cgt/f{li6 «o ;fif/tf lbj; sf] %)cf}+ jflif {sf ]t;jsf cj .../cite> · lzifs

lzIfs c;f]h @)&# •

ljut krf; jif{;Dd cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj;n] ;fIf/tfnfO{ dlxnf, k'?if / ;du| ;dfhsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] Pp6f dfWodsf ¿kdf dgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

;g\ !(^^ df o'g]:sf]n] cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj;sf] 3f]if0ff u/]b]lv otf xfdLn] o;tkm{ w]/} k|ult ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ;g\ !(() b]lv @)!% sf aLr ljZjsf] hg;+Vof pNn]Vo ¿kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5, t/ ;fIf/tf ljgfsf lszf]/ lszf]/Lsf] ;+Vofdf klg @% k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] 5 . dlxnf ;fIf/tfdf j[l4 Nofpg] p2]Zon] w]/} sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\– $# j6f b]z n}lËs ;dfgtfsf If]qdf pT;fxk|b ;'wf/ Nofpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ;a}sf nflu lzIffsf] ljZjJofkL cfGbf]ngn] a[xt\ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gnfO{ g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 .

t/ of] kof{Kt 5}g . cfh klg Pp6f ;fwf/0f jfSo ;d]t n]Vg g;Sg] jo:sx¿ &%=* s/f]8 5g\ . tLdWo] b'O{ltxfO dlxnf 5g\ . xfdLn] ;+;f/nfO{ ljZjJofkL ufpF elg/xFbf pgLx¿n] e"d08nLs/0fn] l;h{gf u/]sf s'g} klg nfex¿ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . a¿ pN6} e"d08nLs/0fsf c;/af6 kLl8t 5g\ . oL dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ sdhf]/ :jf:Yo, zf]if0f / dfgjclwsf/ b'¿kof]usf b[li6n] ;+s6fkGg cj:yfdf 5g\ . pgLx¿ a]/f]huf/ /xg] tyf Go"g kfl/>lds kfpg] ;Defjgf a9L 5 . n]Vg, k9\g ghfGgfn] pgLx¿ cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u ug{af6 jl~rt 5g\ / ;d'bfox¿ snx / lx+;f lgDTofpg] u/LaLsf] b'irqmdf lkl;g afWo 5g\ .

cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj;sf] %)cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df

o'g]:sf]sf dxflgb]{zs Ol/gf af]sf]efsf];Gb]z

;]K6]Da/ *, ;g\ @)!^

cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj; ;DaGwL of] ljz]if v08 sf7df8f}+l:yt o'g]:sf] sfof{nosf] ;xof]udf tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .

o'g]:sf]n] ;g\ !(^^ b]lv ;]K6]Da/ * nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj; sf ¿kdf dgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . JolQmut, ;fd'bflos / ;fdflhs txdf ;fIf/tfsf] dxTj a'‰fpg' of] lbj;sf] p2]Zo xf] . o; jif{ cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf

lbj;sf] %)cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j …ljutaf6 l;sf}+, eljio sf]/f}+Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dgfOFb}5 .

lg/If/tfsf] csf]{ gfd g} alxis/0f tyf u/LaL ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ xfdLn] pN6\ofpg' h¿/L 5 .

lbuf] ljsf;sf] Ph]G8f ;g\ @)#) sf] k|0f ;d[l4sf] gofF ljZjJofkL vfsf lgwf{/0f ug]{ xf] . lbuf] ljsf;sf !& cf]6f nIox¿df Pp6f ljz]if nIo 5 M æ;a}sf nflu ;dfj]zL tyf ;dtfd"ns u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ;'lglZrt ub}{ hLjgko{Gt l;sfO k|j4{g ug]{Æ . ;fIf/tf g} ;kmntfsf] s8L xf] . dfgjclwsf/ / :jfledfgsf] Pp6f cfwf/:tDe xf] . u/LaL lgjf/0fdf ;fIf/tfn] cx+ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . n}+lus ;dfgtf / yk ;dfj]zL tyf lbuf] ;d'bfosf nflu klg of] TolQs} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . To;}n], cfh xfdL n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf gofF k|ljlwx¿df ljz]if Wofg lb+b} nufgL kl/rfng ug{ / gofF sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|j4{g ug{ ;fIf/tfsf nflu ljZjJofkL ;xsfo{sf] z'?cft ub}{5f}+ . xfdLn] x/]s cj;/sf] pkof]u ug{' cfjZos 5 . If]qut ;a} ;Ldfx¿af6 aflx/ lg:s]/ ;xsfo{ ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

;g\ !(^^ pk|fGt ;+;f/ lgs} km]l/O;s]sf] 5 . t/ x/]s dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ :jfledfg / ;Ddfgsf ;fy pgLx¿ h] aGg rfxG5g\ To;sf nflu cfjZos ;Lk, Ifdtf / cj;/n] ;';lHht t'Nofpg] xfd|f] k|lta4tf ;w}+ ‰}+ p:t} 5 . ;a}sf nflu c‰ lbuf] eljio lgdf{0f ug]{ cfwf/ g} lzIff xf] / oxL g} o'g]:sf]sf] ;Gb]z klg xf] .

• lzIfs c;f]h @)&#

cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj; ljz]if

hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf;dGjosf] vf“rf] 5

tk/fh kGtlzIff sfo{qmd k|d'v, o'g]:sf] sf7df8f}+ sfof{no

ut ;ftf ljZje/ cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj; dgfOof] . hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf o'g]:sf]n] g]kfndf s] s:tf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 <

o'g]:sf]n] g]kfndf hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] ¿kdf o; k6ssf] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf c+uLsf/ ul/Psf] OGrf]g 3f]if0ffsf rf/j6f dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f 5g\ ;dtf, ;dfj]lztf, u'0f:t/ / hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf] cj;/ . To;sf] xfdLn] g]kfndf kof{Kt ¿kdf k|af]wLs/0f / To;sf nflu g]kfnsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

g]kfndf o'g]:sf]n] ;g\ !((% b]lv ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|df sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ltgsf] sfd eg]sf] cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf ;]jf k|jfx ug{sf nflu ;d'bfoåf/f ;+rfng ug]{ / ;d'bfon] ckgTj u|x0f u/]sf] ;fd'bflos ;+:yf —h;nfO{ lzIff dGqfnon] k|fljlws ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5— To;n] ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/]/ hLjgko{Gt l;sfO;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbg ;S5 eGg] xf] .

