cfd manual

Computational fluid dynamic assignment

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

A cold fluid at 20◦ C flows into the pipe through a large inlet, and mixes with a warmer

fluid at 40◦C that enters through a smaller inlet located at the elbow. The pipe dimensions are in inches, and the fluid properties and boundary c o n d i t i o n s are given in SI units. The Reynolds number for the flow at the larger inlet is 50,800, so a turbulent flow model will be required.

Density: ρ = 1000 kg/m3

Viscosity:

Conductivity:

Specific Heat:

µ = 8 x 10−4 Pa−s

k = 0.677 W/m−K

Cp = 4216 J/kg−K 8"

4"

Ux = 0.4 m/s

T = 20oC

I = 5%4" Dia.

8"

1"

3"1" Dia.

Uy = 1.2 m/s

T = 400C

I = 5%

1 | P a g e

1. 3D HEXAHEDRAL MESH FOR THE MIXING ELBOW:

Figure 1.1 3d Mesh Of Mixing Elbow

NUMBER OF ITERATION:

Following iteration are among number of iteration, continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity, energy, k-epsilon, saqib, time/iteration respectively.

turbulent viscosity limited to viscosity ratio of 1.000000e+005 in 221 cells

1 1.0000e+00 1.4065e-04 1.5201e-03 5.6267e-05 4.9537e-05 5.7275e-01 4.9413e-01 0:02:29 149

reversed flow in 4 faces on pressure-outlet 5.

2 1.0000e+00 6.3325e-02 2.6475e-01 3.0492e-02 4.5967e-05 1.3892e-01 2.3123e-01 0:01:58 148


3 6.2990e-01 1.8402e-01 4.6129e-01 4.4751e-02 1.5927e-04 2.1360e-01 8.3993e-01 2.9703e+02 0:01:34 147


4 2.7692e-01 8.6354e-02 1.3143e-01 3.6950e-02 1.5693e-04 1.4609e-01 4.1270e-01 0:01:44 146


5 1.2736e-01 3.0789e-02 7.1294e-02 2.7901e-02 1.5772e-04 8.5588e-02 2.2064e-01 0:01:23 145


6 6.6542e-02 3.0088e-02 5.1839e-02 1.3986e-02 8.7053e-05 5.2260e-02 1.2518e-01 2.9789e+02 0:01:34 144

7 4.0803e-02 2.3982e-02 3.6332e-02 7.7569e-03 4.0775e-05 3.7077e-02 8.6660e-02 0:01:15 143

8 2.6338e-02 1.7925e-02 2.4196e-02 4.9896e-03 1.9647e-05 2.7818e-02 5.7827e-02 0:01:28 142

9 1.7189e-02 7.3202e-03 1.0446e-02 4.0899e-03 1.1792e-05 2.2185e-02 4.0130e-02 2.9607e+02 0:01:10 141

10 1.2175e-02 5.5145e-03 8.5316e-03 3.1936e-03 8.6280e-06 1.8642e-02 3.5647e-02 0:00:56 140

11 9.5657e-03 4.6924e-03 7.3481e-03 2.5993e-03 6.6414e-06 1.6083e-02 3.2428e-02 0:01:12 139

iter continuity x-velocity y-velocity z-velocity energy k epsilon saqib time/iter

12 7.4381e-03 3.9873e-03 6.0719e-03 2.2065e-03 6.1238e-06 1.4144e-02 2.8654e-02 2.9634e+02 0:00:57 138

13 5.8629e-03 3.4345e-03 5.0978e-03 1.9034e-03 5.7920e-06 1.2638e-02 2.5485e-02 0:00:45 137

14 4.8460e-03 3.2339e-03 4.5615e-03 1.6884e-03 5.3161e-06 1.1532e-02 2.3048e-02 0:01:03 136

15 4.1357e-03 3.0505e-03 4.2045e-03 1.5377e-03 5.0381e-06 1.0638e-02 2.0635e-02 2.9634e+02 0:00:50 135

16 3.5333e-03 2.9762e-03 3.9450e-03 1.4146e-03 4.9947e-06 9.9577e-03 1.8785e-02 0:01:07 134

17 3.1358e-03 2.8711e-03 3.7049e-03 1.3132e-03 4.8737e-06 9.4542e-03 1.7232e-02 0:00:53 133

18 2.7901e-03 2.7452e-03 3.4766e-03 1.2257e-03 4.5612e-06 9.0539e-03 1.5906e-02 2.9630e+02 0:01:08 132

