ceramics process and early civilization. origins of ceramics clay has been shaped and formed as far...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ceramics
Process and Early Civilization
![Page 2: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Origins of Ceramics
Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations of animals have been found throughout Europe.
![Page 3: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ceramics
Clay is transformed into ceramics when it is heated to a temperature between 1680 degrees and 2420 degrees Fahrenheit. The pottery becomes hard and retains a permanent shape.
![Page 4: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
It was not until 6000-4000 BC that knowledge of the firing process became well known. History has left no record as to how the ceramic process was actually discovered. There are three theories as to how the firing process was discovered.
![Page 5: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Early Decoration
Around 4000 BC the first glazes were developed in Egypt. Glazes serve both a practical and decorative purpose. The Egyptians first used the glazes to decorate beads and tiles.
![Page 6: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Source of Clay
A significant portion of the Earth’s crust is composed of granite
![Page 7: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Clay
Clay is produced through the weathering of granite.
Granite is the parent rock of clay. When broken down it produces feldspar.
Feldspar is composed of alumina, silica and alkali.
![Page 8: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Clay
Further weathering replaces the alkali with water. Clay, in its purest form is identified,chemically, as:AluminaSilica Water
ORAl2O3 * 2SiO2 * 2H2O
![Page 9: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pure Clay
Pure clay would be white, soft and mushy.
![Page 10: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Impurities
Clay usually contains a number of materials which allows it to become more workable, as well as more attractive. These impurities may alter the:
Maturing Temperature
Color
Texture
Plasticity
Porosity
![Page 11: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Properties of Value
Clay has three primary characteristics which make it useful for pottery:
Plasticity
Porosity
Vitrifiability
![Page 12: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plasticity
The ability to form or mold a piece of clay, and the fact that the clay will then hold that shape.
![Page 13: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Porosity
Clay must contain water in order for it to function in the plastic state.
The water must be able to evaporate out of the ware completely before the piece is placed within the kiln for firing.
The porous nature of clay allows this moisture to evaporate.
![Page 14: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Vitrifiability
The melting or fusing of portions of the clay body at specific temperatures.
This allows the fired object to be exposed to moisture, and still retain a hard, firm shape.
![Page 15: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stages of forming, construction and decoration
Plastic
Leather Hard
Bone Dry
Bisque Fire
Glazing
![Page 16: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plastic
During this stage the clay is soft, wet and pliable. It is during this stage that most ceramic pieces are formed. Types of construction during this stage are:PinchDrapeCoilSlabCore MoldsWheel ThrownSlip Casting
![Page 17: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Leather Hard
The clay still contains considerable free water, but enough has evaporated so that the clay pieces are firm enough not to bend. The relatively high moisture content allows the joining of these somewhat rigid pieces of clay. Dry clay cannot be joined to another piece of dry clay. Type of construction during this stage:Slab
![Page 18: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bone Dry
All free water has evaporated. The piece is now ready for the first firing. All free water must be eliminated in order to avoid bursting within the kiln.
![Page 19: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Green ware
These first three stages result in green ware. This term refers to any ceramic object which is complete in construction but has yet to be fired.
![Page 20: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bisque Fire
The green ware is put into the kiln and heated to approximately 1856 degrees Fahrenheit.
There is partial fusing of clay particles.
After this stage, green ware becomes bisque ware.
•
![Page 21: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Glaze Fire
At this time the bisque ware is usually (not always) coated with a layer of glaze. This material is a liquid mixture of a variety of glass-forming materials. This process accomplishes two things:
Seals
Decorates
![Page 22: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Glaze Fire
The pot, with its coating of glaze is returned to the kiln for another firing. The glaze fire is usually at a higher temperature than the bisque fire. In our case the glaze firing is usually 2350 degrees Fahrenheit. This firing melts the glaze, fuses it to the pot, and fully matures the clay body. Total shrinkage at this point is 10-15%.
![Page 23: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Glaze Fire
•
![Page 24: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Oxidation Glaze Fire
Oxygen rich atmosphere.
Glaze reacts to the oxygen in the air and produces a clear, brilliant color.
Clay maintains a clear color as well.
![Page 25: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Reduction Glaze Fire
Oxygen depleted firing atmosphere.Airflow is reduced at certain temperature and the open fire is moderately smothered, causing incomplete combustion.Oxygen is drawn from materials in the glazes and clay body.Allows for multiple glaze effects from different metallic oxides.
![Page 26: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Raku
Pieces are fired quickly to a low heat.When the glaze has matured, the piece is pulled from the kiln and placed into a receptacle containing combustible materials.Crazed (cracked) surfaces, metallic flashing and other special effects are unique to this process.
![Page 27: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Clay Types
Earthenware
Stoneware
Porcelain
![Page 28: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Earthenware
Matures at 1856 F
Color is usually red-brown, but can also be white
Light in weight
Fairly porous.
Usually smooth
![Page 29: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Stoneware
Matures at 2205 F or higher
Color is usually brown, gray, buff or tan
Usually rough in texture
Quite hard, dense and heavy
Type of clay used at VHS
![Page 30: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Porcelain
Matures at 2205 F or higher
Color is usually white
Surface is very smooth and glasslike
Extremely dense
![Page 31: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pyrometric Cones
They are used to accurately measure the temperature within the kiln. These cones are made from clay that is formulated to melt at a specific temperature. Cone numbers are applied to clays and glazes as a universal method of determining firing temperatures and compatibility.
