
US enters cont.
-Wilson warned Germany to back off-they did somewhat & agreed to only attack supply ships.-However, less than a year later Germany sinks the Sussex-killing about 80 people. Wilson threatened to end diplomatic relations with Germany. Germany feared we would enter the war and agreed to the Sussex Pledge.-Germany would resume USW on February 1, 1917.
![Page 11: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
More Reasons why the US enters:• The Zimmerman Note-Arthur Zimmerman
sent a telegram to Mexico proposing an alliance. If Mexico would declare war on the US, the Germans would help them later. Mexico had no interest in fighting & the plan backfired. Britain also intercepted & decoded the note & gave it to the US.
• Russia fell into Revolution in March-it became questionable how long they would stay in the war.
![Page 12: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Final Straw• Mid-March 1917, German U-boats
sank 3 American merchant ships.
• April 2, 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
• April 6, 1917 the US joins the war on the side of the Allies.
![Page 14: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Americans in Europe• May 18, 1917, Congress passed the
Selective Service Act
• New recruits went through intensive training.
• The American soldiers who went overseas formed the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) - led by Pershing.
![Page 15: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mass Production• 4 Major steps were taken:
1) Shipyard workers were exempted or delayed from the draft.
2) The importance of shipyard work was emphasized.
3) Fabrication techniques were used.
4) The gov’t took over commercial & private ships & converted them for war use.
![Page 16: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
America Turns the Tide of the War• America convinced Britain to try the Convoy
System- this technique was successful, by fall of 1917 shipping losses had been cut in half.
• The US Navy also set up a 230-mile barrier of mines to keep the Germans out of the Atlantic-by early 1918 Germany was suffering heavy losses.
• One of the biggest contributions made by US soldiers was their enthusiasm & readiness to fight-the Allied soldiers were exhausted from 2 and a half years of fighting.
![Page 17: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Major Battles• 1st Battle of Marne, Sept. 1914
-Allies halted the German advance & saved Paris from occupation.
• Battle of Gallipoli, April-Dec. 1915-Failed attempt of the Allies to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war.
• Battle of Somme, July-Nov. 1916-First major offensive for the British, staggering loss of life.
![Page 18: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Battle of Verdun• the longest and one of the bloodiest engagements of World
War I. February 1916 – December 1916
• Two million men were engaged.
• The intention of the Germans had been a battle of attrition in which they hoped to bleed the French army white.
• In the end, they sustained almost as many casualties as the French; an estimated 328,000 to the French 348,000.
![Page 19: Ch 11 Sec 3 Waging Total War. Quick Facts about WWI Years spanned-1914- 1918 US enters in 1917 Russia drops out in 1917 War ends on November 11, 1918](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649ec95503460f94bd70d9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Collapse of Germany• November 3, 1918 A-H surrendered to the
Allies.
• November 9-socialist leaders in the capital, Berlin, established a German republic. The kaiser gave up the throne.
• Germany was too exhausted to keep fighting so on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 Germany signed the armistice.
• November 11, 1918 WWI is over.