Centre for Sustainable Tourism & TransportAnnual report 2009

Tourism’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is still on the rise as shown by our own research. For example, the emissions from Dutch holidaymakers increased by 16% between 2002 and 2008 (de Bruijn et al. 2009). At the global level, the discrepancy between emission reduction ambitions and forecasts isshown in Scott et al. (2009). The very future of the tourism sector becomes more and more depending on its performance and contribution to sustainable development. Furthermore, the lack of technological fixes,specifically in tourism and tourism transport, emphasises a need for behavioural change that clearly touchesupon lifestyles and everyday happiness of people.

The NHTV Centre for Sustainable Tourism & Transport (CSTT) is in the centre of these ongoing debates andcontributed in both the public arena by publishing in newspapers and participating in radio programs, and to the scientific community. A main achievement was the TTRA European Chapter annual conference “Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, which CSTT organised in cooperation with NHolland University of Applied Sciences. It was held in Rotterdam and Breda on 22-24 April 2009. A total of 90 delegates from all over the world presented 35 papers and enjoyed four keynote speeches.

Also during the first half of 2009, Camillo de Camillis of the Dipartimento di Scienze, University “G. d’Annunzio” in Pescara, Italy, visited the CSTT as a PhD student and contributed to the knowledge development of CSTT. He defended his thesis on life cycle thinking in tourism (de Camillis, 2009) successfully and has acquired his dr title.

The public output comprised of a radio interview with BNR Nieuws -radio and hitting a newspaper headline in Trouw, both in January, a contribution to the annual report of NEDAP, articles in Quest and ANWB Auto-kampioen, and web publications on oneworld.nl and nachhaltigkeit.at. The scientific output comprised of 11 paper presentations at (inter-)national conferences (see list under ‘Conference papers/presentations’), 18 scientific publications of which 4 in reviewed journals, 3 book chapters and one full proceedings of a conference. CSTT contributed to education by running its minor Sustainable Business Development at NHTVwith 30 students, successfully guiding 14 students with their (final) theses, and giving some 20 guest lectures

While scientific proof for human impacts on the global environment – climate change, water scarcity,biodiversity change and loss, air quality in most urbanareas (e.g. Rockstrom et al., 2009) - is mounting andpure technological fits fail to even slow down the problem (conform Edgerton, 2008), policies fail on both the global and national level (like the COP-15 Climate Conference in Copenhagen and the withdrawalof a ticket tax for all flights from the Netherlands only one year after its introduction in 2008).

Introduction

Referencesde Bruijn, K., Dirven, R., Eijgelaar, E. , Peeters, P., 2009. Travelling large in 2008. The carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers in 2008 and the development since 2002. Breda: NHTV University for Applied Sciences in collaboration with NBTC-NIPO Research.

de Camillis, C., 2009 Towards environmental sustainability of tourism: Life cycle thinking approaches and tools Scuola Superiore “G. d’Annunzio”. School of Advanced Studies Pescara, Universitá degli Studi“G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara.

Edgerton, D., 2008. The charge of technology. Nature, 1030-1031.

Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W.,Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. , Foley, J. A., 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461 (7263), 472-475.

Scott, D., Peeters, P. , Gössling, S., 2009. Can Tourism ‘Seal the Deal’ of its Mitigation Commitments? The Challenge of Achieving ‘Aspirational’ Emission Reduction Targets University of Waterloo, NHTV University for Applied Sciences, Lund University.

CSTT employeesIn 2009 the following people worked for CSTT (the academy or organisation of each employee is listed between brackets): Beppie Heijne (office manager, until September), Claudia Erdkamp(office manager), Eke Eijgelaar (AT), Martin Landré (SLM), Jeroen Nawijn (AT), Pieter Piket (AT), Jakomijn van Wijk (AT), Lilian Wanderley (AT), Kim de Bruijn (NRIT) and Paul Peeters (AT).