19 2.4856e-03 2.5829e-03 3.2614e-03 1.1391e-03 4.3196e-06 8.7331e-03 1.4791e-02 0:00:54 131

20 2.2768e-03 2.4294e-03 3.1520e-03 1.0638e-03 4.2021e-06 8.4349e-03 1.3831e-02 0:00:43 130

21 2.1392e-03 2.3222e-03 3.0544e-03 9.9462e-04 4.0219e-06 8.1436e-03 1.2945e-02 2.9627e+02 0:01:00 129

22 2.0190e-03 2.2482e-03 2.9485e-03 9.3844e-04 3.7897e-06 7.8695e-03 1.2137e-02 0:00:48 128


23 1.7830e-03 2.1625e-03 2.8321e-03 8.8668e-04 3.6689e-06 7.6244e-03 1.1410e-02 0:01:03 127

24 1.6911e-03 2.0996e-03 2.7364e-03 8.4143e-04 3.6322e-06 7.4058e-03 1.0753e-02 2.9628e+02 0:00:50 126

25 1.5524e-03 2.0543e-03 2.6380e-03 8.0170e-04 3.3960e-06 7.2122e-03 1.0142e-02 0:00:40 125

26 1.4539e-03 1.9887e-03 2.5629e-03 7.6623e-04 3.2616e-06 7.0343e-03 9.5900e-03 0:00:56 124

27 1.3639e-03 1.9244e-03 2.4972e-03 7.2943e-04 3.1325e-06 6.8716e-03 9.0880e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:45 123

28 1.2757e-03 1.8671e-03 2.4371e-03 6.9674e-04 3.0003e-06 6.7226e-03 8.6431e-03 0:01:00 122

29 1.1955e-03 1.8010e-03 2.3804e-03 6.6514e-04 2.8701e-06 6.5858e-03 8.2564e-03 0:00:48 121

30 1.1187e-03 1.7363e-03 2.3313e-03 6.3760e-04 2.7608e-06 6.4572e-03 7.9229e-03 2.9629e+02 0:01:02 120

31 1.0547e-03 1.6777e-03 2.2850e-03 6.1054e-04 2.6359e-06 6.3424e-03 7.6360e-03 0:00:49 119

32 9.9635e-04 1.6178e-03 2.2436e-03 5.8541e-04 2.5380e-06 6.2407e-03 7.3858e-03 0:00:39 118

33 9.4504e-04 1.5653e-03 2.2007e-03 5.6155e-04 2.4443e-06 6.1560e-03 7.1775e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:54 117


34 8.9509e-04 1.5142e-03 2.1591e-03 5.3948e-04 2.3532e-06 6.0867e-03 7.0134e-03 0:00:43 116

35 8.4720e-04 1.4693e-03 2.1182e-03 5.1796e-04 2.2668e-06 6.0271e-03 6.8874e-03 0:00:57 115

36 8.0276e-04 1.4266e-03 2.0778e-03 4.9709e-04 2.1942e-06 5.9762e-03 6.8074e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:45 114

37 7.5929e-04 1.3868e-03 2.0372e-03 4.7720e-04 2.1334e-06 5.9312e-03 6.7535e-03 0:00:36 113

38 7.2134e-04 1.3520e-03 1.9981e-03 4.5852e-04 2.0635e-06 5.8929e-03 6.7167e-03 0:00:51 112

39 6.8707e-04 1.3237e-03 1.9598e-03 4.3983e-04 2.0114e-06 5.8605e-03 6.6923e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:40 111

40 6.5904e-04 1.2958e-03 1.9214e-03 4.2291e-04 1.9544e-06 5.8338e-03 6.6779e-03 0:00:54 110

41 6.3389e-04 1.2654e-03 1.8863e-03 4.0711e-04 1.8927e-06 5.8138e-03 6.6709e-03 0:00:43 109

42 6.0685e-04 1.2345e-03 1.8519e-03 3.9063e-04 1.8407e-06 5.8005e-03 6.6706e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:34 108

43 5.8159e-04 1.2070e-03 1.8176e-03 3.7481e-04 1.7930e-06 5.7952e-03 6.6760e-03 0:00:48 107

44 5.5936e-04 1.1814e-03 1.7833e-03 3.5977e-04 1.7485e-06 5.7960e-03 6.6857e-03 0:00:38 106


