Chapter 11

PERSONALITY

Presented by: Princess A. De Jesus

Nina Jennica Reyes

The term personality is often used in everyday conversation. Its importance cannot be denied.

In our society, people put a high premium on the good or pleasing personality.

What is Personality?

PERSONALITY

Is defined as a set of traits and characteristics that an individual possess that makes him/her unique.

Etymologically, it comes from the Lt. word “persona” which connotes a mask.

Explanations of the Rudiments of Personality

Theoretical Models

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES

Sigmund Freud•Founder of psychoanalytic school of thought.

•Focused on unconscious psychological conflicts.

•Proposed the three significant components of human personality.

•“Eros” and “Thanatos”.

•Psychosexual stages of personality development.

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST

To Freud, “sexuality” refers to all kinds of pleasurable feelings experienced by the human body.

• The Id (Pleasure Principle)

• Demanding immediate gratification of its needs regardless of the external environment.

• The Ego (Reality Principle)

• Realistically meets the wishes and demands of the Id in accordance with the outside world.

• The Superego (Conscience)

• Inculcates moral judgment and societal rules upon the ego, thus forcing the demands of the Id to be met not only realistically but also morally.

Three Significant Components of the Human Personality

Major Components of Freud’s Theories

Eros (sex; instinctual self-perseveration) Thanatos (death; instinctual self-anhilation)

Alfred Adler• believed that birth order may influence personality development

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST

Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory

Heinz Kohut•His thoughts are similar of Freud’s idea of transference.

•He used narcissism as a model of how we develop our sense of self.

•Introduced what he called the “self-object transferences” of mirroring and idealization

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST

Karen Horney•Is credited with the development of the “ideal self” and “real-self”.

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST

HUMANISTIC THEORIES

Abraham Maslow•Studied what he called “self-actualizing persons,” those who are “fulfilling themselves and doing the best they are capable of doing.”

HUMANISTIC THEORIST

Maslow and Roger’s View of a Person

- active, creative, experiencing human being who lives in the present and subjectively responds to current perceptions, relationships, and encounters.

- dark, pessimistic outlook

Carl Rogers•Stressed the reflective or empathetic response as a new approach to therapy

HUMANISTIC THEORIST

• REFLECTIVE / EMPATHETIC RESPONSE - refers to the type of response that takes the client’s viewpoint and reflects back to his or her feeling and the context for it.

“It seems you are feeling anxious about your upcoming marriage.”

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

Phineas Gage

Richard Davidson-(University of Wisconsin - Madison)

-Focused on the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala in manifesting human personality

Commonly Used Techniques to Study Personality Traits in the Brain

BEHAVIORIST THEORIES

B. F. Skinner•Developed and put forth a model which emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or “the organism“ with its environment.

BEHAVIORIST THEORIST

Ivan Pavlov•Is well known for his classical conditioning experiments involving dogs. •Discovered the foundation of behaviorism as well as classical conditioning.

BEHAVIORIST THEORIST

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Albert Bandura•Suggested that the forces of memory and emotions worked in conjunction with environmental influences.

•He is known mostly for his “Bobo Doll experiment.”

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIST

BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT

Observational Learning Modeling

Erick Erickson•Credited for creating a theory that encompasses the entire life cycle and recognizes the impact of society, history and culture on personality.•Best known for his concept of “identity crisis.”

Erick Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

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