cessna - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Cessna Aircraft Company

Type Subsidiary

Industry Aerospace

Founded 1927

Founder Clyde Cessna

Headquarters Wichita, Kansas, United

Key people Scott A. Ernest (CEO fro

May 2011)[1]

Products General aviation aircraft

Business jets

Number of

employees

8,500 (2013)[2]

Parent Textron Aviation

Subsidiaries McCauley Propeller Syst

Website cessna.com

(http://www.cessna.com/

essnam Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cessna Aircraft Company is an American general

tion aircraft manufacturing corporation headquartered in

hita, Kansas. Best known for small, piston-powered

raft, Cessna also produces business jets. The company is a

sidiary of the U.S. conglomerate Textron.

March 2014 Cessna became a brand of Textron

ation.[3]

ontents

1 History

1.1 Chinese production controversy

1.2 2008–10 economic crisis

1.3 2010s2 Marketing initiatives

2.1 Company terminology

3 Aircraft models

4 Gallery

5 References

6 External links

story

de Cessna, a farmer in Rago, Kansas, built his own aircraft and flew it in June 1911, the first person t

ween the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Cessna started his wood-and-fabric aircraft ve

nid, Oklahoma, testing many of his early planes on the salt flats. When bankers in Enid refused to le

e money to build his planes, he moved to Wichita.[4]

sna Aircraft was formed when Clyde Cessna and Victor Roos became partners in the Cessna-Roos A

mpany in 1927. Roos resigned just one month into the partnership selling back his interest to Cessna.

same year, the Kansas Secretary of State approved dropping Roos's name from the company name.

[6

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The Cessna DC-6B

A Cessna C-34 at Blackpool (

Gate) Airport in 1950

A Cessna 172

Cessna DC-6 earned certification, same day as the stock market crash of 1929, 29 October 1929.[7]

932 Cessna Aircraft Company closed its doors due to the Great Depression.

wever the Cessna CR-3 custom racer took its first flight in 1933. The

ne won the 1933 American Air Race in Chicago and later set a new

ld speed record for engines smaller than 500 cubic inches by

raging 237 mph (381 km/h).[8]

sna's nephews, Dwane and Dwight Wallace, bought the companym Cessna in 1934. They reopened it and began the process of

ding it into what would become a global success.[9]

Cessna C-37 was introduced, in 1937, as Cessna's first seaplane

n equipped with Edo floats.[10]

1940: Cessna received their largest order to date, in 1940, whenthey signed a contract with the U.S. Army for 33 specially

equipped Cessna T-50s. Later in 1940, the Royal Canadian AirForce placed an order for 180 T-50s.[11]

sna returned to commercial production, in 1946, after the revocation

wartime production restrictions (L-48) with the release of the Model

and Model 140. The approach was to introduce a new line of all-

al aircraft that used production tools, dies and jigs rather than the

d-built process tube-and-fabric construction used before the

[12][13]

Model 140 was named, by the US Flight Instructors Association, as the "Outstanding Plane of the Y

8.[14]

sna's first helicopter, the Cessna CH-1, received FAA type certification, in 1955.[15]

sna introduced the Cessna 172, in 1956. It became the most

duced airplane in history.[16]

960 Cessna affiliated itself with Reims Aviation of Reims,nce.[17] 1963 saw Cessna produce its 50,000th airplane, a Cessna

.[18]

sna's first business jet, the Cessna Citation I performed its maiden

ht on 15 September 1969.[19]

sna produced its 100,000th single engine airplane in 1975.[20]

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Cessna 525 CitationJet

985 Cessna ceased to be an independent company. It was purchased by General Dynamics Corporat

ame a wholly owned subsidiary. Production of the Cessna Caravan began.[21] General Dynamics in t

Cessna to Textron Inc, in 1992.[22]

e in 2007, Cessna purchased the bankrupt Columbia Aircraft company for US$26.4M and would con

duction of the Columbia 350 and 400 as the Cessna 350 and Cessna 400 at the Columbia factory in B

gon.[23][24]

inese production controversy

27 November 2007, Cessna announced the new Cessna 162 would be made in the People's Republic

na by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, which is a subsidiary of the China Aviation Industry Corporat

IC I), a Chinese government-owned consortium of aircraft manufacturers.[25] Cessna reported that b

nufacturing in China, it saved USD$71,000 per aircraft, or about 40% of the cost. A second reason C

e for moving production was that it had no more plant capacity in the USA at the time.[26]

sna received much negative feedback for this decision from Cessna 162 customers and potential cust

mplaints centered on the recent problems with Chinese production of other consumer products, Chinaman rights record, exporting of jobs, and China's less than friendly political relationship with the USA

backlash surprised Cessna and resulted in a company public relations campaign to try to explain the

sion from a business perspective and assure customers that quality of the aircraft will not be

mpromised.[28] The reaction to the explanations and assurances has been overwhelmingly negative, al

mall number of customers have applauded the production in China.[27]

arly 2009, the company attracted further criticism for continuing plans to build the 162 in China whi

ng off large numbers of workers in the USA.