o'g]:sf]n] s]xL 7fpFdf ;fgf k':tsfno, l/l8ª sg{/, a's sg{/nfO{ d2t u/]sf] 5 . Tof] klg hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] cEof; xf] . csf]{ xfdLn] g]kfndf ePsf s]xL k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{ k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ . Tof] klg hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] Pp6f cfofd xf] . oxL ;]/f]km]/f]df xfdLn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .

oL ;a} k|of;sf] k|efjsfl/tf rflx+ s:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 <hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] k|efjsfl/tf x]g]{ a]nf rflx+ eO;s]sf]

5}g . @)#) ;Ddsf] lzIffdf dfq hLjgko{Gt eg]/ ljZjJofkL Ph]08fsf ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|efjsf/L 9+un] rn]sf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|n] hLjgko{Gt l;sfOnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg d2t k'¥ofPsf] s'/f rflx+ 9'Ss;Fu eGg ;lsG5 .

oL sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ tkfO{+n] d'Vo sl7gfO s] cg'ej ug'{eof] <

o'g]:sf]n] ;/sf/ cyf{t\ cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb| cGtu{t btf{ ePsf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|;Fu ldn]/ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To; ;Gbe{df ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] :yfoL ;+/rgf gx'g' klg cfkm}+df d'Vo ;d:of xf] . ;fdflhs kl/rfns kl/jt{g eO/xg', s]Gb|sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf nflu kfpg'kg]{ ;'ljwf gx'g' csf]{ r'gf}tL 5 . lzIff dGqfnocGtu{t dfq geO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t / cGo dGqfnocGtu{t klg ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿ vf]lnPsf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ tL lgsfoaLr ;dGjo x'g;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{tkm{ hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf c¿sf] ;xof]u eP;Dd ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xof]u /f]lsPkl5 aGb x'g] k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] 5 .

of] klg csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] . :yfgLo txdf ePsf] ;|f]t kl/rfng ug'{ o;sf] d'Vo nIo xf], h'g x'g;s]sf] 5}g . To;sf nflu xfdLn] :yfgLosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{'kb{5, h'g sfd klg x'g;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

ljleGg lgsfoaLr ;dGjo u/]/ s;/L cl3 a9\g] t <Pp6} If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg lgsfoaLr ;dGjo u/]/

cl3 a9]df kSs} klg /fd|f] x'G5 . lzIff dGqfno cGtu{t cgf}krfl/s lzIff ljsf; ;ldlt 5 hxfF :yfgLo ljsf;, :jf:Yo, dlxnf dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw klg x'g'x'G5 . t/ ;ldltsf] a}7s lgoldt a:g ;s]sf] 5}g . sltko cj:yfdf a}7s a;]/ klg lg0f{odf k|efj kfg{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;}u/L lg0f{o ePsf] s'/f klg ;DalGwt dGqfnon] cfkm" dftxtsf lgsfodfkm{t lhNnf / ;d'bfo txdf cGt/lqmof u/]/ ;dGjo ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . 7f8f] -el6{sn_ ¿kdf eP klg t];f]{ -xf]l/h]G6n_ ¿kdf cfjZos ;dGjo x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

;/sf/n] klg ;fIf/tf k|j4{gsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;sf nflu ;/sf/ / o'g]:sf]aLr slQsf] ;dGjo ePsf] 5 <

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cGo lgsfoeGbf o'g]:sf] s] s'/fdf km/s 5 eg] xfdL;Fu lzIff dGqfnodf dGqLs} cWoIftfsf] o'g]:sf]sf lgldQ g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]u 5 . sltko b]zdf To:tf] cfof]u lzIff dGqfno eGbf aflx/ klg x'g ;S5 . To;sf/0f xfd|f] kx'Fr ;/sf/;Fu oy]i6 5 .


o'g]:sf] cGt/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . cfˆg} 5'§} s'g} Ph]08f geO{ o;n] ;/sf/sf] Ph]08f cl3 a9fpg] xf] . ;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf] …;a}sf nflu lzIffÚsf] sfo{qmd lyof] ;g\ @)!% ;Dd . @)!^ kl5 lzIff @)#) df o'g]:sf]n] cu'jfO u/]sf] 5, h;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5, cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o lzIff ;DaGwL d'2f nfu" ug{ ;/sf/sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{ xfd|f] Pp6f sfd xf] . tL Ph]08f cGtu{t ljBdfg gLltdf k'g/fjnf]sg, kl/dfh{g ug]{ k|fljlws ;xof]u rflxPdf xfdLn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5f}+ . o; cGtu{t hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|nfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .

hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf o'g]:sf]sf] ;xof]udf v'n]sf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf rflx+ s:tf] s:tf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <

o'g]:sf]n] ;g\ @)!@ df u/]sf] !)) j6f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] cWoogaf6 s] kfOof] eg] #% k|ltzt To:tf s]Gb| dfq /fd|f];Fu ;+rfngdf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| Pp6f sfo{qmd geO{ …d~rÚ xf] . h'g s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tj /fd|f] 5 ToxfF /fd|f] sfd ePsf 5g\ . sltko zx/L If]qdf /fd|f] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] sltko b'u{ddf /fd|f] 5}g . t/ klg s]xL b'u{d 7fpFdf /fd|f] klg b]lvPsf] 5 . h:tf], a}t8Lsf] >Lsf]6, h'g g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| xf], ToxfF /fd|f] b]lvPsf] 5 . oL ;a} s'/f ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] slt ;do lbg ;S5g\, :yfgLo txdf pgLx¿sf] slQsf] k|efj 5 eGg] s'/fdf klg e/ k5{ . cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|af6 vf]lnPsf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf kl/rfnsx¿nfO{ Pp6} vfn] tfnLd lbOPsf] 5, h'g kof{Kt klg 5}g . kof{Kt ;'ljwf gx'Fbf tfnLd lnPsf kl/rfnsx¿ cGo cj;/ kfP 5f8\g] k|j[lQ 5 .

csf{lt/ ;d'bfosf dflg;df k9\g] afgLsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . ;d'bfonfO{ cfjZos x'g] sltko sfd s]Gb|n] ug{ ;S5g\ t/ ;|f]tsf] cefjdf sfd x'g;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| / :s"nnfO{ hf]8\g ;lsPsf] 5}g . s]Gb| / :s"nnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] hf]8]/ z}Ifl0fs lx;fan] c‰} cl3 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 .