During the year, Jakomijn van Wijk left NHTV, but stayed in the CSTT research group. She was followed up by Lilian Wanderley, who a.o. continued the successful minor Sustainable Business Development. In September Claudia Erdkamp took over the work of Beppie Heijne as office manager.

within and outside NHTV. Preparations started for the new BSc Tourism in co-operation with WageningenUniversity and Research. Employees of CSTT are involved in at least five courses for this new bachelor, covering principles of tourism, economics of tourism, environment and tourism, CSR in tourism, and systemsof tourism. A significant share of the CSTT income is generated by projects for third parties. The ‘Projects’ overviewshows we were working on 4 large projects with a total value of almost d 100,000. Part of these projects will continue in 2010 and overall project income in 2010 was about d 32,000. The overall trend of revenuesis still increasing (for 2010 we expect to generate almost d 90,000). Furthermore, project proposals for some d 100,000 have been submitted that may generate revenues in 2011.

> Bows, A., Anderson, B. & Peeters, P. M. (2009) Air transport, climate change and tourism. Tourism and Hospitality: Planning & Development, 6 (1), 7-20.

> de Bruijn, K., Dirven, R., Eijgelaar, E. & Peeters, P. (2009) Reizen op grote voet 2008. De carbon footprint van vakanties van Nederlanders in 2008 en de ontwikkeling sinds 2002. Breda: NHTV University for Applied Sciences in cooperation with NBTC-NIPO Research.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009) Nederland fietsland? Kansen voor de sector en het milieu. IN NRIT (Ed.) Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie envrije tijd 2008/2009, 111-15. Breda, Netherlands: NRIT Media.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009) Voluntary carbon offsets a solution for reducing tourism emissions? Assessment of communication aspects and mitigation potential. IN Landré, M. (Ed.) Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands, 22-24 April, 46-64. Breda: TTRA.

> Landré, M. (2009) Analyzing yachting patterns in the BiesboschNational Park using GIS technology. Technovation (29), 602-610.

> Landré, M. (Ed.) (2009) Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issuesand Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference – Rotterdam / Breda,the Netherlands, 22-24 April, Breda: TTRA.

> Landré, M. (2009, 11 December 2009) Decision support systems for tourist destination planning. Workshop given at Haaga-HeliaUniversity of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland.

> Lumsdon, L. & Peeters, P. M. (2009) Transport and Tourism: Is there a Sustainable Future? Tourism and Hospitality: Planning & Development, 6 (1), 1-5.

> Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., McGrath, P., Davies, N., Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E. & Piket, P. (2009) The European Cycle Route NetworkEuroVelo. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism.IP/B/TRAN/IC/2008_097, PE 419.088 Brussels: Directorate Generalfor Internal Policies, Policy Department B: Structural and CohesionPolicies, Transport and Tourism.

> Peeters, P. (2009) Pro-poor tourism, climate change and sustainabledevelopment. Tourism Recreation Research, 34 (2), 203-205.

Scientific Publications

> Peeters, P., Gössling, S. & Lane, B. (2009) Moving towards low-carbon tourism. New opportunities for destinations and tour operators. IN Gössling, S., Hall, C. M. & Weaver, D. B. (Eds.)Sustainable tourism futures. Perspectives on systems, restructuringand innovations, 240-257. New York: Routledge.

> Peeters, P. & Williams, V. (2009) Calculating emissions and radiative forcing: global, national, local, individual. IN Gössling, S. & Upham, P. (Eds.) Climate change and aviation: Issues, challenges and solutions, 69-87. London: Earthscan.

> Peeters, P., Williams, V. & de Haan, A. (2009) Technical andmanagement reduction potentials. IN Gössling, S. & Upham, P. (Eds.) Climate change and aviation: Issues, challenges and solutions, 293-307. London: Earthscan.

> Peeters, P. M. (2009) Carbon footprint emissiefactoren; versie 2008 en trends 20022005. Breda: NHTV.

