P5 | APUSH | Wiley | Period 5 Overview: Note Guide, D___ Name:This document will provide a preview of Period 5 content (1844-1877), which covers the causes of the Civil War, the war itself (1861-’65), and attempts at Reconstruction in its aftermath.

Long-Term Cause of the Civil War: Mexican-American War (1846-’48)

Nation grew to ________________________ proportions What to do about slavery in the newly acquired territories? Northerners increasingly worried about “________________________”

The Compromise of 1850

An attempt at resolving the issue of slavery in the territories acquired by Mexico CA admitted as ________________________ Remaining Mexican possessions to be decided by popular sovereignty Slave traded ended in DC ________________________ fugitive slave law

o Helped to unravel the Compromiseo Northerners were appalled at the lack of due process

________________________

Make a code in your note guide for the map on the Compromise of 1850.

Short-Term Cause of the Civil War: John Brown’s Raid, 1859

John Brown’s ______________________________________________, increased tension between North and South, and spread fear amongst Southerners that Northerners aimed to destroy slavery in the South by orchestrating rebellions

The mourning that took place after Brown’s execution (1859) in the North was shocking to the South and raised fears of ________________________________________________

John Brown, pictured right

Important 1850s Development: The Republican Party

Formed in 1854 Whig Party disintegrated; could not hold its northern and southern wings together Republican Party was completely sectional; ________________________ were

members; very similar to the ________________________ Members:

o Opposed the ________________________ of slavery for economic and political reasons

o Reformerso Nativists o Some abolitionists o Supporters of the American System

Immediate Cause of the Civil War: Lincoln’s Victory in 1860

Lincoln’s platform: no expansion of slavery; tariffs and internal improvements; a homestead act; __________________________________________ and Republicans in general believed in social equality of blacks and whites

Secession conventions were called in many states after Lincoln’s Republican victory; South = mass hysteria Northerners were shocked Lincoln affirmed that he had “no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it

exists. I believe I have no right to do so.” ________________________________________________; feared slave revolts, race war, and miscegenation

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Make a code in your note guide for the following map:

The Decision to Secede

To secede is to withdraw formally from membership of a political state Confederacy believed their secession was justifiable by the ________________________________________________ Approximately _______ of the delegates in the secessionist states supported secession

Make a code in your note guide for the following map:

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Reasons Cited for Secession

Republican victory would lead to the emancipation of the slaves and ________________________________________________, despite what their party platform, and the president, said

Northern states : 1) failed to uphold their ________________________________________________ (Fugitive Slave clause of Constitution and subsequent Fugitive Slave laws) and in fact have ________________________________________________; 2) encouraged slaves to escape by way of their books, pictures, abolitionist rhetoric; 3) disturbed the peace with abolitionist societies and Brown’s raid; 4) tried to deprive the South of equal “________________________” of U.S. territories (a reference to the Republicans wanting to prohibit the expansion of slavery); (etc.)

Primary Accounts

“Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery—the greatest material interest of the world. . . . [A] blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. . . . There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union.” (Mississippi Secession Convention, 1861)

“Slavery . . . was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution.” (Vice President of the Confederacy, Alexander Stephens)

“In all the non-slave-holding States, the people have formed . . . into a great sectional party, now strong enough in numbers to control . . . , based upon an unnatural feeling of hostility to these Southern States and their charitable and patriarchal system of African slavery, proclaiming the debasing doctrine of equality of all men, irrespective of race or color-- a doctrine at war with nature . . . in violation of the plainest revelations of Divine Law. They demand the abolition of negro slavery throughout the nation, the recognition of political equality between the white and negro races, and avow their determination to press on their crusade against us . . . .” (Texas Secession Convention, 1861)

“That in this free government *all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights* [emphasis in the original], that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding states.” (Texas Secession Convention, 1861)

Record your thoughts, questions, and reflections on the excepts above:

Lincoln’s Response to Secession

Options: compromise, let them go in peace, or use force Lincoln decided to wait for the other side to strike the first blow while simultaneously refusing to give up federal powers over

forts and customs posts Could not rationalize letting the South go; too much was at stake (________________________________________________)

War from Northern Perspective War from Southern Perspective In 1861, the North was

________________________________________________, despite what the Confederacy claimed

While some Northerners were opposed to slavery, nearly all were strongly antiblack

Slavery was: an economic necessity, a positive good, in line with Christian ideals, and ____________________________________________

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African Americans during the War

Southern runaways (“contraband”) helped the Union from the onset of the war; by 1865, nearly ¼ of all slaves had fled to Union lines

o ________________________________________________________________________o Northern opinion was divided on the slavery question; nearly all were antiblack and fearful of what emancipation

would bring (suffrage?! miscegenation?!)

Emancipation Proclamation, 1862 and ‘63

Lincoln designed the Emancipation Proclamation as a ________________________ Its preliminary issuance in 1862 could have ended the war without freeing a single slave The South decided to keep fighting which resulted in the 1863 proclamation, freeing Confederate slaves, but not the slaves in

the border Union states Objectives of the proclamation:

o Weaken the Confederacy by ________________________o Prevent ________________________o Allow black soldiers to ________________________

The 13th Amendment, 1855

Is said to have made ________________________ on the lives of blacks in the South, due to sharecropping, the KKK, and segregation/discrimination

Post-Civil War

How to restructure the nation? Slavery was abolished and federal government’s supremacy was confirmed, but what now? Problems: lost lives, destruction of property, sectional bitterness, racism What to do with ________________________ newly freed slaves? How to ________________________________________________ back into the Union? Complicating the process was the fact that Lincoln’s successor, ________________________, and members of Congress had

very different ideas about how Reconstruction should be handled and what Union victory would mean

Reconstruction, 1865-‘77

Congress hoped to dramatically refashion the South; President Andrew Johnson tried to ________________________ them at every turn

Confederacy was split into ________________________________________________; in order to reenter the Union, the states had to ratify the 14th Amendment; by 1870, all former Confederate states had done so

In the immediate aftermath of the war, freed blacks were supported by Union troops and organizations like the ________________________________________________, which helped to feed and educate blacks

But this didn’t last long; by 1877, Northerners had lost patience and concern for Reconstruction

Civil War Amendments

To many, the “Civil War Amendments” seemed like only ________________________ Would not have a significant impact on the lives of blacks in the South for ________________________

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