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Immunotherapy

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Cervical cancer is a cancer of the cervix, part of femalereproductive tract (the Cervix Opening of the uterus(womb) into the vagina). It is the most common causeof cancer death across the world. There are two celltypes are present in cervical cancers that involvesquamous and glandular cells. Immunotherapy arises asnew approach of treatment for cervical cancer.

Those factors which increases the risk of thiscancer, that involves infection with genital HPV,smoking, diet, obesity, family history of cervicalcancer and much more use of oral contraceptives(birth control pills).

Cervical cancer has several stages likestage 0, stage I, stage II, stage III andstage IV.

. Stage 0 is a pre-invasive cancer, abnormal cells only in the first layer of cell that line the cervix

STAGE I of this cancer confined to thecervix. Stage I have several Sub-stages suchas I-A1, I-A2, I-B1, I-B12, depending on thesize and extension of cancer cells.

Stage II is beyond the cervix and uterus, but notto pelvic walls or the lower part of the vagina.Sub-stages of stage II is II-A and II-B. II-A, mayhave grown to upper one third of vagina, but nospread to parametrium, while II-B, spread toparametrical tissue near the cervix.

Stage III spread to the lower part of the vagina andto the pelvic wall. Sub-stages of stage III is III-Aand III-B. III-A, spread to lower one third of thevagina but not to pelvic wall, while III-B,extension into the pelvic wall and may beblocking the ureters.

Stage IV is most advanced stage, spread to rectum,bladder and other parts of the body. Sub-stages ofstage IV is IV-A and IV-B. In Stage IV-A, thiscancer spread to the bladder or rectum, whileStage IV-B, spread to distant organs beyond thepelvic area.

There are many immunotherapeutics has receivedFood and Drug Administration (FDA) approval suchas Gardasil, Cerviax and Bevacizumab. Ipilimumab,Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL), Survivinpeptide vaccine, VGX-3100 and INO-9012 DNAvaccine, HPV16 E7 peptide-pulsed autologous DCsand many more are running in several phases ofclinical trials to received FDA approval.

How cervical cancer treated

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