> Peeters, P. M. (2009) Das Märchen vom nachhaltigen TourismusOnline documents at URL http://www.nachhaltigkeit.at/article/ -articleview/77254/1/25540/

> Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E., de Bruijn, K. & Dirven, R. (2009) De ‘carbonfootprint’ van de Nederlandse vakantieganger. IN CBS (Ed.) Toerisme en recreatie in cijfers 2009, 123-137. Den Haag/Heerlen, Netherlands: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.

> Piket, P. (2009) Indirect taxes and subsidies for international tourism passenger transport and conflicts with climate policies: a European case study. In Landré, M. (Ed.) Transport and Tourism.Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. Proceedings of the Travel andTourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference –Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands, 22 - 24 April, pages 217 - 233.Breda: TTRA.

> Scott, D., Peeters, P. & Gössling, S. (2009) Can Tourism ‘Seal theDeal’ of its Mitigation Commitments? The Challenge of Achieving‘Aspirational’ Emission Reduction Targets University of Waterloo,NHTV University for Applied Sciences, Lund University.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009, 22-24 April 2009) Voluntary carbon offsets a solution for reducing tourism emissions?Assessment of communication aspects and mitigation potential. Paper presented at the TTRA EuropeanChapter Conference “Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam / Breda, The Netherlands.

> Eijgelaar, E. (2009, 19 November 2009) The Iron Curtain Trail as a EuroVelo route – strengths and weaknesses. Results from the EuroVelo study. Presentation at the The Iron Curtain Trail Awareness-raising Workshop for Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Norway. Warsaw, Poland.

> Nawijn, J. (2009, 23-24 April 2009) The Challenge of a Sustainable Leisure Lifestyle. Presentation at TTRA European Chapter Conference “Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam/Breda , the Netherlands.

> Nawijn, J. (2009) The Holiday Happiness Curve: Mood During a holiday abroad. Presentation at Tourist Experiences: Meanings, Motivations, Behaviours, Preston UK.

> Peeters, P.M., Scott, D. Gössling, S. (2009, 8-10 July 2009) The Post-Kyoto Emissions Challenge for Tourism. Paper presented at the conference TRAVEL & TOURISM IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE,Robust Findings, Key Uncertainties, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 23-24 April 2009) “Tourism, transport and climate change. Ethical issues betweenineffective and unwanted solutions”. Keynote at TTRA European Chapter Conference “Transport andTourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts”, Rotterdam/Breda

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 10 December 2009). “Climate change and tourism, A Scientific Background”. Paper presented at COP15 side event on “climate justice and tourism” organised by EED Tourism Watch,Copenhagen, Denmark.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 12 November 2009). “De carbon footprint van vakanties van Nederlanders”. Presentation at Customer day of NBTC-NIPO, Schiphol The Netherlands.

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 16 October 2009). “Toerisme, vervoer en klimaatverandering”. Paper presented at to the members of the ‘Sustainable Tourism Committee of DHO Vlaanderen’, Kortrijk, Belgium

> Peeters, P.M. (2009, 05 November 2009). “Het toeristisch klimaat Reizen op grote voet 2008”. Paper presented at Vrijetijdsstudiedag, Duurzaamheid: niet denken maar doen (leisure research day, do not think, but act), Etten-Leur The Netherlands.

> Piket, P. (2009, 22 - 24 April 2009) Indirect taxes and subsidies for international tourism passenger transport and conflicts with climate policies: a European case study. Paper presented at the Travel andTourism Research Association Europe 2009 Annual Conference Transport and Tourism. Challenges, Issues and Conflicts. – Rotterdam / Breda, the Netherlands.

Conference Papers/Presentations

Project title The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism

Year 2008/2009Period 24-10-2008 until 31-04-2009Budget d 19,620Client European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy

Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Transport and TourismContractor status Subcontractor through University of Central LancashireReport/product Report: Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., McGrath, P., Davies, N., Peeters, P.,

Eijgelaar, E. & Piket, P. (2009) The European Cycle Route NetworkEuroVelo. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism.IP/B/TRAN/IC/2008_097, PE 419.088. Brussels, Belgium: DirectorateGeneral for Internal Policies, Policy Department B: Structural andCohesion Policies, Transport and Tourism