[29]

08–10 economic crisis

company's business suffered notably during the Late-2000s

ssion, laying off more than half its workforce between January 2009

September 2010.

4 November 2008 Cessna's parent company, Textron, indicated that

tion production would be reduced from the original 2009 target of

"due to continued softening in the global economic environment"that this would result in an undetermined number of lay-offs at

sna.[30]

8 November 2008, at the AOPA Expo, CEO Jack Pelton indicated that Cessna sales of aircraft to ind

ers had fallen but piston and turboprop sales to business had not. "While the economic slowdown ha

ted a difficult business environment, we are encouraged by brisk activity from new and existing pro

t operators placing almost 200 orders for 2009 production aircraft," Pelton stated.[31][32]

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inning in January 2009, a total of 665 jobs were cut at Cessna's Wichita and Bend, Oregon plants. Th

sna factory at Independence, Kansas, which builds the Cessna piston-engined aircraft and the Cessna

stang, did not see any layoffs, but one third of the workforce at the former Columbia Aircraft facility

d was laid off. This included 165 of the 460 employees who built the Cessna 350 and 400. The rema

jobs were eliminated at the main Cessna Wichita plant.[33]

anuary 2009 the company laid off an additional 2,000 employees, bringing the total to 4,600. The job

uded 120 at the Bend, Oregon facility reducing the plant that built the Cessna 350 and 400 to fewer t

number of workers that it had when Cessna bought it. Other cuts included 200 at the Independence,

nt that builds the single-engined Cessnas and the Mustang, reducing that facility to 1,300 workers.[34

29 April 2009 the company suspended the Citation Columbus program and closing the Bend, Oregon

lity. The Columbus program was finally cancelled in early July 2009. The company said "Upon addi

ysis of the business jet market related to this product offering, we decided to formally cancel further

elopment of the Citation Columbus". With the 350 and 400 production moving to Kansas, the compa

cated that it would lay off 1,600 more workers, including the remaining 150 employees at the Bend

up to 700 workers from the Columbus program.[35][36]

arly June 2009 Cessna laid off an additional 700 salaried employees, bringing the total number of lay0 or more than half the company's workers.[37]

company closed its three Columbus, Georgia manufacturing facilities between June 2010 and Dece

1. The closures included the new 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m2) facility that was opened in August

st of US$25M, plus the McCauley Propeller Systems plant. These closures resulted in total job losse

Georgia. Some of the work was relocated to Cessna's Independence, Kansas or Mexican facilities.[38]

sna's parent company Textron posted a loss of US$8M in the first quarter of 2010, largely driven by

tinuing low sales at Cessna, which were down 44%. Cessna's workforce remained 50% laid-off and C

k Pelton stated that he expected the recovery to be long and slow.[39]

eptember 2010, a further 700 employees were laid off, bringing the total to 8,000 jobs lost. CEO Jac

on indicated this round of layoffs was due to a "stalled [and] lackluster economy" and noted that wh

mber of orders cancelled for jets has been decreasing new orders have not met expectations. Pelton ad

r strategy is to defend and protect our current markets while investing in products and services to sec

re, but we can do this only if we succeed in restructuring our processes and reducing our costs." [40]

10s

2 May 2011 CEO Jack Pelton retired. The new CEO, Scott A. Ernest, started on 31 May 2011.[41] Er

ed Textron after 29 years at GE, where he had most recently served as vice president and general ma

bal supply chain for GE Aviation. Ernest previously worked for Textron CEO Scott Donnelly when b

ked at GE.[42]

eptember 2011 the Federal Aviation Administration proposed a US$2.4M fine against the company

ure to follow quality assurance requirements while producing fiberglass components at its plant in

huahua, Mexico. Excess humidity meant that the parts did not cure correctly and quality assurance d