![Page 32: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Firing Temperatures
Cone 06 is the usual temperature for our bisque fire, and is the maturing temperature for earthenwares and low fire glazes.
Cone 06 is 1856 F
Cone 10 is the temperature at which our stoneware clay and glazes mature.
Cone 10 is 2350 F
![Page 33: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Elements and Principles of Art
![Page 34: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The elements of art are the building blocks of art. Think of them as the ingredients that artists use to create an artwork.
![Page 35: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Elements of Art.
ColorValue Line TextureShape Form Space
![Page 36: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Color
Color is produced by the way our vision responds to different wavelengths of light. When a ray of white light passes through a glass prism, the ray is bent creating six individual bands of color.
![Page 37: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Color
Colors have three properties that can be defined and measured:
Hue
Intensity
And Value
![Page 38: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Hue
Hue – refers to the name of a color itself, such as “blue” or “red”. For easy study the colors of the spectrum are arranged in a circle called a color wheel.
![Page 39: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Intensity
Intensity – The quality of brightness and purity of color. Adding neutral colors to a pure hue results in a loss of intensity.
![Page 40: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How would you describe the use of color in this Picasso painting?
![Page 41: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Compare and contrast the way that color is being used on these two pots
![Page 42: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Value
Value- The lightness or darkness of colors.A color plus white = TintA color plus black = Shade
![Page 43: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Value
This painting by Picasso is made up primarily of shades and tints of the color blue.
![Page 44: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
How would you describe the use of value in David Roberts naked raku vase?
![Page 45: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Line
Line- a path of a moving point through space, refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. It may be two-dimensional, three dimensional or implied. Often it is an outline, contour, or silhouette.
![Page 46: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Line
Has five characteristics:Length
• Width• Curvature• Depth• Texture
![Page 47: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
How is Elaine Coleman using line on this porcelain vase?
![Page 48: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Shape
• Formed by lines that enclose a space• Two dimensional, only have a height
and length• Can be geometric or organic • A real or imaginary object defined or
determined by the other elements
![Page 49: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Shape
• This painting by Mondrian is mostly comprised of shapes.
![Page 50: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
How would you describe the use of shape on this piece of Pueblo pottery?
![Page 51: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Form
• Three dimensional, has height, length and depth
• Can have one continuous surface or many surfaces.
![Page 52: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Form
• Does this sculpture by Brancusi have a continuous surface or is it multi-surfaced?
![Page 53: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
How could you describe the forms utilized in Christa Assad’s teapot?
![Page 54: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Texture
• Texture- refers to the surface quality or “feel” of an object, its smoothness, roughness, or softness. Textures may be real or implied.
![Page 55: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Texture
• Is this painting by Van Gogh an example of real or implied texture?
![Page 56: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
What type of textures do you see in Jack Troy’s tea bowl?
![Page 57: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Space• Space is an empty place or surface in or
around a work of art. Space can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, negative and/or positive.
![Page 58: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Positive and Negative Space
![Page 59: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Space
• In 3D Art positive space refers to the object itself and negative space is the air that surrounds it.
![Page 60: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
How does the element of Space affect the way we view this vase by Jennifer McCurdy?
![Page 61: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The Principles of Design
• The principles are the different ways artists can use the elements to create unified works of art.
![Page 62: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Principles of Art
• Balance• Emphasis• Harmony• Variety• Movement• Rhythm• Proportion
![Page 63: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Balance-
refers to a way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Balance can be of three kinds : symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial.
![Page 64: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, Sistine Chapel 1481-1483 by Perugino
![Page 65: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
How would you describe the balance of this sculpture by Megan Puls?
![Page 66: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Emphasis
• Using elements of art to develop points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work.
• Isolation of an element
• Placement
![Page 68: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Do you see a focal point in this piece by Anna Whitehouse?
![Page 69: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• Harmony- refers to a way of combining a similar elements in an artwork to accent their similarities.
• Repetition of shapes and colors can create a sense of harmony.
![Page 70: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
How did Tom Coleman and Frank Boyden use the elements of art to create harmony in this collaborative work of art?
![Page 72: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Variety
• Refers to the differences in the work.• You can achieve variety by using
different shapes, textures, colors and values in your work.
![Page 73: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Movement & Rhythm
• Movement-Adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eyes throughout the picture plane.
• Rhythm-a type of movement in drawing, painting and sculpture. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors. Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm.
![Page 75: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Proportion
• Proportion- refers to the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other.
![Page 77: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Is proportion or scale important in this work by Jim Denevan?
![Page 78: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Peter Voulkos
![Page 79: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Patrick Crabb
![Page 80: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Charlie Riggs
![Page 81: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Tom Coleman &Frank Boyden
![Page 82: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Paul Soldner
![Page 83: Ceramics Process and Early Civilization. Origins of Ceramics Clay has been shaped and formed as far back as the Ice Age (37,000-12,000 BC). Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649e7d5503460f94b80695/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
John Mason