The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

PhD20-11-15

Lecture Objectives

By the end of this lecture you should be able to:

• Appreciate important events in the history of Nucleic Acid Research

• Understand the role of DNA and RNA in the cell

• Explain the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

• Describe some the techniques involving DNA and RNA and their application in modern research and diagnostics

The Central DogmaDNA-RNA-Protein

The Genome Size

The Nobel Prize Physiology Medicine• 2001 "for discoveries concerning

genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'“

• 2002 "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death‘

• 2003 “MRI”• 2004 "for their discoveries of

odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"

• 2005 "for discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"

• 2006 "for discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"

2007 "for discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"2009 "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"2008 for the discovery of ‘’human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer“2010 for the development of in vitro fertilization"2011 "for the discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity“ 2012 "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"2013 for the discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, major transport system in our cells2014 for the discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain

Modified from Strachan and Read . Source: http://geneticssuite.net/node/33

Beyond Central Dogma

RNA Can Carry Genetic Information

RNA Can Make and Break Molecule

RNA Can Silence Molecules

Protects the cellsAffects protein formation

RNA Responds to the Environment