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CENTURY ECOSYSTEM CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL MODEL Introduction to CENTURY Introduction to CENTURY

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Page 1: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

CENTURY ECOSYSTEM CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODELMODEL

Introduction to CENTURYIntroduction to CENTURY

Page 2: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

WHY CENTURYWHY CENTURY

Evaluate Effects of Environmental Evaluate Effects of Environmental ChangeChange

Evaluate Changes in ManagementEvaluate Changes in Management

Page 3: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

What is CENTURY?What is CENTURY?

Simple Ecosystem ModelSimple Ecosystem ModelSoil Organic MatterSoil Organic Matter

Plant ProductionPlant ProductionHydrologicalHydrological

Nutrient CycleNutrient Cycle

Page 4: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Why CENTURY was developedWhy CENTURY was developed

From early experience (1970’s) of From early experience (1970’s) of attempting to model everything (e.g. IBP) attempting to model everything (e.g. IBP) an understanding of the inherent an understanding of the inherent problems of scaling processes and problems of scaling processes and components within appropriate time and components within appropriate time and spatial scales for a specific set of spatial scales for a specific set of questions or hypothesesquestions or hypotheses

Page 5: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

MODEL DEVELOPMENTMODEL DEVELOPMENT

•Development of CENTURY of biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, Development of CENTURY of biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S for various ecosystem found globally was undertaken in and S for various ecosystem found globally was undertaken in order to provide adequate process-level representation of key order to provide adequate process-level representation of key transfers of material from critical ecosystem components.transfers of material from critical ecosystem components.

•Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was the focus of the model Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was the focus of the model development because of the integration of ecosystem processes development because of the integration of ecosystem processes and environmental changes which is represented in SOM.and environmental changes which is represented in SOM.

•Environmental and land management factors can be easily Environmental and land management factors can be easily incorporated into the simulations of SOM development.incorporated into the simulations of SOM development.

•Input parameters be meaningful in ecological terms and easily Input parameters be meaningful in ecological terms and easily acquired from existing data bases or experimentally determined. acquired from existing data bases or experimentally determined.

Page 6: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

MODEL STRUCTUREMODEL STRUCTURE

Structure based on turnover rates of SOM poolsStructure based on turnover rates of SOM pools

THREE TYPES OF SOM POOLSTHREE TYPES OF SOM POOLS

ACTIVE: Live microbes and their by-ACTIVE: Live microbes and their by- products products (2 to 5 year turnover)(2 to 5 year turnover)

SLOW: Physically and chemically protected SLOW: Physically and chemically protected (20 to 50 years turnovers)(20 to 50 years turnovers)

PASSIVE: Physically protected or chemically resistant PASSIVE: Physically protected or chemically resistant SOM SOM

(800 to 1200 year turnover)(800 to 1200 year turnover)

Page 7: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

MODEL CONTROLSMODEL CONTROLS

Monthly inputs of temperature and rainfallMonthly inputs of temperature and rainfall

Soil properties easily definedSoil properties easily defined

Plant system controlled by T, HPlant system controlled by T, H22O, and nutrient O, and nutrient

availabilityavailability

Land management practices modifies ecosystem Land management practices modifies ecosystem processesprocesses

Hydrological input-output processes representedHydrological input-output processes represented

Page 8: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

WHY MODEL?WHY MODEL?

•Provides a conceptual framework from Provides a conceptual framework from which to pose hypotheseswhich to pose hypotheses

•Provides a mechanism to test a set of Provides a mechanism to test a set of complex hypothesescomplex hypotheses

•Provides insight into methods of Provides insight into methods of field/lab testing model predictionsfield/lab testing model predictions

Page 9: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

SUMMARYSUMMARY

•CENTURY IS A TOOL FOR ANALYSIS OF CENTURY IS A TOOL FOR ANALYSIS OF CONTROLS ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND CONTROLS ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY•SIMULATION RESULTS DEMONSTRATE HOW SIMULATION RESULTS DEMONSTRATE HOW INPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN INPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN ARREST ORGANCI MATTER LOSSES AND ARREST ORGANCI MATTER LOSSES AND IMPROVE DEGRADED SOILS THROUGH:IMPROVE DEGRADED SOILS THROUGH:

Higher yielding varietiesHigher yielding varietiesReduced soil disturbanceReduced soil disturbanceMaintenance of crop residuesMaintenance of crop residuesReplacement of nutrient lossesReplacement of nutrient losses

Page 10: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Overall flow diagram for the CENTURY model.