/fi6«;+3n] lbuf] ljsf; nIo cGtu{t ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf ;a}sf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;dtfd"ns u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ;'lglZrt ug]{ / hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf cj;/x¿ k|j4{g ug]{ h'g nIo /fv]sf] 5, g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ Tof] k"/f x'g ;Snf t <

;g\ @)#) ;Dd lzIffsf] & j6f nIox¿ 5g\ . tLgj6f sfof{Gjogsf nIo 5g\ . / tL cfkm}+df dxŒjfsf+IfL 5g\ . hLjgko{Gt ;LsfO of] !$ jif{df k"/f x'g} ;Sb}g . t/ hLjgko{Gttkm{ pGd'v u/fpF5 . ljut rf/, kfFr jif{b]lv lzlIft g]kfnL sfo{qmd eg]/ rnfPsf] 5 . o;} jif{ cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|n] lg/Gt/ lzIffsf] s'/f NofPsf] 5 . h'g hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf] Pp6f kf6f] xf] . csf]{tkm{ ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t Jofj:fflos tfnLdsf] s'/f cfPsf] 5 . Tof] klg hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf] csf]{ kf6f] xf] . o;}u/L cgf}krfl/s lzIffn] cfocfh{gsf] s'/f NofPsf] 5 .

o; k6s cl3 ;fl/Psf] Ps ljBfno Pp6f k':tsfnosf] gLlt klg hLjgko{Gt l;sfO g} xf] . gLltut ¿kdf x]bf{ hLjgko{{Gt l;sfOsf cj;/x¿ Nofpg] sf]lzz g]kfnaf6 ePsf] /fd|f] z'¿cft xf] . t/ sfof{Gjog s;/L x'G5 eGg] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . s]xL gLlt ;fFRr} sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5f}+ . x'g t ljutdf klg gLlt g/fd|f lyPgg\, sfof{Gjogdf dfq ;d:of cfPsf] xf] . @)!% ;Dd ;a}sf nflu lzIffsf] ;dLIff ubf{ yfxf kfO;s]sf 5f}+ . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfnn] ;a}sf nflu lzIffdf u/]sf] pknlAw x]g]{ xf] eg] n+}lus, k|fylds ljBfnodf egf{nufotsf ljifodf clxn];Ddsf] cj:yf x]bf{ g]kfnn] lnPsf nIox¿nfO{ blIf0f Plzofsf d'n'ssf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] u5{ h:tf] nfU5 .

To;f] eP blIf0f PlzofnL d'n's;Fu t'ngf ubf{ g]kfnsf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvG5, x}g <

@)!% ;Ddsf] ;a}sf nflu lzIffsf] ;dLIff ubf{ g]kfndf sltko gjLg s'/f ePsf 5g\ . k|fylds txdf #% b]lv #& k|ltzt dlxnf lzlIfsf 5g\ . #$ xhf/ ljBfnodf afnljsf; s]Gb| v'n]sf 5g\ . of] csf]{ gjLg s'/f xf] .

(* k|ltzt lzIfs tfnLdk|fKt 5g\ . tYof+ssf] lx;fadf x]bf{ blIf0f Plzofdf dflNbE; / >Ln+sf klxnfb]lv g} cufl8 5g\ . Tolt x'FbfxF'b} klg OGrf]gn] NofPsf] ;dtf Tolt ;xh rflx+ xf]Og . @)#) ;Dd sf]xL klg afnaflnsf ljBfno hfgaf6 5'6\g'x'Fb}g elgPsf] 5 . h'g sfd g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns, ;f+:s[lts / eflifs ljljwtf x]bf{ k"/f x'Fb}g t elGbgF t/ dxŒjfsf+IfL 5 . clxn]s} ultdf ;/sf/sf] nufgL u/]/ ;+ej x'Fb}g . Psflt/ ;/sf/n] dxŒjfsf+IfL nIo NofPsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ lzIffsf] ah]6 36fPsf] 5 . eGg] / ug]{ s'/fdf d'xfgd} ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] sfof{Gjog s;/L cufl8 a9\nf eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 .

To;nfO{ k"/f ug{sf nflu ;/sf/ / bft[ lgsfosf] e"ldsf s:tf] x'g'knf{ <

bft[ lgsfon] cfˆgf] If]q :ki6 kfg'{k5{ . clxn] klg g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] *% k|ltzt ah]6 lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] tnaeQf / ejg lgdf{0fd} ;lsG5 . To;f] x'Fbf o;n] ;dtf, ;dfj]zL, u'0f:t/ / hLjgko{Gt lzIffnfO{ s;/L ;'lglZrt ug]{ eGg]df s]lGb|t x'G5 . ;|f]t sd eP sfof{Gjog ug{ ;ls+b}g . bft[ lgsfox¿ klg v'nf x[bon] cfpg'k5{ . lzIff dGqfno klg of]hgfdf :ki6 ;fy cfpg'k5{ . s'g s'/f ug{ ;lsG5 s'g ;ls+b}g eGg] k|i6 x'g'k5{ . o; k6ssf] cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf lbj;sf] gf/f ljutaf6 l;sf}+ eljio sf]/f}+ eGg] 5 . of]hgf agfpg] klg To;}af6 xf] .



; /sf/n] lzIffdf ;'wf/sf nflu lg/Gt/ k|of; u/]sf] eP tfklg g]kfnn] c‰} ;d:of ‰]ln/x]sf] 5 . lzIffn] w]/} If]q

cf]u6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . lzIffdf ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr 5}g -vf;u/L pRr lzIff / k|f}9 lzIff tyf tfnLddf_ . lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ sdhf]/ 5 . k|f}9 ;fIf/tf b/ Go"g 5 / clwstd afnaflnsf cfwf/e"t lzIff k"/f gu/L aLr}df ljBfno 5f8\5g\ . 3f]Sg], k/LIffnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ k9\g], k9fpg] / lghL lzIff cToGt vlr{nf] x'g] g]kfnnufot cGo s]xL PlzofnL b]zsf] gLltut lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . Jofks k|of; / pNn]Vo nufgL x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ljBfno pd]/sf afnaflnsfsf] 7"nf] ;ª\Vof dfWolds txsf] lzIff klg k"/f gu/L aLr}df ljBfno 5f]8\5g\ . o;n] lzIffdf k|0ffnLut ¿kdf g} Pp6f alnof] j}slNks pkfosf] clt g} vfFrf] /x]sf] b]vfpF5— hxfF l;sf?sf nflu kof{Kt nrstf ckgfOPsf] xf];\ / h;n] ubf{ ;a}n] l;sfO k|lqmofdf ;xefuL eO{ cfˆgf l;sfO cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;s"g\ . o; ;Gbe{df hLjgko{Gt l;sfO ;a} pd]/sf dflg;sf lglDt pkof]uL x'g ;S5 . o;af6 JolSt / l;ª\uf] ;dfhnfO{ g} 7"nf] kmfObf k'Ug ;S5 .

hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] cjwf/0ffg]kfndf hLjgko{Gt l;sfOnfO{ cflwsfl/s ¿kdf kl/eflift gul/Psf] eP klg ;/sf/L gLlt tyf of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf hLjgko{Gt l;sfO c/Llts, cgf}krfl/s / cf}krfl/s lzIffsf dfWodaf6 hLjge/ ul/g] l;sfO xf] . h;n] l;sfOsf nflu l;sf?sf] Ifdtf, dfu / ?lrdf hf]8 lbG5, h'g ;do / kl/l:ylt cg';f/ kl/jt{g eO/xG5g\ -cfrfo{, ;g\ @)!$_ . hLjgko{Gt l;sfO ;fk]lIfs x'G5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿n] hLjgko{Gt l;sfOnfO{ e"d08nLs/0f cg'¿k …1fgsf] cy{tGqÚ, cfly{s pTkfbsTj / ;lqmo gful/stf;DaGwL d'2fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . t/, g]kfn h:tf ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿n] hLjgko{Gt lzIffnfO{ ;fIf/tfsf] ljsf;, cfTdlge{/tf, ;fdflhs lxt / cfocfh{gsf] dfWodsf ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ -lzIff dGqfno, ;g\ @)!%_ . o;nfO{ g]kfndf bdgdf k/]sfnfO{ ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ dfWodsf ¿kdf klg lnOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf hLjgko{Gt l;sfO hfGgsf nflu l;sfO, ug{sf nflu l;sfO, aGgsf nflu l;sfO / ldn]/

a:gsf nflu l;sfOsf] cgf}krfl/s jf c/Llts k|lqmofsf] lg/Gt/ ofqfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 -o'g]:sf], ;g\ !((^_ .

hLjge/ l;Sg ;Sg] / ;dfhdf eO/x]sf] ljsf;;Fu 3'nldn x'Fb} cufl8 a9\g dflg;n] l;sfOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/xg'kg]{df hLjgko{Gt l;sfOn] hf]8 lbG5 . sfd u/]/ vfg] sd lzlIft ;d"x, ljBfnoaflx/ /x]sf o'jf, yk lzIff lng rfx]sf t/ ljBfno jf z}lIfs ;+:yfdf uP/ lzIff lng g;Sg] dflg;x¿n] v'nf tyf b"/ lzIff h:tf nrs / l;sfOsf j}slNks dfWodsf] pkof]u u/L hLjgko{Gt l;sfOdf ;xefuL x'g ;S5g\ . /fli6«o gLlt tyf k|0ffnLn] ;a} l;sf?nfO{ h'g;'s} of]Uotf / :yfgsf eP klg e]befj gul/sg l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . To;sf nflu ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] vfFrf] k5{ / ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / sfo{ut hLjgsf cf}krfl/s, cgf}krfl/s / c/Llts kIfx¿ ;dflji6 ePsf] Pp6f gofF ljifosf] vfFrf] k5{ . hLjgko{Gt l;sfOn] of] vfFrf] k"/f u5{ . hLjgko{Gt l;sfO k|0ffnLn] tLg cf]6f l;4fGtnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 M -!_ hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf ljleGg :j¿kx¿sf] qmd, -@_ l;sfOsf cf}krfl/s, cgf}krfl/s / c/Llts dfWodx¿aLrsf] cGt/lqmof / PsLs/0f h;n] ubf{ hLjgsf x/]s If]q -ljBfno, sfo{ If]q, ;fdflhs / JolStut hLjg_ df l;sfO lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5Ù / -#_ v'nf tyf b"/ lzIffsf] pkof]u ug]{ hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] gofF sfo{ 9fFrfnfO{ l;sfOsf] /fli6«o d"Nofª\sg, k|df0fLs/0f / dfGotf;lxt d"nwf/sf] lzIffsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ c+usf ¿kdf cjnDag ul/g'k5{ -zdf{, ;g\ @)!!_ .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf s]xL cfwf/e"t tŒjx¿ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M !_ hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] cfwf/lznfsf ¿kdf ;fIf/tf, -@_ dflg;n] hLjge/ l;Sg ;S5 eGg] ljZjf; / o;sf] jf:tljstf, -#_ ;kmn hLjgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk, 1fg / clej[lQ xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|of;x¿, -$_ l;sfO ljleGg dfWodaf6 / ljleGg 7fpFdf x'g ;S5 . h:t}, cf}krfl/s z}lIfs ;+:yfsf dfWodaf6 / /f]huf/, gful/s ;xeflutf, v'nf tyf b"/ lzIff / :j;~rflnt c/Llts lqmofsnfk h:tf cgf}krfl/s÷c/Llts cg'ejx¿af6 klg l;sfO x'g ;S5Ù / -%_ JolStut leGgtfcg';f/ PsLs[t ;xof]uL k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf h;n] JolStnfO{ bIftf / cfTdlg0f{osf] Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ k|]l/t

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|dfkm{t hLjgko{Gt l;sfO

k|f= 6+sgfy zdf{

hLjge/ l;Sg ;Sg] / ;dfhdf eO/x]sf] ljsf;;“u 3'nldn x'“b} cufl8 a9\g dflg;n] l;sfOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/xg'kg]{df hLjgko{Gt l;sfOn] hf]8 lbG5 .


u5{g\ . ;/sf/n] l;sfOsf v'nf, nrs / ljljw dfWodx¿ l;h{gf ug'{k5{ / o:tf] l;sfOsf] d"Nofª\sg / k|df0fLs/0f ub}{ dfGotf lbg'k5{ .

hLjgko{Gt l;sfO :yns'g} klg ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] ;a}sf nflu hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf dfWodaf6 JolStnfO{ ;zStLs/0f ug]{, ;fIf/tf k|j4{g ug]{, ;d'bfosf] ljsf; ug]{ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] cfodf j[l4 u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] xf] . csf]{ zAbdf, ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] d'Vo hf]8 dflg;nfO{ Go"g cfo -OGsd kf]e6L{_ / Go"g Ifdtf -Sofkflaln6L kf]e6L{_ ;Fu h'Wg ;Sg] agfpg' xf] . o; ;Gbe{df ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|n] ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt, lk5l8Psf / ;LdfGts[t ;d"xx¿nfO{ l;h{gzLn x'g, ljZn]if0ffTds x'g, pTkfbgzLn x'g / cfˆgf] lg0f{o cfkm}+ ug{ ;Sg] agfpg gofF If]q k|bfg u5{ .