45 5.3894e-04 1.1598e-03 1.7489e-03 3.4496e-04 1.7196e-06 5.8029e-03 6.6979e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:51 105

46 5.2256e-04 1.1381e-03 1.7143e-03 3.3111e-04 1.6911e-06 5.8136e-03 6.7106e-03 0:00:41 104

47 5.0549e-04 1.1146e-03 1.6806e-03 3.1758e-04 1.6568e-06 5.8281e-03 6.7221e-03 0:00:32 103

48 4.8931e-04 1.0905e-03 1.6491e-03 3.0433e-04 1.6260e-06 5.8453e-03 6.7320e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:46 102

49 4.7357e-04 1.0656e-03 1.6184e-03 2.9199e-04 1.6134e-06 5.8652e-03 6.7402e-03 0:00:36 101

50 4.5886e-04 1.0423e-03 1.5878e-03 2.7977e-04 1.5876e-06 5.8853e-03 6.7464e-03 0:00:49 100

51 4.4287e-04 1.0153e-03 1.5594e-03 2.6844e-04 1.5807e-06 5.9048e-03 6.7503e-03 2.9629e+02 0:00:39 99

52 4.2925e-04 9.9138e-04 1.5306e-03 2.5738e-04 1.5513e-06 5.9220e-03 6.7516e-03 0:00:31 98

53 4.1498e-04 9.6481e-04 1.5026e-03 2.4721e-04 1.5293e-06 5.9367e-03 6.7494e-03 0:00:44 97

54 4.0306e-04 9.3993e-04 1.4754e-03 2.3752e-04 1.5289e-06 5.9487e-03 6.7432e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:35 96

55 3.9179e-04 9.1188e-04 1.4495e-03 2.2830e-04 1.5297e-06 5.9577e-03 6.7333e-03 0:00:46 95


56 3.7961e-04 8.8823e-04 1.4244e-03 2.1921e-04 1.5394e-06 5.9648e-03 6.7188e-03 0:00:37 94

57 3.7030e-04 8.6172e-04 1.4008e-03 2.1101e-04 1.5659e-06 5.9681e-03 6.7001e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:29 93

58 3.6089e-04 8.3345e-04 1.3787e-03 2.0311e-04 1.5769e-06 5.9699e-03 6.6790e-03 0:00:41 92

59 3.5210e-04 8.0538e-04 1.3573e-03 1.9573e-04 1.5868e-06 5.9697e-03 6.6572e-03 0:00:33 91

60 3.4349e-04 7.7746e-04 1.3365e-03 1.8880e-04 1.5944e-06 5.9675e-03 6.6346e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:44 90

61 3.3705e-04 7.5176e-04 1.3154e-03 1.8271e-04 1.6087e-06 5.9644e-03 6.6116e-03 0:00:35 89

62 3.2986e-04 7.2505e-04 1.2948e-03 1.7650e-04 1.6213e-06 5.9603e-03 6.5872e-03 0:00:27 88

63 3.2474e-04 6.9861e-04 1.2734e-03 1.7104e-04 1.6280e-06 5.9566e-03 6.5611e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:39 87

64 3.1778e-04 6.7107e-04 1.2518e-03 1.6545e-04 1.6351e-06 5.9534e-03 6.5330e-03 0:00:31 86

65 3.1273e-04 6.4635e-04 1.2288e-03 1.6078e-04 1.6397e-06 5.9513e-03 6.5026e-03 0:00:41 85

66 3.0685e-04 6.1987e-04 1.2066e-03 1.5614e-04 1.6446e-06 5.9501e-03 6.4695e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:33 84


67 3.0040e-04 5.9624e-04 1.1835e-03 1.5198e-04 1.6455e-06 5.9515e-03 6.4354e-03 0:00:26 83

68 2.9405e-04 5.7184e-04 1.1594e-03 1.4881e-04 1.6487e-06 5.9555e-03 6.3978e-03 0:00:37 82

69 2.9130e-04 5.4988e-04 1.1346e-03 1.4511e-04 1.6471e-06 5.9619e-03 6.3571e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:29 81

70 2.8899e-04 5.2945e-04 1.1086e-03 1.4243e-04 1.6444e-06 5.9713e-03 6.3125e-03 0:00:39 80

71 2.8979e-04 5.1144e-04 1.0816e-03 1.4003e-04 1.6444e-06 5.9838e-03 6.2656e-03 0:00:31 79

