Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems

NSEC Grant # 0832819PIs: Alex Zettl, Ron Fearing, Tsu-Jae King Liu, Roya Maboudian, Peidong Yang

Energy Example

Systems Integration Example

Electronics & Wireless Example

Mobility Example

COINS Application Drivers COINS Application Drivers

BatteryPowerSupply

300 mW

Motors/actuators

LegsGecko Adhesives

Toxic gas, CO2

900 mW

Energy Harvesting

Camera, 802.15.4 radio

40 MIPS CPU, gyros, accelerometers

COINSSensor

InterfaceElectronics

COINSSensor

InterfaceElectronics

Battery PowerSupply

Pesticides, explosives, toxicants, pollutants

Energy Harvesting

WiFi Sensor Nodee.g. Red Pine SignalsWiFi 802.11 b/g/n

COINSSensor

InterfaceElectronics

PowerSupply

Smart Phone App

Sensor Plug-In

Smart Phone

Pesticides, explosives, toxicants, pollutants

Education & Outreach

Societal Implications

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10 Represented Departments: Applied Physics, Bioengineering, Chemical

Engineering, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Electrical

Engineering and Computer Science, Materials Science and Engineering,

Mechanical Engineering, Nutritional Science & Toxicology, Physics

Paul Alivisatos (Chem, MSE)

Jeff Bokor (EECS)

Daryl Chrzan (MSE)

Marvin Cohen (Physics)

Michael Crommie (Physics)

Ronald Fearing (EECS)

Ben Gilbert (LBNL)

Amy Herr (BioE)

Ali Javey (EECS)

Tsu-Jae King Liu (EECS)

Luke Lee (BioE)

Liwei Lin (ME)

Seung-Wuk Lee (BioE)

Roya Maboudian (ChemE)

Willi Mickelson (BNNI)

Kris Pister (EECS)

Ramamoorthy Ramesh (MSE, Physics)

Sayeef Salahuddin (EECS)

Rachel Segalman (ChemE)

Ting Xu (MSE)

Margaret Taylor (Public Policy)

Chris Vulpe (Nutritional Science & Toxicology)

Feng Wang (Physics)

Junqiao Wu (MSE)

Peidong Yang (Chem)

Alex Zettl (Physics)

California Institute of Technology

Keith Schwab (Applied Physics)

Michael Roukes (Physics, Applied Physics, Bioengineering)

Stanford University

Beth Pruitt (Mechanical Engineering)

Tom Kenny (Mechanical Engineering)

Roger Howe (Electrical Engineering)

University of California, Merced

Lilian Davila (School of Engineering)

Valerie Leppert (School of Engineering)

Jennifer Lu (School of Engineering)

Lin Tian (School of Natural Sciences)

University of California, Berkeley (Lead Institution)

Sensing Example

Low-Power, Fast, Selective Nanoparticle-based H2S Sensor

Challenge: Creating a low-cost, robust, low-power, selective sensor that can be easily measured

Willi Mickelson and Alex Zettl

Solution: WO3 nanoparticle network sensors heated with on-chip micro-hotplates

• Sensitive, selective, low power• Can be heated with short pulses (< 1s)• Robust materials• Easy measurement• Manufacturable at low cost

(Upper) Response of COINS nanoparticle sensor to 1-second heat pulses during exposure to 0, 10, and 50 ppm of H2S.(Lower) COINS sensor response to five heat pulses during exposure to (from left to right) 5 ppm H­2S, 13000ppm H2O (40% RH), and 5000 ppm CH4.

Inexpensive Nanowire Solar Cell From Earth Abundant Materials

Peidong Yang and Paul Alivisatos

Solution: Solution processed core-shell CdS-Cu2S nanowire PV device:

- Low power, low cost processing- Over 5% efficient- Can be integrated with flexible substrates- Uses earth-abundant elements

Challenge: Efficient, low cost solar cells using earth abundant materials

CdS-Cu2S core-shell nanowire PV devices

COINS Application Drivers

Gecko Nanoadhesive-based and Claw-based Engagement Mechanisms for Vertical Mobility

Challenge: Provide adhesion to surfaces of varying roughness for vertical mobility

