cerebral palsy (cp)-fadullan, karen p
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(CP)Submitted to:
Mr. Francis Onayan
Submitted by:Karen P. Fadullan
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` Is a neuro-developmental impairment caused
by a non-progressive defect or lesion in singleor multiple locations in the immature brain` This defect causes cognitive and motor
impairment and possible sensory deficits that
are usually evident in early childhood.` Cerebral refers to the cerebrum, and palsy
refers to disorder of movement
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` The most common clinical manifestation in alltypes of CP is delayed gross motor development.
` Additional manifestations include: Abnormal motor performance Alterations of muscle tone Abnormal postures Reflex abnormalities
Disabilities associated with cerebral palsyinclude mental retardation, seizures, attentiondeficit disorder and sensory impairment.
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` Infants at the highest risk for developingcerebral palsy exhibit one or more of thesefactors:
` Premature` Low birth weight (
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1.) Spastic CP
Is the mostcommon type ofcerebral palsy. Itcauses the muscles
to be stiff andpermanentlycontracted.
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` a.) Diplegia
- either both arms
or both legs- The legs often
turn in and crossat the knees. This
causes a scissorsgait.
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` b.) Hemiplegia(hemiparesis)
- limbs on only oneside of the body
- persons having thiscondition may alsoexperiencehemiparetictremors
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` c.) Quadriplegia
- all four limbs areaffected
- there is dysfunction ofthe muscles of the mouthand tongue, seizures,medical complications,and increased risk for
cognitive difficulties- The muscles of the faceand tongue may beaffected, causinggrimacing and/or drooling.
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2.) Dyskinetic orathetoid
- is characterized by slow, uncontrolled,writhing movements of the hands, feet,arms or legs (athetosis)
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` 3.) Ataxic CP
- affects balanceand depthperception
- Persons having this
condition have poorcoordination andwalk unsteadily
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` 4.) Mixed CP
- Involves two or more types of cerebral
palsy
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A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals develops anindividualized treatment plan based on the patients needs andproblems.
THERAPY:
` Physical therapy Daily range of motion exercises help prevent muscles fromgrowing weak and atrophied or rigidly fixed from contracture
` Speech therapy
Children with athetoid CP often have trouble pronouncing words
(dysarthia), and swallowing (dysphagia).- This will help the child to swallow and facilitate communication
` Psychotherapy
Praise, positive reinforcement, and small rewards can encourage achild to learn to use weak limbs, overcome speech deficits, andstop negative behaviors.
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`MEDICATIONS
Goal: reduce the effects of cerebral palsy andprevent complications
Medications used to relieve spasticity and
abnormal movements include the following: Dopaminergic drugs : decrease rigidity and
abnormal movements(e.g.levodopa/carbidopaand trihexyphenidyl)
Muscle relaxants : reduce spasticity by relaxingthe muscle directly (e.g. baclofen)
Benzodiazepines : act on brain chemistry torelax muscles. (e.g. diazepam most widely
used)
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` Deficient knowledge related to understanding ofcomplex disease condition.
` Risk for disuse syndrome related to spasticity ofmuscle groups.
` Risk for self-care deficit related to impairedmobility.
` Risk for delayed growth and development relatedto activity restriction secondary to CP.
` Risk for imbalanced nutrition, less than bodyrequirements, related to difficulty sucking ininfancy or difficulty feeding self in an older child.
` Impaired verbal communication related to
neurologic impairment.