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| :yfgLo JolStx¿sf] cwLgdf x'G5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng klg pgLx¿n] g} u5{g\ . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf cfjZostf ;Daf]wg x'g] l;sfO lqmofsnfkx¿ cfof]hgf u5{g\ . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|nfO{ ;d'bfoleqsf dflg;x¿sf] l;sfO s]Gb|sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;n] hg;xeflutf, ljljw lsl;dsf z}lIfs lqmofsnfk / JolStut ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5 . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|n] cg'ejdf hf]8 lbG5 . To;}n] o;n] kf7\oqmdnfO{ :yfgLo hLjg k4lt;Fu hf]8\5 . o;n] ;a}sf] kx'Frof]Uo v'nf / l;sf? s]lGb|t ljlw / :j–l;sfOdf hf]8 lbG5 . o;n] ljleGg txsf z}lIfs tyf tfnLd sfo{qmd k|bfg u5{ / o;sf nflu z}lIfs k|ljlw / l;sfOsf ;|f]t;fwgsf] k|of]u u5{ . t;y{ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| l;sfOsf] Pp6f ;zSt :yn aGg ;S5 . o;n] ;a}sf l;sfO cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ;S5 .

b]zsf ljleGg efudf ;~rflnt !# cf]6f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] ;~rfng ;kmn ePkl5 o;af6 k|]l/t eO{ o'g]:sf]n] ;g\ @))# df dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qdf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] lj:tf/ sfo{ z'¿ u¥of] . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] ;DefJotf ;sf/fTds x'g] 7fgL o;n] cgf}krfl/s lzIff / ;fIf/tfsf dfWodaf6 :yfgLo dflg;sf] ;zStLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] eGb} g]kfn ;/sf/n] Toltj]nf sfod /x]sf @)% lgjf{rg If]qdWo] k|To]sdf Pp6f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . kl/0ffdtM ;a}sf nflu lzIff sfo{qmd @))$–@)!% -lzIff dGqfno, ;g\ @))#_ / ljBfno If]q ;'wf/

of]hgf @))(–@)!% -lzIff dGqfno, ;g\ @))(_ n] klg :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ l;sfOsf cj;/nufot cGo :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ v'nf /fVg ljz]if u/L u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿sf] ;ª\Vof j[l4 ug'{kg]{ l;kmfl/z u¥of] . g]kfn ;/sf/, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / o'g]:sf] g]kfnsf] kxndf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿sf] qmdzM lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf b]zdf @ xhf/ !@) cf]6f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ -cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|, ;g\ @)!%_ . tLdWo] clwsf+z u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] dxŒj lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf] b]lvP tfklg dflg;df ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] :ki6 cjwf/0ff c‰} eOg;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .

hLjgko{Gt l;sfO k|j4{g;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|n] ;d'bfosf x/]s JolStnfO{ l;sfOsf ljleGg pkfox¿ b]vfpFb} nrstf, ljsNk / l;Sg] ljleGg dfWod v'nf /fV5 . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|df l;sfOdf nrstf x'g] / ljleGg dfWoddf lzIf0f x'g] x'Fbf o;n] hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] dxŒj a9fPsf] 5 . ef}uf]lns b"/L, ;do / z}lIfs txn] hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] kx'Frdf afwf k'¥ofpFb}g . ;fd'bflos s]Gb|n] v'nf / b"/ lzIffdfkm{t ;xof]u ug]{ gofF hLjgko{Gt l;sfO sfo{qmdn] ljleGg z}lIfs ;+:yf / sfo{qmdx¿aLrdf a[xt\ ;fd~h:otf / ;dGjosf] cfwf/ v8f u5{ . o;n] c‰ /fd|f] / c‰ nrsbf/ l;sfOsf dfWod l;h{gf u5{ . o;n] cfwf/e"t lzIff, pRr lzIff, Jofj;flos lzIff / k|f}9 lzIffsf ;fy} >d ahf/nfO{ Pscsf{df hf]8\5 . l;4fGttM o;n] ljBfno, k|f/lDes lzIff ;fy} k|f}9 lzIff, Jofj;flos lzIff / tfnLd ;+:yf, ljZjljBfno, 6«]8 o'lgog / pBf]u Joj;fo h:tf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ /rgfTds ax; ug{ k|]l/t u5{ -6f]/];, ;g\ @)!$_ .

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿n] ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:ox¿sf l;sfO cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;S5g\ lsgeg] M -s_ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿sf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng ;d'bfosf ;b:on] g} u5{g\ / pgLx¿n] ckgTjsf] dx;"; u5{g\Ù -v_ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf sfo{qmdx¿ cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ / ;d'bfosf ;b:osf l;sfO cfjZostf k"/f ug{ tL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/G5Ù -u_ l;sfO lqmofsnfkx¿ ljleGg ljsNkx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ ldNg] u/L nrsbf/ x'G5g\ h;n] ubf{ ljBfnoaflx/ /x]sf o'jf, sfd ug]{ dlxnf tyf k'?if / l;Sg rfxg] ;a}

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] ljsf;df ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:osf] ;r]tgf lgdf{0f ug'{ tyf ;lqmo ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{ / o;sf] k|ult cg'udg ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ /x]sf] 5 .