72 2.9284e-04 4.9549e-04 1.0537e-03 1.3758e-04 1.6327e-06 5.9993e-03 6.2170e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:24 78

73 2.9859e-04 4.8061e-04 1.0250e-03 1.3530e-04 1.6317e-06 6.0177e-03 6.1688e-03 0:00:35 77

74 3.0450e-04 4.6909e-04 9.9503e-04 1.3341e-04 1.6284e-06 6.0389e-03 6.1234e-03 0:00:27 76

75 3.0882e-04 4.5853e-04 9.6545e-04 1.3143e-04 1.6218e-06 6.0642e-03 6.0847e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:37 75

76 3.1167e-04 4.4908e-04 9.3480e-04 1.2987e-04 1.6213e-06 6.0936e-03 6.0568e-03 0:00:29 74

77 3.1234e-04 4.4047e-04 9.0377e-04 1.2833e-04 1.6309e-06 6.1278e-03 6.0468e-03 0:00:23 73


78 3.1114e-04 4.3320e-04 8.7308e-04 1.2698e-04 1.6377e-06 6.1667e-03 6.0601e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:32 72

79 3.0892e-04 4.2648e-04 8.4193e-04 1.2596e-04 1.6517e-06 6.2104e-03 6.1028e-03 0:00:26 71

80 3.0589e-04 4.2030e-04 8.1203e-04 1.2530e-04 1.6695e-06 6.2616e-03 6.1816e-03 0:00:20 70

81 3.0338e-04 4.1549e-04 7.8104e-04 1.2491e-04 1.6992e-06 6.3216e-03 6.3017e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:30 69

82 3.0224e-04 4.0959e-04 7.5181e-04 1.2477e-04 1.7412e-06 6.3912e-03 6.4628e-03 0:00:23 68

83 3.0094e-04 4.0443e-04 7.2232e-04 1.2483e-04 1.8073e-06 6.4718e-03 6.6617e-03 0:00:32 67

84 3.0267e-04 3.9948e-04 6.9392e-04 1.2514e-04 1.9350e-06 6.5640e-03 6.8903e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:25 66

85 3.0306e-04 3.9293e-04 6.6518e-04 1.2558e-04 1.9467e-06 6.6682e-03 7.1421e-03 0:00:20 65

86 3.0515e-04 3.8403e-04 6.3927e-04 1.2645e-04 2.0847e-06 6.7840e-03 7.4030e-03 0:00:28 64

87 3.0652e-04 3.7450e-04 6.1437e-04 1.2782e-04 2.1222e-06 6.9122e-03 7.6641e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:22 63

88 3.1187e-04 3.6566e-04 5.9221e-04 1.2966e-04 2.2620e-06 7.1062e-03 8.0262e-03 0:00:30 62


89 3.1622e-04 3.5470e-04 5.7246e-04 1.3179e-04 2.3902e-06 7.3095e-03 8.3609e-03 0:00:24 61

90 3.2080e-04 3.4388e-04 5.5556e-04 1.3383e-04 2.5227e-06 7.5200e-03 8.6600e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:19 60

91 3.2567e-04 3.3313e-04 5.4026e-04 1.3589e-04 2.6630e-06 7.7362e-03 8.9205e-03 0:00:26 59

92 3.2973e-04 3.2310e-04 5.2808e-04 1.3807e-04 2.7967e-06 7.9547e-03 9.1436e-03 0:00:21 58

93 3.3293e-04 3.1357e-04 5.1786e-04 1.4114e-04 2.9297e-06 8.1744e-03 9.3246e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:28 57

94 3.3361e-04 3.0362e-04 5.1102e-04 1.4403e-04 3.0510e-06 8.3918e-03 9.4617e-03 0:00:22 56

95 3.3287e-04 2.9507e-04 5.0675e-04 1.4617e-04 3.1697e-06 8.6063e-03 9.5586e-03 0:00:17 55

96 3.3070e-04 2.8714e-04 5.0486e-04 1.4805e-04 3.2763e-06 8.8142e-03 9.6120e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:24 54

97 3.2888e-04 2.8063e-04 5.0400e-04 1.4939e-04 3.3740e-06 9.0153e-03 9.6265e-03 0:00:19 53

98 3.2695e-04 2.7338e-04 5.0413e-04 1.5081e-04 3.4627e-06 9.2067e-03 9.6042e-03 0:00:25 52