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A 1965 Cessna 150E. The 196

150D and the 150E introduced

Vision rear windows on the M

150

ct the problems. The failure to follow procedures resulted in the delamination in flight of a 7 ft (2.1

ion of one Cessna 400's wing skin from the spar while the aircraft was being flown by an FAA test p

raft was landed safely. The FAA also discovered 82 other aircraft parts that had been incorrectly mad

detected by the company's quality assurance. The investigation resulted in an emergency airworthine

ctive that affected 13 Cessna 400s.[43]

ce March 2012, Cessna has been pursuing building business jets in China as part of a joint venture w

ation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The company stated that it intends to eventually build a

raft models in China, saying "The agreements together pave the way for a range of business jets, util

le-engine turboprops and single-engine piston aircraft to be manufactured and certified in China."[44

ate April 2012 the company recalled laid-off workers and started new hiring to fill 150 positions in W

result of anticipated increased demand for aircraft production.[46]

arketing initiatives

ing the 1950s and 1960s Cessna's marketing department followed the lead of Detroit automakers and

with many unique marketing terms in an effort to differentiate its product line from their competition

er manufacturers and the aviation press widely ridiculed and spoofed many of the marketing terms, b

sna built and sold more aircraft than any other manufacturer during the boom years of the 1960s and

mpany terminology

sna marketing terminology includes:

Para-Lift Flaps – Large Fowler flaps Cessna introduced on the

170B in 1952, replacing the narrow chord plain flaps then inuse.[47]

Land-O-Matic – In 1956, Cessna introduced sprung-steel tricyclelanding gear on the 172. The marketing department chose “Land-O-Matic” to imply that these aircraft were much easier to land andtake off than the preceding conventional landing gear equippedCessna 170. They even went as far as to say pilots could do“drive-up take-offs and drive-in landings”, implying that flyingthese aircraft was as easy as driving a car. In later years someCessna models had their steel sprung landing gear replaced with

steel tube gear legs. The 206 retains the original spring steel

landing gear today.[47]

Omni-Vision – The rear windows on some Cessna singles,starting with the 182 and 210 in 1962, the 172 in 1963 and the 150in 1964. The term was intended to make the pilot feel visibility was improved on the notably poorvisibility Cessna line. The introduction of the rear window caused in most models a loss of cruise

due to the extra drag, while not adding any useful visibility.[47]

Cushioned power – The rubber mounts on the cowling of the 1967 model 150, in addition to the mounts isolating the engine from the cabin.

Omni-Flash – The flashing beacon on the tip of the fin that could be seen all around.

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Cessna 560XL Citation Excel

Swiss Air Force

Open-View – This referred to the removal of the top section of the control wheel in 1967 models.had been rectangular, they now became “ram’s horn” shaped, thus not blocking the instrument panmuch.Quick-Scan – Cessna introduced a new instrument panel layout in the 1960s and this buzzword windicate Cessna’s panels were ahead of the competition.Nav-O-Matic – The name of the Cessna autopilot system, which implied the system was relativelsimple.Camber-Lift – A marketing name used to describe Cessna aircraft wings starting in 1972 when thaerodynamics designers at Cessna added a slightly drooped leading edge to the standard NACA 2airfoil used on most of the light aircraft fleet. Writer Joe Christy described the name as "stupid" an

"Is there any other kind [of lift]?"[48]

Stabila-Tip – Cessna started commonly using wingtip fuel tanks, carefully shaped for aerodynamrather than being tubular-shaped. Tip tanks do have an advantage of reducing free surface effect oaffecting the balance of the aircraft in rolling manoeuvres.

rcraft models

rently Cessna has the following models in production:[49]

Cessna 172 – high-wing, single piston-engined, four-seat aircraftin production since the 1950s. More Cessna 172s have been builtthan any other aircraftCessna 182 – high-wing, single piston-engined, four-seat aircraftin production since 1996 (was originally produced between 1956and 1985)Cessna 206 – high-wing, single piston-engined, six-seat utilityaircraft in production since 1962Cessna 208 – high-wing turboprop utility aircraft in production

since 1984.Cessna 400 – a turbocharged variant of the Cessna 350, inproduction since 2004Cessna 510 – twin-engined very light business jet produced since 2005Cessna 525 – twin-engined light business jet produced since 1991Cessna 560XL – twin-engined small-to-medium business jet produced since 1996Cessna 680 – twin-engined mid-sized business jet produced since 2004Cessna 750 – twin-engined long-range medium business jet aircraft produced since 1996

allery

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51 Cessna 195

1979 Cessna 340A

1977 Cessna 404 TitanII

Cessna 350 at Sun 'nFun 2006

ssna 150s produced

fore 1964, such as

s 1962 Cessna 150B,

ked the later Omni-

sion rear window

eferences

1. Grady, Mary (May 2011). "A New CEO For Cessna". Retrieved 31 May 2011.

2. Cessna Aircraft Company (2011). "About Cessna – Overview". Archived from the original on 15 January 2013

Retrieved 2011-10-29.