l;sf?sf l;sfO cfjZostf k"/f x'G5g\Ù -3_ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿n] k|f/lDes afn ljsf;b]lv ljZjljBfno;Ddsf l;sfO cg'ejx¿ k|bfg u5{g\ ;fy} hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk l;sfOsf cg'ej / o'jf tyf k|f}9sf nflu cfocfh{gsf ;Lkx¿ l;sfpF5g\Ù -ª_ ;d'bfosf k|To]s ;b:osf l;sfO cfjZostf k"/f x'g] u/L ;fIf/tf, cf}krfl/s, cgf}krfl/s / c/Llts l;sfO ljlwx¿ PsLs[t u5{g\Ù -r_ v'nf / b"/ l;sfO, j]adf cfwfl/t l;sfO, l;sfO ;|f]t s]Gb|, sfddf cfwfl/t l;sfO lqmofsnfk cflbsf dfWodaf6 lzIf0f l;sfOsf nrs ljlwdf l;sf?sf OR5fg';f/sf ljleGg lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng u5{g\Ù -5_ art tyf C0f ;d"x ;~rfng u5{g\, ;xsf/L ;~rfng u5{g\, pTkfbgzLn pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ l;sfpF5g\, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] cfk"mnfO{ cfjZos hfgsf/L tyf l;sfOsf ;|f]tx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ;"rgf s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g\Ù -h_ ;DalGwt dGqfno / ljefu;Fu ;xsfo{ / g]6js{ lj:tf/ u/L s[lif lj:tf/, :jf:Yo lzIff tyf ;]jf, pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; / cGo pkof]uL ;]jfx¿sf] ;d'bfo:t/df k|aGw ug{ ;S5g\Ù / -‰_ ljBfno hfg] afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfno afx]ssf ;dodf l;sfOdf ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .

r'gf}tLljleGg ;Defjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfndf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿sf s]xL r'gf}tL / ;Lldttfx¿ 5g\ . ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿n] cfly{s cefj ‰]ln/x]sf 5g\ . l;sfO k"jf{wf/x¿ klg /fd|f 5}gg\ . kof{Kt ;|f]t;fwg, alnof] gLltut Joj:yf / sfg"gL cfwf/ clg gful/ssf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / clt ;dlk{t Joj:yfkg ;d"x eP dfq ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿n] ;a}sf nflu hLjgko{Gt l;sfO k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g\ .

oL cfjZostfx¿sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ePdf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|x¿n] hLjgko{Gt l;sfO;Fu ;DalGwt z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ k|bfg u/L JolStnfO{ lhpg ;xh agfpF5g\ . cfˆgf] k"0f{ Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;3fpF5g\ . ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg / sfd ug{ ;xof]u u5{g\ . ljsf;sf sfddf k"0f{¿kn] ;xefuL x'g ;3fpF5g\ .

hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . ;';"lrt lg0f{o ug{ / l;sfOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;xof]u u5{g\ .

;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] ljsf;df ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:osf] ;r]tgf lgdf{0f ug'{ tyf ;lqmo ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{ / o;sf] k|ult cg'udg ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / sfo{qmdsf] 5gf]6, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog / cg'udgdf pgLx¿sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|j4{gsf nflu cTofjZos dflgG5 . o;sf cltl/St, ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|df ;xefuL x'g]x¿sf] ;zStLs/0f / ;dfj]lztf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|df cfwfl/t hLjgko{Gt l;sfO sfo{qmdsf nflu Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . t/, ;d'bfosf ;a}nfO{ l;sfO k|lqmofdf s;/L ;fd]n u/fpg] / pgLx¿sf nflu ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|nfO{ ;|f]t;fwg ;DkGg s;/L agfpg] eGg] s'/f r'gf}tLsf] ljifo xf] .

hLjgko{Gt l;sfOnfO{ cf}krfl/s l;sfOn] cf]‰]ndf kf/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf o;nfO{ Tolt w]/} rf;f] lbOPsf] 5}g . o;nfO{ gLltut b:tfj]hx¿df klg :ki6 pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g . g t /fli6«o:t/df g} kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{, ;fIf/tf, k|f}9 lzIff / hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf] Pp6f lj:tfl/t b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] dxŒj a'‰fpg ;/sf/nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug]{ / cgf}krfl/s lzIff / hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf nflu cfly{s ;|f]t a9fpg s;/L 3r3rfpg] eGg] s'/f csf]{ r'gf}tLsf] ljifo xf] .

cgf}krfl/s / c/Llts l;sfOnfO{ dfGotf lbg / j}wtf k|dfl0ft ug{ /fli6«o of]Uotf k|0ffnL 5}g . g]kfnn] hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] k|0ffnLut ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o of]Uotf k|0ffnL gePsf] cj:yfdf cgf}krfl/s÷c/Llts l;sfO k|lqmofdf ;xefuL eO{ l;Sg l;sf?nfO{ k|]l/t ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . l;sfOsf ljleGg ;|f]tx¿, :j–cWoog Kofs]h, tfnLdk|fKt ;xhstf{, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw;lxt sDKo'6/af6 l;Sg] ljlwnufot ;'ljwf;DkGg v'nf l;sfO ;|f]t s]Gb| hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf nflu rflxg] cfjZostfx¿ x'g\ . k|To]s ;fd'bflos s]Gb|df logsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . ;a} ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|df l;sf? s]lGb|t l;sfO ;|f]t s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{ z'¿df 7"nf] nufgL rflxG5 .

g]kfnsf s]xL z}lIfs cf“s8f


hLjgko{Gt l;sfO uGtJo lzv/fk'/

sf7df8f}+sf] blIf0fsfnLdf @)^# df :yfgLosf] k|of;df z'¿ ul/Psf] lzv/fk'/ ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| cgf}krfl/s lzIff, ;fIf/tf, ;Lk, cfocfh{g tyf o'jf÷dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L tyf ;d'bfosf] ;du| ljsf;df lqmofzLn 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do v'nf lzIff, j}slNks lzIff, dlxnf lzIff, ;fIf/f]Q/ lzIff tyf jx'cfoflds l;sfO k4ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no tyf o'g]:sf] sf7df8f}+n] o;nfO{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|sf ¿kdf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . kmlk{ª ;d'bfonfO{ v'nf ljBfnosf ¿kdf l;Sg], l;sfpg] ;f‰f rf}tf/Lsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIosf ;fy ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| / o;sf cfofdaf/] cWoog, cGj]if0f ug]{ uGtJosf ¿kdf klg o;sf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . lzIff dGqfno, cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|, o'g]:sf]sf nflu g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]u, o'g]:sf] sf7df8f}+ tyf ;Da4 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df afnaflnsf, o'jf, dlxnfb]lv jo:s;DdnfO{ Pp6} 5fgfd'lg /fv]/ l;Sg] l;sfpg] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt 5g\ . lgoldt ljBfno lzIffaf6 al~rt afnaflnsfsf nflu j}slNks ljBfno, v'nf ljBfno tyf ljBfnodf 6]Sg} gkfPsfx¿nfO{ dlxnf ljBfnodfkm{t lzIff lbOFb} cfPsf] 5 .