99 3.2638e-04 2.6712e-04 5.0451e-04 1.5117e-04 3.5254e-06 9.3864e-03 9.5448e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:20 51


100 3.2508e-04 2.6047e-04 5.0569e-04 1.5150e-04 3.5765e-06 9.5516e-03 9.4496e-03 0:00:16 50

101 3.2286e-04 2.5469e-04 5.0739e-04 1.5119e-04 3.5995e-06 9.7008e-03 9.3156e-03 0:00:22 49

102 3.1650e-04 2.4831e-04 5.0847e-04 1.5046e-04 3.5926e-06 9.8315e-03 9.1463e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:17 48

103 3.0841e-04 2.4208e-04 5.0912e-04 1.4903e-04 3.7478e-06 9.9410e-03 8.9399e-03 0:00:14 47

104 2.9962e-04 2.3484e-04 5.0923e-04 1.4731e-04 3.6875e-06 1.0026e-02 8.5744e-03 0:00:20 46

105 2.8647e-04 2.2795e-04 5.0661e-04 1.4446e-04 3.5037e-06 1.0002e-02 8.1867e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:15 45

106 2.7347e-04 2.2072e-04 5.0339e-04 1.4152e-04 3.3771e-06 9.9600e-03 7.7926e-03 0:00:21 44

107 2.5960e-04 2.1344e-04 4.9923e-04 1.3853e-04 3.2730e-06 9.8973e-03 7.3898e-03 0:00:16 43

108 2.4544e-04 2.0654e-04 4.9491e-04 1.3518e-04 3.1587e-06 9.8092e-03 6.9751e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:13 42

109 2.3141e-04 2.0011e-04 4.8994e-04 1.3145e-04 3.1789e-06 9.6903e-03 6.5483e-03 0:00:18 41

110 2.1702e-04 1.9262e-04 4.8409e-04 1.2773e-04 3.0447e-06 9.5337e-03 6.1078e-03 0:00:14 40


111 2.0305e-04 1.8507e-04 4.7836e-04 1.2367e-04 2.9053e-06 9.3311e-03 5.6552e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:19 39

112 1.8991e-04 1.7782e-04 4.7236e-04 1.1912e-04 2.7653e-06 9.0726e-03 5.1921e-03 0:00:15 38

113 1.7736e-04 1.6990e-04 4.6591e-04 1.1409e-04 2.6289e-06 8.7462e-03 4.7186e-03 0:00:11 37

114 1.6538e-04 1.6208e-04 4.5809e-04 1.0873e-04 2.6115e-06 8.3412e-03 4.2366e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:16 36

115 1.5324e-04 1.5464e-04 4.4814e-04 1.0277e-04 2.4334e-06 7.8521e-03 3.7501e-03 0:00:13 35

116 1.4164e-04 1.4682e-04 4.3597e-04 9.6421e-05 2.2521e-06 7.2763e-03 3.2656e-03 0:00:17 34

117 1.3044e-04 1.3853e-04 4.2096e-04 8.9475e-05 2.0735e-06 6.6199e-03 2.7950e-03 2.9630e+02 0:00:13 33

118 1.1959e-04 1.2998e-04 4.0318e-04 8.2165e-05 1.8997e-06 5.9001e-03 2.3509e-03 0:00:10 32

119 1.0859e-04 1.2129e-04 3.8238e-04 7.4529e-05 1.7195e-06 5.1432e-03 1.9438e-03 0:00:14 31

120 9.8245e-05 1.1224e-04 3.5874e-04 6.6754e-05 1.5904e-06 4.3814e-03 1.5839e-03 2.9631e+02 0:00:11 30

121 8.8502e-05 1.0320e-04 3.3248e-04 5.9059e-05 1.3851e-06 3.6497e-03 1.2743e-03 0:00:08 29


122 7.9865e-05 9.3930e-05 3.0458e-04 5.1672e-05 1.1951e-06 2.9775e-03 1.0165e-03 0:00:12 28

123 7.1673e-05 8.4951e-05 2.7550e-04 4.4758e-05 1.0177e-06 2.3856e-03 8.0694e-04 2.9630e+02 0:00:09 27

124 6.3831e-05 7.5884e-05 2.4630e-04 3.8536e-05 8.6005e-07 1.8829e-03 6.4315e-04 0:00:12 26

125 5.6919e-05 6.6604e-05 2.1757e-04 3.3062e-05 7.2334e-07 1.4702e-03 5.1497e-04 0:00:10 25

