cern
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
A few words abut CERNRovaniemi 23.11.2010
Diego Perini
INTRODUCTION
A few numbers
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CERN in Numbers~ 2200 staff~ 700 other paid personnel~ 9500 usersBudget 2009 ~1100 MCHF
• 20 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
• 1 Candidate for Accession to Membership of CERN: Romania
• 8 Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and Unesco
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3) Identify created particles in Detector (search for new clues)
1) Concentrate energy on particles (accelerator)
2) Collide particles (recreate conditions after Big Bang)
The instruments used at CERN are particle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before they are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the results of these collisions.
The convention that established CERN in 1954 states:
“The Organization shall provide for collaboration among European States in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character (...). The Organization shall have no concern with work for military requirements and the results of its experimental and theoretical work shall be published or otherwise made generally available”.
Why should I pay taxes for this?
• Today, over half of the world’s particle accelerators are used in medicine, and more and varied uses are being found for them all the time. The same is true for particle detector technology.
• In the 1970s, CERN played an important role in the emerging technology of positron emission tomography (PET), building prototype scanners in a collaboration with Geneva’s hospital.
• That tradition continues to this day, with crystal technology developed for LEP, coupled to electronics developed for the LHC, pointing the way to combined PET/MRI scanners.
Where the web was born
Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automatic information sharing between scientists working in different universities and institutes all over the world.CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather a focus for an extensive community that now includes about 60 countries and about 10000 scientists. Although these scientists typically spend some time on the CERN site, they usually work at universities and national laboratories in their home countries. Good contact is clearly essential.The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the technologies of personal computers, computer networking and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system.
LHC AND THE RELATED EXPERIMENTS
What is happening in these days
• In the Large Hadron Collider particles are accelerated and forced to collide in four interaction points each surrounded by an experiment.
• An experiment is a set of detectors designed to study the particles created during the collisions.
• In the interaction area there is a magnetic field to bend charged particle trajectories. The curvature radius is one of the important parameters considered in the data analysis.
The LHC machine
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LARGE EXPERIMENT
Some pictures to give an idea
Alice experiment
Machining of the Front Absorber cone
The Space Frame – last welds
Assembly of the Front Absorber
Assembly of the SAA1 and SAA2
The TPC into the space Frame
Almost ready
Assembly of the TRD detector
Cables, cables and cables …
The tracking chambers and the SAA2
And finally when it works:
CERN IS NOT ONLY THE LHC MACHINE AND THE RELATED EXPERIMENTS
There are many other small or large facilities
SPS
CNGS1(OPERA) An Appearance Experiment to Search for nu_mu --> nu_tau Oscillations in the CNGS Beam
CNGS2(ICARUS) A search programme of explicit v-oscillations with the icarus detector...
NA58(COMPASS) COmmon Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy
NA61(SHINE) Study of Hadron Production in Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the CERN SPS
NA62Proposal to Measure the Rare Decay K+ -> pi+ nu nu at the Cern SPS
NA63 Electromagnetic Processes in strong Crystalline Fields
PSAD-2 (ATRAP) Cold Antihydrogen for Precise Laser Spectroscopy
AD-3 (ASACUSA) Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons The ASACUSA Collaboration
AD-4 (ACE) Relative Biological Effectiveness and Peripheral Damage of Antiproton Annihilation
AD-5 (ALPHA) Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus
AD-6 (AEGIS) Antihydrogen Experiment Gravity Interferometry Spectroscopy
PS212 (DIRAC) Lifetime Measurements of pi+ pi- and pi+- K-+ Atoms to Test Low-Energy QCD Predictions
PS215 (CLOUD) A Study of the Link between Cosmic Rays and Clouds with a Cloud Chamber at the CERN PS
nTOF1 European Collaboration for High-Resolution Measurements of Neutron Cross Sections between 1 eV and 250 MeV
nTOF10 Measurement of the Neutron Capture Cross Sections of 233U, 237Np, 240,242Pu, 241,243Am and 245Cm with a Total Absorption Calorimeter at n_TOF
nTOF11 Studies of a Target System for a 4-MW, 24-GeV Proton Beam
nTOF12 n_TOF New target commissioning and beam characterization
nTOF13 The role of Fe and Ni for s-process nucleosynthesis in the early Universe and for innovative nuclear technologies
nTOF14 Angular distributions in the neutron-induced fission of actinides
nTOF15 Neutron capture cross section measurements of 238U, 241Am and 243Am at n_TOF
ISOLDE ISOLDE Home Page
IS358 (ISOLDE) Magnetic Moment of 59Cu
IS360 (ISOLDE) Studies of High-Tc Superconductors Doped with Radioactive Isotopes
IS366 (ISOLDE) Measurement of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B Cross-Section with an implanted target
IS381 (ISOLDE) Isospin Mixing In N ~ Z Nuclei
IS386 (ISOLDE) Studies of electric dipole moments in the octupole collective regions of heavy Radiums and Bariums
IS390 (ISOLDE) Studies of Colossal Magnetoresistive Oxides with Radioactive Isotopes
IS393 (ISOLDE) Beta-decay study of very neutron-rich Cd isotopes with a chemically selective laser ion source
IS397 (ISOLDE) Charge Breeding of Radioactive Ions in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source(ECRIS) at ISOLDE
IS398 (ISOLDE) Studies of the Beta-Decay of Sr Nuclei on and near the N=Z Line with a Total Absorption Gamma Ray Spectrometer
IS399 (ISOLDE) Exploring the Dipole Polarizability of 11Li at REX-ISOLDE
IS400 (ISOLDE) Investigation of astrophysically relevant neutron-rich argon nuclei
IS406 (ISOLDE) Precision Study of the beta-decay of 62Ga
IS409 (REX-ISOLDE) Fusion Reactions at the Coulomb Barrier with Neutron-rich Mg Isotopes
IS410 (REX-ISOLDE) Evolution of Single Particle and Collective properties in the Neutron-Rich Mg Isotopes
IS411 (REX-ISOLDE) Coulomb Excitation of Neutron-Rich A ~ 140 Nuclei
IS412 (REX-ISOLDE) Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich nuclei between the N=40 and N=50 shell gaps using REX-ISOLDE and the Ge MINIBALL array
IS413 (ISOLDE) High-Precision Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei with the Triple-Trap Mass Spectrometer Isoltrap
IS414 (ISOLDE) Advanced Time-Delayed Coincidence Studies of 31, 32Mg from the beta-decays of 31, 32 NA
IS415 (REX-ISOLDE) Magnetic Moments of Coulomb Excited 2+1 States for Radioactive Beams of 132,134,136Te and 138Xe Isotopes at REX-ISOLDE
IS417 (ISOLDE) Delayed Particle Study of Neutron Rich Lithium Isotopes
IS418 (REX-ISOLDE) Coulomb Excitation of Neutron Deficient Sn-Isotopes using REX-ISOLDE
IS419 (ISOLDE) Measurement of Gas and Volatile Elements Production Cross Section in a Molten Lead-Bismuth Target
IS420 (ISOLDE) Study of the beta-delayed Particle Emission of 17Ne
(CLOUD) A Study of the Link between Cosmic Rays and Clouds with a Cloud Chamber at the CERN PS
(AEGIS) Antihydrogen Experiment Gravity Interferometry Spectroscopy
(NA62)Proposal to Measure the Rare Decay K+ -> pi+ nu nu at the Cern SPS
Some non LHC experiments under construction in this moment:
What will happen in the next years:
The main LHC experiments have a program of improvements, upgrade or installation of new detectors up to 2016-2017.
The intensive R&D programme to define a possible linear collider (2020?)