3. "Textron Completes Acquisition of Beechcraft". Textron. 14 March 2014.

4. Article in "Enid News" (http://www.enidnews.com/localnews/local_story_025012803.html)

5. "Cessna Single Engine Fleet". Flying Magazine. April 1962.

6. History of Cessna 1927 (http://www.cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html)

7. History of Cessna from 1929 (http://www.cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html)

8. History of Cessna 1933 (http://www.cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html)9. Phillips, Edward H: Wings of Cessna, Model 120 to the Citation III , Flying Books, 1986. ISBN 0-911139-05-2



2. Flying Magazine: 78. August 1945. Missing or empty |title= (help)






8. history of Cessna 1963 (http://www.cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1960-1969.html)9. Histor of Cessna 1969 (htt ://www.cessna.com/CessnaHistor /His/Histor -1960-1969.html)

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3. Textron (November 2007). "Textron's Cessna Aircraft Company to Acquire Assets of Columbia Aircraft". Retri

2007-11-28.

4. Russ Niles (27 November 2007). "Cessna Gets Columbia". Retrieved 2007-11-29.

5. Textron (November 2007). "Cessna Chooses China's Shenyang Aircraft Corporation as Manufacturing Partner f

162 SkyCatcher". Retrieved 2007-11-28.

6. Russ Niles (27 November 2007). "Skycatcher To Be Made in China". Retrieved 2007-11-29.

7. Aniello, Tom (December 2007). "Making the case for building the SkyCatcher in China". Archived from the or

6 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-03.8. Grady, Mary (January 2008). "Germany's Remos Aircraft Expanding, Challenges Cessna". Retrieved 2008-01-0

9. AvWeb Staff (January 2009). "Cessna Layoffs Continue". Retrieved 2009-02-02.

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4. Pew, Glenn (January 2009). "Cessna Layoffs Continue". Retrieved 2009-02-02.

5. Grady, Mary (April 2009). "Cessna Will Suspend Columbus Program, Close Bend Factory". Retrieved 2009-04

6. Grady, Mary (July 2009). "Goodbye, Columbus – Cessna Cancels Extra-Large Jet Program". Retrieved 2009-07

7. Pew, Glenn (June 2009). "More Layoffs at Cessna". Retrieved 2009-06-08.

8. Pew, Glenn (December 2009). "Cessna Closing Plants, Cutting Jobs". Retrieved 2009-12-14.

9. Niles, Russ (April 2010). "Cessna Declines Sap Textron Revenues". Retrieved 28 April 2010.

0. Grady, Mary (September 2010). "Cessna To Cut 700 Jobs". Retrieved 23 September 2010.

1. Press release by Cessna Aircraft Company (http://www.cessna.com/MungoBlobs/166/391/CSN_06_08_11com.

2. McIllin, Molly (June 2011). "Kansas native named Cessna CEO". The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

3. Pew, Glenn (September 2011). "Corvalis Wing Prompts $2.4 Million Proposed Fine". AVweb. Retrieved 24 Sep

2011.

4. Niles, Russ (23 March 2012). "Cessna Wants To Build Jets in China". AVweb. Retrieved 26 March 2012.

5. Cessna (23 March 2012). "Cessna and AVIC Join Forces to Develop General and Business Aviation in China".

26 March 2012.

6. Grady, Mary (30 April 2012). "Cessna Adds 150 Jobs in Wichita". AVweb. Retrieved 3 May 2012.7. Clarke, Bill: Cessna 150 and 152 first edition, pages 5–17. TAB Books, 1987. ISBN 0-8306-9022-0

8. Christy, Joe: The Complete Guide to the Single Engine Cessnas – Third Edition, page 119. TAB Books, 1979. IS

8306-2268-3

9. Cessna Aircraft (2009). "Aircraft Comparison". Retrieved 31 December 2010.

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xternal links

Company website (http://www.cessna.com/)PilotFriend.com – Cessna company history and aircraft types details(http://www.pilotfriend.com/aircraft%20performance/Cessna/cessna.htm)"Patents owned by Cessna Aircraft Company". US Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved 5 Decem2005.

rieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cessna&oldid=700025305"

egories: Cessna Textron Aircraft manufacturers of the United States

mpanies based in Wichita, Kansas Companies established in 1927 Collier Trophy recipients

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