Page 11: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for the soil carbon submodel.

Page 12: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Impact of temperature and water on decomposition.

Page 13: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Impact of DEFAC and AET on decomposition.

Page 14: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Observed above ground NPP for various global sites vs. CENTURY modeled abiotic

decomposition factor (DEFAC).

Page 15: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for the water flow submodel.

Page 16: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for the nitrogen submodel.

Page 17: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Impact of mineral N on soil C/N ratios for grasslands and forests.

Page 18: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Effect of initial litter N content on litter carbon and N mineralization.

Page 19: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Effect of soil texture on litter C and N mineralization.

Page 20: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for the phosphorus submodel.

Page 21: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for the grass/crop submodel.

Page 22: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Impact of soil water and temperature on plant production.

Page 23: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

C/N of live shoots vs. biomass for grass/crop systems.

Page 24: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for forest submodel.

Page 25: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Live forest C/N ratio as a function of ratio of available plant N to potential plant N demand.

Page 26: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Allocation of N to trees vs. grass as a function of tree basal area and SITPOT.

Page 27: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of simulated and observed live biomass for (a) Kenya, (b) Lamto, (c) Mexico, and

(d) Thailand sites.

Page 28: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed and simulated aboveground plant production.

Page 29: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed and simulated soil C (0-30 cm) and soil N (0-30 cm).

Page 30: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of simulated and observed soil (a) C and (b) N.

Page 31: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Observed vs. simulated soil C for different treatments.

Page 32: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Flow diagram for DAYCENT.

Page 33: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Nitrification and denitrification N gas flow diagram. (Del Grosso et al. 2001)

NH4

+

Nitrification

NO3-

Ngasden

N Gas SubmodelH2Osoil, TsoilTexture, pH

D/DoPPT

H2Osoil, CTexture

D/DoNO3:C

= controlitalics = processNgasnit = N gas flux from nitrificationNgasden = N gas flux from denitrificationD/Do = index of gas diffusivity in soilPPT = precipitationC = labile carbon

N2O

NOx

N2

Ngasnit

Denitrification

MineralizationN inputs

Page 34: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

DAYCENT soil water flow diagram.

Page 35: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed vs. simulated WFPS.

Page 36: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed vs. simulated soil temperature.

Page 37: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed vs. simulated N2O flux.

Page 38: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed and simulated NOx flux.

Page 39: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of observed and simulated H2O and NOx fluxes.

Page 40: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

Comparison of simulated changes in soil C, integrated C equivalents of N2O emissions and net C for a conventional tillage winter wheat/fallow system (ww), no till winter wheat fallow (wwnt),

irrigated corn, and reversion to native grass for 25 year periods following 75 years of conventional till winter wheat/fallow land use. Negative values represent uptake of greenhouse

gases by the soil. (From Del Grosso et al. 2001)

Soil C

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

gC

m-2

25y

rs-1

0-25yrs

26-50yrs

51-75yrs

76-100yrs

N2O C Equivalents

0

250

500

750g

C m

-2 2

5yrs

-1

Net C = Csystem + CN2O + CNfert

-1200

-900

-600

-300

0

300

corn ww wwnt grass

gC

m-2

25y

rs-1

Page 41: CENTURY ECOSYSTEM MODEL Introduction to CENTURY. WHY CENTURY Evaluate Effects of Environmental Change Evaluate Changes in Management

The CENTURY model environment showing the relationship between programs and the file

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