ceramics in orthopaedics
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CERAMICS IN
ORTHOPAEDICSModerators
Prof.P.Umananda Mallya
Dr.Ronald M
Presented By
■ Dr.Binoy.P.S
16/12/2008
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DEFINITION
Ceramics are stable, solid materialscomposed of compounds of metals withnonmetals, especially oxygen.
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USES
■ As weight bearing surface inarthroplasty.
■ For manufacturing dental implants e.g;crowns
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WHY CERAMICS ARE
USED ?■ Implants have a surface nish smoother than metal
implants.
■ he hydrophilic nature of ceramics or its ability to
absorb moisture promotes lubrication.
■ Harder than metal
■ More resistant to scratching from third
body wear particles
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TYPES1) UNREACTIVE OR NEARLY INERT e.g.,Alumina ! Al"#$ %, &irconium oxide, Carbon.
2) ABSORBABLE e.g., ricalcium phosphate
3) BIOACTIVE OR SURAFCE ACTIVE e.g.,Calcium hydroxyl apatite
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ALUMINA■ 'ost commonly used
■ (igh alumina ceramics !)*+%
■ (igh purity alumina ceramics !))+%
■ BIOLOX forte (99.7%)
■ o clear advantage for alumina ceramics in
-nee,
humeral head and metacarpo phalangeal ointprosthesis
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PROPERTIES/ hermo dynamically stable phase
at room temperature 0 α phase
/ (ard
/ (igh wettability.
/ 1ery high thermal conductivity
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ADVANTAGES■ he hardest, strongest, and most wear resistantceramic.
■ Inexpensive and readily fabricable.
■ o recogni2able biochemical e3ect.
■ he most bio compatible material -nown.
■#ncogenic potential e4ual to or less than other implant material.
■ hermal conductivity of alumina is high, therefore
transmission of heat is easy.
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ZIRCONIA/ he crystal structure 5 monoclinic,
tetragonal or cubic. !Trip!"i# $!%&r'%
/ Phase transformation mechanism.
/ 6nder hydro thermally challenging conditions, as those
found in vivo, micro and macro crac- formation can start
due to a spontaneous phase transformation from thetetragonal to monoclinic. his process can expand and
wea-en the ceramic.
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DISADVANTAGES/ 7ong term stability of 2irconia is less compared
toalumina.
/ 1ery little has been published concerning2irconia ball
heads .
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CARBON
/ Commercial development of orthopaedic
implants from
carbon ber reinforced polyether0ether-etoneis
underway.
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CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
CERAMICS/ Includes ricalcium phosphate !C8% and calciumhydroxyl
apatite !(A8%.
/ A(!$%!*'
Ability to act as osteoconductive agent
/ Di"!(!$%!*'"
6ncertainities about biostability andstrength.
8oor fatigue resistance
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Thank You