126 4.9997e-05 5.7549e-05 1.9016e-04 2.8315e-05 6.0043e-07 1.1381e-03 4.1284e-04 2.9630e+02 0:00:07 24

127 4.3782e-05 4.9407e-05 1.6503e-04 2.4176e-05 4.9589e-07 8.7486e-04 3.3349e-04 0:00:10 23

128 3.8508e-05 4.2344e-05 1.4240e-04 2.0616e-05 4.0846e-07 6.7009e-04 2.7288e-04 0:00:08 22

129 3.3850e-05 3.6056e-05 1.2202e-04 1.7611e-05 3.3179e-07 5.1548e-04 2.2483e-04 2.9630e+02 0:00:10 21

130 2.9654e-05 3.0714e-05 1.0423e-04 1.5079e-05 2.7198e-07 3.9897e-04 1.8658e-04 0:00:08 20

131 2.5866e-05 2.6237e-05 8.8960e-05 1.2948e-05 2.2616e-07 3.1027e-04 1.5575e-04 0:00:06 19

132 2.2607e-05 2.2169e-05 7.5842e-05 1.1154e-05 1.9141e-07 2.4291e-04 1.3018e-04 2.9629e+02 0:00:08 18


133 1.9438e-05 1.9030e-05 6.4917e-05 9.5992e-06 1.6398e-07 1.9149e-04 1.0916e-04 0:00:06 17

134 1.6819e-05 1.6435e-05 5.5798e-05 8.2484e-06 1.4445e-07 1.5259e-04 9.1376e-05 0:00:08 16

135 1.4332e-05 1.4145e-05 4.8094e-05 7.1518e-06 1.4076e-07 1.2303e-04 7.7250e-05 2.9629e+02 0:00:06 15

136 1.2334e-05 1.2340e-05 4.1612e-05 6.1708e-06 1.2938e-07 1.0080e-04 6.5948e-05 0:00:04 14

137 1.0595e-05 1.0687e-05 3.6134e-05 5.3404e-06 1.1835e-07 8.3736e-05 5.6608e-05 0:00:06 13

! 138 solution is converged

138 9.0807e-06 9.3537e-06 3.1450e-05 4.6213e-06 1.1100e-07 7.0620e-05 4.8854e-05 2.9629e+02 0:00:04 12

MASS BALANCE:

Mass Flow Rate (kg/s)

----------------------- --------------------

pressure-outlet-7 -1.9193271

velocity-inlet-5 1.6175208

velocity-inlet-6 0.30180666

---------------- --------------------

Net 3.2782555e-07

FLUENT RESULTS (3D ELBOW MESH):

MASS-WEIGHTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE:

Figure 1.2 Mass-Weighted Average Temperature

Description:

This graph show the value of average temperature at every iteration

RESIDUALS FOR THE FIRST 140 ITERATIONS:

Figure 1.3 Residuals Graph

Description:

This graph shows the values of continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity, energy, k-epsilon at every iteration.

VELOCITY CONTOUR:

Figure 1.4 Velocity Contour

Description:

This contour shows the velocity distribution of cold and hot fluid in elbow. This contour also show the velocity at mixing.

TEMPERATURE CONTOUR:

Figure 1.5 Temperature Contour

Description:

This contour show the temperature distribution of cold and hot fluid in 3D elbow and also show the temperature at mixing of hot and cold fluid.

VELOCITY VECTORS:

Figure 1.6 Velocity Vectors

Description:

This figure shows the particle tracking or velocity vector of cold and hot fluid.

OUTLET TEMPERATURE PROFILE FOR THE INITIAL SOLUTION:

Figure 1.7 Outlet Temperature Profile

Description:

This figure shows the temperature profile at different position of elbow. In this graph we can see that at the inlet of cold fluid the temperature is low and at the inlet of hot fluid temperature is high and at the mixing temperature of hot fluid is decrease.CONTOURS OF THE DYNAMIC HEAD CUSTOM FIELD FUNCTION:

Figure 1.8 Contours Of The Dynamic Head Custom Field Function

Description:

The hydraulic diameter Dh is defined as: Dh =4A/Pw

This figure shows distribution of dynamic head in elbow

2. 2D MESH FOR MIXING ELBOW:

Figure 2.1 2d Mesh For Mixing Elbow

NUMBER OF ITERATION:

Following iteration are among number of iteration, continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity, energy, k-epsilon, saqib(function), time/iteration respectively.

iter continuity x-velocity y-velocity energy k epsilon time/iter

1 1.0000e+00 9.8647e-03 4.9975e-02 6.8638e-04 9.3013e-01 1.1719e+02 0:00:00 99

2 1.0000e+00 7.3186e-02 2.2808e-01 4.0099e-04 2.6222e-01 3.9338e-01 0:00:00 98


3 3.9383e-01 3.9559e-02 8.4348e-02 4.1102e-04 1.5324e-01 2.7817e-01 0:01:37 97


4 3.0783e-01 2.7340e-02 6.8764e-02 1.6983e-04 7.8402e-02 1.3651e-01 0:01:17 96


5 2.2013e-01 1.9211e-02 4.5994e-02 1.2674e-04 6.3204e-02 1.3620e-01 0:01:01 95


6 1.6975e-01 1.6137e-02 3.1557e-02 1.2932e-04 5.2235e-02 1.1268e-01 0:00:48 94

7 1.2542e-01 1.2142e-02 2.3579e-02 1.1111e-04 4.1064e-02 8.5360e-02 0:00:38 93

8 9.5388e-02 9.8555e-03 1.8672e-02 9.2260e-05 3.3905e-02 6.5252e-02 0:00:30 92

9 7.2431e-02 8.3726e-03 1.5432e-02 8.6051e-05 2.7686e-02 4.8873e-02 0:00:24 91

10 5.3169e-02 7.2336e-03 1.2454e-02 8.1434e-05 2.3696e-02 3.8670e-02 0:00:19 90

11 3.9654e-02 6.4450e-03 1.0308e-02 7.6655e-05 1.9373e-02 2.9946e-02 0:00:15 89


12 3.0459e-02 6.0502e-03 8.6418e-03 7.1652e-05 1.6666e-02 2.5010e-02 0:00:12 88

13 2.5459e-02 5.4785e-03 7.5949e-03 6.5558e-05 1.4626e-02 2.1350e-02 0:00:09 87

14 2.1471e-02 4.7505e-03 6.9641e-03 6.0726e-05 1.2703e-02 1.7847e-02 0:00:07 86

15 1.7754e-02 4.0384e-03 6.4583e-03 5.6734e-05 1.0894e-02 1.4568e-02 0:00:06 85

16 1.5988e-02 3.2741e-03 6.1235e-03 5.4939e-05 9.3341e-03 1.1630e-02 0:00:05 84

17 1.4411e-02 2.7896e-03 5.6807e-03 5.3282e-05 8.2460e-03 9.4320e-03 0:00:04 83

18 1.2479e-02 2.5607e-03 5.2647e-03 4.9614e-05 7.8743e-03 8.2256e-03 0:00:03 82

19 9.2524e-03 2.1606e-03 4.7713e-03 4.4639e-05 7.8327e-03 7.3817e-03 0:00:02 81

20 8.3138e-03 1.7581e-03 4.3880e-03 3.9393e-05 8.2685e-03 7.2455e-03 0:00:02 80

21 8.1084e-03 1.4191e-03 4.0563e-03 3.4128e-05 8.2882e-03 6.7759e-03 0:00:01 79

22 7.6789e-03 1.2277e-03 3.7499e-03 3.0085e-05 8.4380e-03 6.6290e-03 0:00:17 78


23 7.0021e-03 1.0992e-03 3.4400e-03 2.6774e-05 8.5814e-03 6.6061e-03 0:00:13 77

24 6.1450e-03 9.8860e-04 3.1175e-03 2.4821e-05 8.6692e-03 6.5224e-03 0:00:10 76

25 5.5237e-03 9.2293e-04 2.8492e-03 2.2850e-05 8.5511e-03 6.1599e-03 0:00:08 75

26 4.8900e-03 8.2805e-04 2.5904e-03 2.4357e-05 8.1380e-03 5.6574e-03 0:00:06 74

27 4.1830e-03 7.7797e-04 2.3269e-03 2.3887e-05 7.7255e-03 5.2285e-03 0:00:05 73

28 3.4148e-03 7.3534e-04 2.0449e-03 2.2710e-05 7.2095e-03 4.8691e-03 0:00:04 72

29 2.6277e-03 7.0467e-04 1.7881e-03 2.0192e-05 6.6730e-03 4.4931e-03 0:00:03 71

30 1.9970e-03 6.0871e-04 1.4692e-03 1.6145e-05 6.0439e-03 4.0575e-03 0:00:03 70

31 1.4903e-03 4.7556e-04 1.1688e-03 1.2041e-05 5.1767e-03 3.4627e-03 0:00:02 69

32 1.1543e-03 3.5620e-04 8.6628e-04 8.5054e-06 3.9618e-03 2.7140e-03 0:00:02 68

33 8.6537e-04 2.5650e-04 6.2154e-04 5.6570e-06 2.8448e-03 2.0482e-03 0:00:01 67


34 6.6735e-04 1.8156e-04 4.1732e-04 3.8956e-06 1.9014e-03 1.4412e-03 0:00:01 66

35 4.9494e-04 1.2684e-04 2.6409e-04 2.6807e-06 1.1736e-03 9.3789e-04 0:00:01 65

36 3.6698e-04 8.6278e-05 1.6933e-04 1.8599e-06 7.3844e-04 6.0889e-04 0:00:01 64

37 2.6228e-04 5.5695e-05 1.1944e-04 1.2936e-06 5.1808e-04 4.3600e-04 0:00:00 63