kl5Nnf] ;do ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|aLr cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug]{, s]Gb|sf sfdnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ tyf s]Gb| Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} Joj:yfksLo tfnLd, c;n cEof;;DjGwL cg'ej cfbfgk|bfgnufotdf klg lzv/fk'/ ;lqmo 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf ;fy} cfly{s ¿kdf ;zQm agfpg lzv/fk'/ lbuf] s[ifs kf7zfnf÷af]tn xfp; kl/of]hgf z'? ul/Psf] 5 . h;dfkm{t o'jf :j/f]huf/Lsf sfo{qmd tyf s[lif If]qdf cfocfh{gsf gd"gf sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ . v]/ uPsf l;;Laf6 agfOPsf] jftfj/0fd}qL af]tn xfp; cg's/0fLo 5 . lzv/fk'/ lbuf] s[ifs kf7zfnfdfkm{t k|f8\ufl/s s[lif, lbuf] s[lif tyf Jofjxfl/s s[lif l;sfpFb} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfdsf nflu ljb]lzg] o'jfnfO{ :jb]zd} a;]/ sfd ug{ ;lsg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xaLr cg'ej ;f6f;f6, cGt/k':tf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg, k'/fgf] k':tf;Fu} nf]k x'g nfu]sf k/Dk/fut 1fg / ;Lk gofF k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{'sf ;fy} cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s, j}slNks tyf b"/ lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ l;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{ hLjgko{Gt l;sfO xf] . x'g t x/]sn] hGdb]lv d[To'ko{Gt l;Sg] k|of; ul//x]s} x'G5g\ . JolQmsf Ifdtf km/s eP klg hLjgko{Gt l;sfOn] To;sf] sb/ ug]{ dfq xf]Og, pgLx¿sf] l;sfO Jojl:yt ub}{ plrt :yfg lbO{ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df :yflkt u/fpg] k|of; u5{ .

s]Gb|n] dlxnf ljBfno, ;fd'bflos ljBfno, ;fd'bflos SofDk;, v'nf ljBfno, lbuf] s[ifs kf7zfnf, ;';]nL ;flxlTos k|lti7fg, ;d'bfosf] nflu ljBfno cleofg h:tf ;+:yf;Fusf]

;dGjodf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . afnljsf; s]Gb|sf ;–;fgf gfgLb]lv dlxnf ljBfnosf xh'/cfdf;Dd kx'Fr lj:tf/ u/]sf] s]Gb|sf] pNn]vgLo sfd eg]sf] k9fOaf6 jl~rt afnaflnsfnfO{ lgoldt lzIffdf kmsf{pg' xf] . dlxnf ljBfnoaf6 lg/If/ dlxnfnfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] dfq xf]Og, v'nf ljBfnodfkm{t pRr lzIff;Dd kxF'r la:tf/ u/]/ hLjgko{Gt lzIffsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .

lzv/fk'/n] lgoldt cWoog dfq geO{ 1fgdf hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . s[lif lzIff ls;fgn] lbg'k5{ / s[lifnfO{ ;}4flGts eGbf klg Jofjxfl/s lx;fan] a9L k|of]u ug'{k5{ h;n] l;sfOdf k|efj kfb{5 eGg] dfGotf cg';f/ :yflkt lzv/fk'/ lbuf] s[ifs kf7zfnfn] lbuf] s[lifsf] gd"gf k]z u/]sf] 5 . tfnLd, s[lif pkh pTkfbg tyf s[lifdf ofGqLs/0fsf] gd"gfsf ¿kdf of] kf7zfnfnfO{ ljsf; ub}{ eljiodf o'jf /f]huf/L s]Gb|sf ¿kdf :yflkt ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 .

o'g]:sf] sf7df8f}+sf] SofkO{PkmP kl/of]hgf cGtu{t z'¿ u/]sf] kl/jf/ ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf] gd"gf dflgPsf] 5 . ;fIf/tfsf] ljsl;t ¿kdf o'g]:sf]n] g]kfndf leœofOPsf] of] sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] k/LIf0f lzv/fk''/d} ul/Psf] lyof] . h;cGtu{t cIf/ glrg]sf cfdfafa'nfO{ gfltgfltgL;Fu sIffdf /fv]/ kl/rfl/sfn] ;fIf/tf sIffdf h:t} l;sfpF5g\ . afnaflnsfn] cfdfa'afnfO{ k9\g] n]Vg] ljlw l;sfpF5g\ eg] cfdfx¿n] 1fg–;Lksf s'/f l;sfpF5g\ . l;Sg] dfq geO{ cfˆgf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ug{ kfpFbf cfkm";Fu klg s]xL Ifdtf /x]5 eGg]] dx;";n] yk l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f agfPsf] 5 .

ljBfno lzIffaf6 jl~rt afnaflnsfsf nflu j}slNks ljBfno, v'nf ljBfno tyf ljBfnodf 6]Sg} gkfPsfx¿nfO{ dlxnf ljBfnodfkm{t lzIff lbO“b} cfPsf] 5 .



dlxnf o'jf cleoGtf ljleGg k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf %) hgf pTk|]l/t / ;dlk{t o'jf dlxnfsf] ;d"x xf] . o'g]:sf] sf7df8f}+ / jL OG:kfo/ g]kfn gfds ;+:yfn] ;d'bfosf dlxnf / aflnsfsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;xkf7L lzIfs tyf ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf jfxssf ¿kdf lbPsf] tfnLdkl5 hLjgko{Gt l;sfOaf/] o'jf k|ltlglwx¿sf egfO M

o'jfsf] a'emfOdf hLjgko{Gt l;sfO

z}hnf v/]n -@)_g]zgn sn]h afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}+;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;n]

hLjge/ :j]lR5s ¿kn] 1fg cfh{g ug'{ g} hLjgko{Gt l;sfO xf] . l;sfO / 1fg cfh{g hxfF / hlxn] klg ug{ ;lsG5 . l;Sg slxNo} klg 5f]8\g'x'Fb}g . o;sf] p2]Zo dflg;sf JolStut ;fy} k]zfut hLjgdf klg ;sf/fTds Jojxf/ l;h{gf ug'{ / To;nfO{ sfod /fVg' xf] . h;n] dflg;sf] JolStut / k]zfut ljsf; u5{ .