Project title Reizen op grote voet 2008Year 2009Period 1-6-2009 until 31-10-2009Budget d 11,000Client Pieken in de DeltaContractor status Subcontractor through University for Applied Sciences ZeelandReport/product Detailed report on the carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers

in 2002, 2005 and 2008

Project title Gestion de l’énergie Transport aérien et tourisme en Méditerranée Year 2009Period 1-9-2009 until 31-08-2010Budget d 13,825Client Blue Plan regional activity centre (UNEP/MAP)Contractor status Contractor through the Blue Plan regional activity centre Report/product Carbon footprint model and emission scenarios of Mediterranean

to assess the impacts of climate mitigation policies on (air transportbased) tourism.

Project title Sustainable Destination Norway 2025Year 2009/2010Period 01-09-2009 until 31-08-2010Budget d 45,000Client The Research Council of Norway Contractor status Subcontractor through Vestlandsforsking

(West-Norway Research Institute) Report/product Model and scenarios for sustainable (low-carbon emission)

Norwegian tourism by 2025 plus report

Projects

Supervisor

Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Eke Eijgelaar

Lilian Wanderley

Lilian Wanderley

Lilian Wanderley

Pieter Piket

Student

Jan de Haast

Camillo de Camillis

Chris Posthuma

Acacia Malhado

Silke Rumpelt

Carla Thaper

Merel van Zaane

Anil Gurturk

Janina Schild

Rikie de Veer

Thesis title

Low-Carbon Tourism: Reality or Fantasy?

PhD subject: Life Cycle analysis in Tourism and Hospitality

Bachelor Thesis; Aviation Dynamics. How the ministry ofHousing, spatial planning and the environment can effectivelyintervene inDutch aviation

Global database model of tourism in 2001 and 2005

„Klimafreundlicher Urlaub inDeutschland - Evaluation klima -neutraler Tourismusangebote“

“Impact Analysis of Climate Tourism to the Antarctic and Arctic”

The Market for InternationalRail Travel

Strategic CSR in a StigmatizedIndustry: the competitive advantage of MN chemicals

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Convention Industry: a multiple case study

The inclusion of aviation in the EU emission trading scheme: a cornerstone or weak directive?An evaluation of the lobby effectiveness of the airline industry and environmental sector for the EU emission trading scheme for aviation (Directive 2003/87/EC)

Academy/Institution

NHTV

University of Pescara, Italy

University of Delft

Technische Universität München, Germany

Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Germany

NHTV (ITMC)

NHTV (SBM)

NHTV (SBM)

NHTV (CSTT)

NHTV (ITMC)

Period

August 2009

January - June 2009

April - June 2009

April - June 2009

January - August 2009

Oct 2008 - May 2009

November 2009 - June 2010

November 2009 - June 2010

November 2009 - June 2010

January - August 2009

Thesis Assignments

N H T VCentre for Sustainable Tourism & Transport (CSTT)P.O. Box 39174800 DX BredaThe NetherlandsT +31-76-533 22 03F +31-76-533 22 05www.cstt.nl / www.nhtv.nl

Institute

Wageningen University

Maastricht School of Management

Fontys Hogeschool

NHTV Breda

NHTV Breda

NHTV Breda

Participant

Paul Peeters

Lilian Wanderley

Paul Peeters

Paul Peeters

Eke Eijgelaar

Lilian Wanderley

Subject

Guest lecture: “Climate change and tourism”

Guest lecture: “CSR in emerging economies”

Guest lecture for minor PeoplePlanet Profit “Climate changeand tourism”

Guest lecture for ETM/Masters Tourism DestinationNHTV: “Tourism and global envi-ronmental change plus guidingtwo groups with assignments”

Guest lecture CPO2: “Tourism, transport and the environment” (in Dutch)

Course Coordinator Minor Sustainable Business Development 2009

Date

17-3-2009

12-11-2009

2-12-2009

6-10-2009

21-09-2009

06-09-2009 / 20-11-2009

Courses/Guest Lectures (sample)