! 38 solution is converged

38 1.8726e-04 3.7810e-05 9.5569e-05 9.4217e-07 3.6667e-04 3.0317e-04 0:00:00 62

MASS BALANCE:

Mass Flow Rate (kg/s)

-------------------------------- --------------------

inflow1 81.279999

inflow2 101.59999

outflow -0

---------------- --------------------

Net 182.87999

FLUENT RESULTS (2D ELBOW MESH):

RESIDUAL:

Figure 2.1-1 Residuals Graph

Description:

This graph show the values of continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity, energy, k-epsilon at every iteration

VELOCITY CONTOUR:

Figure 2.2 Velocity Contour

Description:

This contour shows the velocity distribution of cold and hot fluid in elbow. This contour also show the velocity at mixing

TEMPERATURE CONTOUR:

Figure 2.3 Temperature Contour

Description:

This contour show the temperature distribution of cold and hot fluid in 3D elbow and also show the temperature at mixing of hot and cold fluid.

VELOCITY VECTOR:

Figure 2.4 Velocity Vector

Description:

This figure shows the particle tracking or velocity vector of cold and hot fluid.

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AT THE OUTLET:

Figure 2.5 Temperature Distribution

Description:

This figure shows the temperature profile at different position of elbow. In 2d elbow the temperature is realistic because at the mixing temperature of hot fluid is not decrease.PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE OUTSIDE WALL OF THE BEND:

Figure 2.6 Pressure Distribution

Description:

This figure shows the pressure profile at different position of elbow.

CONTOUR OF CUSTOM FIELD FUNCTION DYNAMIC HEAD:

Figure 2.7 Contour Of Custom Field Function Dynamic Head

Description:

The hydraulic diameter Dh is defined as: Dh =4A/PwThis figure shows distribution of dynamic head in elbow.

COMPARISION OF 3D AND 2D ELBOW :

3D ELBOW MIXING 2D ELBOW MIXING

VELOCITY CONTOUR

Velocity distribution in 3d elbow mixing is well distributed or realistic distributed.

Velocity distribution in 3d elbow mixing is not well distributed or non-realistic distributed.

TEMPERTURE CONTOUR

Temperature distribution in 3d elbow show good mixing of two fluids mean that temperature of two fluid at the outlet become same as shown in fig.1.5.

Temperature distribution in 2d elbow show bad mixing of two fluids mean that temperature of two fluids at the outlet is not same as shown in fig.2.3.

VELOCITY VECTOR

Velocity vector shows realistic particle tracking and velocity distribution of two fluids as shown in fig.1.6.

Velocity vector shows non-realistic particle tracking and velocity distribution of two fluids as shown in fig.2.4.

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AT THE OUTLET

Fig1.7 shows the good mixing because temperature is decrease at outlet of elbow

Fig2.5 shows the bad mixing because temperature is same as hot fluid at outlet of elbow

CONTOURS OF DYNAMIC HEAD

Fig.1.8 shows the normal distribution of dynamic head in elbow

Fig.2.7 shows the abnormal distribution of dynamic head in elbow

CONCLUSION:

In the end we conclude that velocity, temperature and dynamic head distribution of 3d elbow is calculate accurately than 2d elbow,

cfd manual

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