Ch. 11 PPT NotesCh. 11 PPT NotesThe Triumphs and Travails of The Triumphs and Travails of

Jeffersonian DemocracyJeffersonian Democracy

Tmwk Ch 11Tmwk Ch 111. Pg 214 Which geographical area did

Adams win in the pres. election?2. Pg 214 Who helped Jefferson win

the 1800 Pres Election?

Jeffersonian “Revolution of Jeffersonian “Revolution of 1800”1800”

• Election with no clear winner: Vote went to House of Reps. Jefferson chosen Pres.

• Jefferson = 3rd pres.: advantage in counting 3/5 of the slave population because of southern white voters

• A “peaceful Revolution”: peaceful transfer of power to democratic-republican

• He hoped to check the growth of govt. power and restore the republican experiment.

• Federalist Legacy

Jefferson the ModerateJefferson the Moderate• Pardoned those who were serving

sentences under the Sedition Act.• Enacted new 1802 Naturalization

law: reduced residency requirement from 14 down to 5 yrs.

• Repealed excise Tax• Albert Gallatin – Sec of

Treasury: succeeded in reducing the national debt while balancing the budget.

JudiciaryJudiciary• Before Jefferson came to office,

Federalist Congress passed 1801 Judiciary Act: created 16 new federal judgeships.

• John Adams: appointed three Federalist “midnight judges” his last day of office. And appointed Chief Justice John Marshall at end of his term

• Republican Congress repealed the 1801 Act, eliminating the 16 judgeships.

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison• Formed the basis for the exercise and

establishment of judicial review: courts may interpret the Constitution by overseeing and nullifying the actions of another branch of govt.

• Helped define the idea of Checks and Balances in govt.

• Marbury had been appointed Justice of the Peace by John Adams, but his commission was not delivered – Madison had shelved it.

• Marbury sued: Chief Justice Marshall dismissed Marbury’s suit, explaining that the part of the Judiciary Act on which he tried to base his appeal was unconstitutional.

TmwkTmwk3. Pg 220 Name 4 Barbary States

Tripolitan WarTripolitan War Pirates of N. African Barbary States

blackmailing/plundering US ships in Mediterranean Sea.

Pasha of Tripoli dissatisfied with “protection money “ – informally declares war on U.S.

Jefferson dispatched navy to Tripoli 4 years of fighting: 1805 Treaty of peace -

US to pay $60,000 ransom for captured Americans.

Jefferson = Reluctant Warrior Reduce military force to 2,500 officers/men. Stay out of entangling alliances of Europe. Critic of a big-ship navy After Tripolitan war: advocated a large

number of small gunboats - little coastal crafts to guard American shores.

Land NegotiationsLand Negotiations• Spain ceded Louisiana area to France. • 1802: Spaniards withdrew the right of deposit

(warehouse) privileges given in 1795 treaty. • 1803: Jefferson sends James Monroe to Paris to

buy New Orleans and as much land west as possible for $10 million.

• 1803: Treaty signed ceding the entire Louisiana area for $15 million.

• Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of U.S.

• Jefferson felt the purchase was unconstitutional, but the deal was already done.

Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark• Spring 1804: Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark

to explore northern part of Louisiana area.• Lewis/Clark’s 2 ½ year expedition started in

St. Louis, along Missouri River: scientific observations, maps, gained knowledge on Indians.

• Demonstrated possibility of overland trail to the Pacific.

Aaron Burr ConspiracyAaron Burr Conspiracy• Aaron Burr: dropped from Jefferson’s cabinet

in 2nd term.• Burr joined Federalists to plot secession of

New England and NY.• Hamilton exposed & stopped Burr’s plan.• Burr challenged Hamilton to duel. Burr

shot/killed Hamilton.• Burr makes other plans for western part (trans-

Mississippi area) of U.S. to separate from the East.

• Burr was betrayed by General Wilkinson, arrested/tried for treason.

• Acquitted and fled to Europe.

Conflict with BritainConflict with Britain• Battle of Trafalgar: Britain defeated French/Spanish

fleets• Britain: 1806 Orders in Council – closed European

ports to foreign shipping, including American ships, unless ships stopped at British port first.

• British Pirates captured U.S. ships and impressed (forced) American sailors to work on their ships. (impressment)

• U.S. Frigate, The Chesapeake, had 4 British deserters. British demanded surrender of the 4 men, but American Commander refused. British warship fired on U.S. ship, killed 3/wounded 18.

• Britain’s action was in violation of US neutrality.

1807 Embargo Act1807 Embargo Act• How did U.S. respond to Britain firing at The

Chesapeake? West and South cried WAR.• Congress passed Embargo Act: forbidding the

export of all goods from U.S., on either U.S. or foreign ships.

• Embargo Act unpopular because it affected merchants and shipping-especially in New England and farmers of south and west.

• Didn’t effect Britain much: Why? Britain had surplus crops, difficult to enforce, Latin America was trading with Britain

• Illegal trade developed in 1808 and talk of secession occurred.

Embargo Act RepealedEmbargo Act Repealed• Response: Congress repeals Embargo

Act in 1809 and new act passed = Non-Intercourse Act, which reopened trade with all nations except with Britain and France.

Shawnees: Tecumseh and TenskwatawaShawnees: Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa • Pioneer settlers saw Indians as a threat in the

frontier areas• Shawnee Brothers – Tecumseh and

Tenskwatawa (called The Prophet), sought to unify the tribes east of Mississippi R. against American settlers.

• Urged Indians never to cede land to the Whites.• 1811 William Henry Harrison (Gov of Indiana

Territory), gathered an army to attack the Shawnee.

Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe• Tenskwatawa attacked US army. Shawnee

lost the battle. Americans burned the Indian settlement.

• Result: With the Indian loss, they won’t have a chance at an Indian Confederacy.

• Later, Tecumseh made an alliance with Britain to fight against US.

Jefferson’s LegacyJefferson’s Legacy• No 3rd Term for Jefferson• Both Jefferson and Adams died on July 4,

1826• Peaceful transfer of power• Political Compromise• Westward Expansion• Rise of Judicial Branch• Death of Federalists (literally)• 12th Amendment• University of Virginia

Division between Federalists and Division between Federalists and Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans

1. Ratification of Constitution–Federalists

**Federalist Papers – persuasive essays2. Bank of U.S. – Federalists (Hamilton)3. Strong federal govt – Federalists4. Strong States govt – Dem. Rep.5. Loose Interpretation – Federalists6. Strict Interpretation- Dem Rep7. Alien and Sedition Acts – Federalists8. KY and VA Resolutions: Dem Rep9. Pro-British – Federalists; Pro-French – Dem. Rep.10. Jay’s Treaty

• XYZ Affair French – Fail (Dem. Rep.)`

• In response, France ordered the seizing of merchant ships which entered British ports, including American ships.

4. Tmwk4. TmwkFederalists

A. Make T-chart: Federalists on one side,Democratic Republicans on the otherB. Discuss and write down the issues

that divided these two political groups.

Democratic Republicans

West in RED

Trip Home in BLUE