hLjgko{Gt l;sf?x¿ l;Sg pTk|]l/t eO/xG5g\ . To;}n], hLjgko{Gt l;sfOnfO{ :j]lR5s sfo{sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . h'g l;sfO dfq geP/ jl/kl/ / ToxfFsf /fd|f cj;/af/] a'´g' klg xf] . o;n] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ t NofpF5 g} ;fy} j/k/sf ;fgfltgf 36gfk|lt ;r]t ;d]t u/fpF5 .

lk|oª\sf kf]v/]n -!*_g]kfn n sn]hkL7f]af6 /f]6L agfpg nfdf]

k|lqmof k"/f ug'{k5{, h'g cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . lsgeg], vfhfsf ¿kdf sfFrf] kL7f] vfP/ x'Fb}g . h;/L ef]s nfUbf s'g} klg a]nf /f]6L ;lhn} vfg ;lsG5, To;}u/L l;sfOnfO{ hLjge/ hf/L /fVb} x/]s lbg kl/dfh{g u/]df o;n] k|ltkmn

lbG5 . l;s]sf s'/f b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]u ug{ 5f8]df To;} v]/ hfG5g\ . t;y{, hLjgko{Gt l;sfO lgs} ;fGble{s ljrf/ xf] . ljrf/sf] of] aLp Ps lbg Pp6f 7"nf] ¿vsf ¿kdf ljsl;t x'g]5 / w]/} dflg;nfO{ cf]t nfUg] 5xf/L lbg]5 . Pscsf{df ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg / l;sfO k|lqmofsf] lbuf]kgåf/f hLjgko{Gt l;sfO xfl;n ug{ ;S5f}+ .

Pln;f bfxfn -!(_s0ff{nL sn]h cfkm x]Ny ;fOG;cg'kf uLt ;ª\uLtk|lt ;fg}b]lv

x'?Ss} x'lGyg\ . uLt ;ª\uLtk|ltsf] pgsf] df]x k|lt1fdf kl/jt{g eof] . ;fgf] ;d"xdf klxnf] k6s ;ª\uLt k|:t't u/]kl5 bz{ssf] k| ]/0ffn] pgdf pT;fx ylkof] . ljBfno:t/sf k|ltof]lutfdf pgn] k'/:sf/ klg lhltg\ . t/, sltkon] tLj| OR5fsf

gfddf To;}sf k5fl8 nfUg'x'Fb}g eg]kl5 pgL lg?T;flxt eOg\ . pgn] /x/sf] sfd gug]{ lg0f{o ul/g\ . oBlk bz{ssf] ;d"xdf‰ uLt ufpg] / lutf/ ahfpg] ;kgf ;fFlr/lxg\ . w]/} ;f]r]kl5 pgn] lutf/ s;/L ahfpg] / cfkm"nfO{ /x/ k"/f ug{ sfdnfO{ s;/L lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{o ul/g\ . csf]{ k6s klg pgsf] ;kgf rsgfr"/ eof] . To;kl5 eg] pgL / d b'j}nfO{ ;fdflhs ¿l9jfb;Fu h'Wb} cufl8 a9\g] s'/f klg hLjgko{Gt l;sfO k|lqmof x'g'k5{ eGg] dx;"; eof] .

sLkf t'nfw/ -@!_ g]zgn sn]h afn'jf6f/s]xL dxLgf cufl8 d]/f u'?n]

Pp6f syf eGg'ePsf] lyof] . …Pshgf lzIfsn] sIff Pssf ljBfyL{nfO{ /fd|f ¿v ePsf] Pp6f kfs{df jgef]hsf nflu lnP/ uP . ljBfyL{nfO{ xl/of] /ª b]vfpg eg] . t/ ljBfyL{n] lstfa lgsfn]/ ToxfF ePsf] xl/of] /ª b]vfP .Ú o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] /fd|f] cª\s Nofpg' dfq k9\g' xf] eGg] clxn]sf] ;fdflhs cjwf/0ffn] x/]ssf] JolStTj gi6 u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{x¿ l;Sg] t/Lsf g} l;Sb}gg\ . l8u|L lng' dfq} k9\g'x'Fb}g . cfkm";Fu ePsf] Ifdtf / nufj a9fpg kf] k9\g'k5{ . cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] s'/f k9\g kfP dfq l;sfO /dfOnf] x'G5 . l;sfO Pp6f hLjgko{Gt ofqf xf] . xfdL x/]s lbg gofF s'/f l;ls/x]sf x'G5f}+ .

/Lltsf v/]n -@!_;]G6h]leo;{ sn]h1fg Ps cgj/t k|lqmof xf] . l;sfOsf

;|f]tx¿ cgluGtL 5g\ . ljZjljBfno / cf}krfl/s lzIff hLjgsf] ofqfsf] Ps v'6\lsnf] dfq xf] . 1fg t ;j{q lkmhfl/Psf] 5 . k]z]j/ ¿kdf :yflkt x'g, cfˆgf] eljio / /fi6«nfO{ ;d'Ggt agfpg

l;sfO ;}4flGts dfq geP/ Jofjxfl/s klg x'g'kb{5 . xfdLn] cfh{g u/]sf 1fg dfgl;s tyf cfly{s lx;fan] cfTdlge{/ agfpg] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 . hLjgsf] s'g} df]8df cGhfgd} l;lsPsf ;fdfGo h:tf] nfUg] sltko ljifon] 7"nf c8\rgsf] ;fdgf ug{ l;sfOlbG5g\ . 1fg JolQmdf dfq ;Lldt geO{ /fi6« / ljZjs} ;d'Ggtdf pkof]uL x'g'kb{5 . JolQmsf] z]ifkl5 k':tfnfO{ k|ltkmn x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] 1fg a9L nfebfos x'G5 . h]xf];\ x/]s s'/fnfO{ 1fgsf] ;|f]t agfpg 5f]8\g'x'Fb}g .

cgt/f{li6 «o ;fif/tf lbj; sf] %)cf}+ jflif {sf ]t;jsf cj .../cite> · lzifs

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