Ron Fearing and Roya Maboudian

Solution: Using claw-based or gecko-inspired engagement provides traction on wide range of surfaces• Redesigns of foot allow for improved engagement and release mechanisms• Combining gecko adhesives with claws can create multiple-surface compatible engagement

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Solution:• Look at potential applications using a scenario-based life-cycle approach• Determine nanowire risks: assess the potential for environmental release, behavior in environmental media and toxicity to living organisms

Maximizing Benefits, Minimizing Risks

Challenge: Identify and mitigate potential risks associated with the COINS PANDA platforms

Chris Vulpe, Ben Gilbert, Peidong Yang, Mark Philbrick, and Margaret Taylor

Silver nanowire toxicology testing with living cells.

Reliable Relays For Ultra Low Power Computation

Tsu-Jae King Liu and Roya Maboudian

Solution: Create a ultra-low-power nano-electromechanical (NEM) relay that offers ideal switching performance:

- Reliability model matches current data- Over 1015 actuations expected for

operation at 1 Volt

Challenge: Reliable ultra-low-power electronics for computation and communication, to enable self-sustaining sensors.

First-Generation Stand-Alone COINS Sensing System

Challenge: Build low power system capable of measuring multiple COINS sensor types and scavenge power using COINS energy scavenging devices

Ron Fearing, Ali Javey, Willi Mickelson and Oren Milgrome

Solution: COINS Sensing System Primary Features are:1. Two Voltage Source-Current Sensing Channels 2. Two heater controls 3. On board MCU with IEEE 802.15.4 Radio and wired

USB communication links 4. Energy Scavenging DC-DC converter and Li-Po

battery charging. COINS Sensing System

Personal Environmental Monitoring

Current personal environmental

monitors are still expensive ($7k),

power hungry, and run only for 10

hours at a time

COINS goal: better air-quality

detection Should be portable, sensitive, low-

cost, low-power

Something that people can use

easily, interfaces with cell phones

ppbRAE 3000

State-of-the-art personal

environmental monitor.

Exhaust from industrial plant

smokestacks

Community-based Environment Monitoring

Current environmental

monitoring is almost exclusively

done by a field-sample and lab-

measure methodology.

COINS goal: Develop

nanomaterials-enabled sensors

to enable fixed broad area

coverage or semi-portable field

monitors to provide real-time

feedback of environmental

conditions.

Natural Gas Explosion

Crop Duster Applying Pesticide

Mobile Environmental Monitoring Expensive and power hungry, most

current mobile monitoring systems

require either gas-powered vehicles or

humans for mobility.

After disasters, collapsed buildings and

damaged plants are dangerous for

response teams making it difficult to

monitor and control situations.

COINS goal: create mobile tools for

disaster prevention and response

services.

Should be self propelled,

communicate wirelessly, and able to

reach confined spaceNuclear Crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi Plant,

Japan, 2011

Deployable Chemical

Detection System

Rescuers search for survivors

after earthquake in Haiti, 2010

COINS Crawler

Undergraduate Accomplishments

Summer Research

Programs

• Year 7 of the UC Berkeley REU program was the strongest class to date with 70% of participants applying to graduate PhD programs for Fall 2012.

• Collaboration between the Berkeley & Merced REU programs continue to grow as Skype was utilized to broadcast weekly seminars to Merced. In addition, Merced continues to join Berkeley for a joint orientation and closing poster session.

New Programs

Research Experience for Teachers

COINS partnered with 2 RET programs at UC Berkeley and Stanford to offer four Bay Area teachers summer research positions. Teachers created activities to enhance existing scientific curriculum in the areas of carbon nanostructures, microfluidic bioassay, robotics & solubility (chemistry). Classroom projects were designed to maximize hands on learning and minimize supply costs.

Diversity

Challenge: Increase the diversity of COINS at all levels

We have incorporated diversity

recruitment into all of our activities and

have a strong, comprehensive plan to

increase the numbers of

underrepresented populations.

In the pipeline:

As a result of increased outreach to diverse

communities, COINS has 8 extremely strong

underrepresented students who participated in

the REU program and are now applying to

Berkeley PhD programs.