center for information and communication studies shaping the future of scholarly communication carol...

Center for Information and Communication Studies

Shaping the Future of Scholarly Communication

Carol TenopirUniversity of Tennessee

(Visiting University of New South Wales through April)

[email protected]


Diffusion of Innovations

Everett Rogers


http://www.helloscience.us/2011/10/24/elderly-people-read-ipads-three-times-faster-than-normal-books/


http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.php?imageId=7009298&searchId=6265af077abd522c1354e2608dce1cbc&npos=27

http://www.sxc.hu/browse.phtml?f=download&id=50186&redirect=photo


Reading and scholarship surveys

Purpose, outcome, and value from scholarly reading Differences by discipline, status, or age of reader Details on how and where readings are discovered,

obtained, and used and format of reading How has this changed over time? How does social media influence reading?

Data sharing and re-use practices and opinions of scientists


Types of questions:

1.Demographic

2.Recollection

3.Critical Incident

4.Comments

Data surveys also ask opinions, agreement/disagreement

Therefore, insights into

both READERS and READINGS


The following questions in this section refer to the SCHOLARLY ARTICLE YOU READ MOST RECENTLY, even if you had read it previously. Note that this last reading may not be typical, but will help us establish the range of patterns in reading.

Critical incident of last reading


The following questions in this section refer to the BOOK FROM WHICH YOU READ MOST RECENTLY, even if you had read it previously. Note that this last reading may not be typical, but will help us establish the range of patterns in reading.



The following questions in this section refer to the OTHER PUBLICATION YOU READ MOST RECENTLY, even if you had read it previously. Note that this last reading may not be typical, but will help us establish the range of patterns in reading.



6 conclusions1. Scholarly reading remains essential

2. E-access has made a difference

3. Book reading is different

4. Social media users also read traditional materials

5. There are barriers to data sharing

6. Successful academics read more


1. Scholarly reading remains essential to academic work.


Academics read a lot of material

Other Publication

Book

Article

0 5 10 15 20 25

10

7

22

# of Readings per Month

n=2117, 6 UK institutions, June 2011


Article readings 1977 to present by scientists and social scientists

1977 1984 1993 2000-2003

2005 2011-2012

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

150171

188

216

280 288

*

*2011-2012 (US) n=419, (UK),n=1013; (Australia), n= 133; 2005,n=932; 2000-03, n=397; 1993, n=70; 1984, n=865; 1977,

n=2350

Rea

ding

s pe

r ye

ar


Change in Scholarly Article Reading and Time Spent per Reading on Average for

U.S. Academics

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

1977 1993 2000-2003

2004-2006

Readings

Minutes perReading


Research & writing is the most likely principal purpose of reading (US numbers

lower than UK)

n=2117, 6 UK universities, June 2011

Article Readings Book Readings Other Publication Readings

74%

58%45%59%

47%31%


Readings for research are..

• Read longer • Read with greater care• Less likely to be skimmed• Ranked more highly valuable to

purpose


2. E-access has made a difference.


Use of electronic sources: 2005

Print46%

Elec-tronic54%

n=1105, 5 US universities 2005


Did you obtain the article from a print or electronic source?

U.S (2012) U.K (2011)

n=1163

Print12%

Electronic88%

Print21%

Electronic79%

n=609

US Jan 2013, UK: June 2011


Print6%

Electronic95%

US, 2012

Use of library collections for articles

Print6%

Electronic94%

UK, 2011

n=775

UK: 6 UK universities June 2011US: January 2013

n=609


Format of last article reading

From Print82%

Computer Screen

18%

US, 2005

n=923


Format of last article reading

From Print55%

Com-puter

Screen45%

UK, 2011

n=1163

From Print49%

Com-puter

Screen51%

US, 2012

N=594


Where academics are obtaining articles:

Library Website Personal Colleague Other0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

67

14

5 6 8

55

13 15

710

UKUS

UK, n=1189, June 2011; US, n=609 January 2013

Per

cent


Office, Lab62%

Home26%

Travelling10%

Library2%


Just because they read from library collections (library collections

only)…

Office/lab66%

Home30%

Library2%

Travelling2%

Other1%

US 2012

n=327, 5 US universities, January 2013

UK, 2011


Yet … [journals] remain central to what I produce and what I consume. However, I find myself looking at blogs more.

I don’t think people actually read journal articles as much as conference proceedings. They are too long and too out of date…They are just citation fodder.

… there are many sources that are vitally important that are neither online nor in the collection, necessitating the ILL process. Frankly, I turn to purchasing many out of print books.


3. Book reading is different from article reading.


The library is the source of scholarly articles, not books

Article Reading Book Reading Other Publication Reading

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

67

27

15% li

brar

y-pr

ovid

ed


55%

28%

9%


Percent of readings from e-books

Purchased Library Colleague Publisher Other0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100% 5 4 10 8

46

ElectronicPrintP

erce

nt

n=458, 5 US universities, January 2013


The library book collection supports younger academics

Under 30

31 ~ 50

Over 50

40

26

24

%

libra

ry-p

rovi

ded



4. Social media users also read traditional materials.


How many types of social media do you use (read/view)?

n=1028, June 9, 2011, 6 U.K universities

None25%

One18%

Two15%

Three15%

Four14%

Five8%

Six or More5%


Top 3 social media used occasionally

Blogs Youtube/Video User Comments

6273 71

11

12 1515

12 12123 2

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Occasionally

n=2117, June 9, 2011, 6 U.K universities

Per

cen

t

100%


How many types of social media do you create?

n=1031 June 9, 2011 6 U.K universities

None56%

One21%

Two11%

Three7%

Four2%

Five2%

Six or More1%


Top 3 social media created occasionally

June 9, 2011, 6 U.K universities

Per

cent

Blogs Videos/Youtube User Comments

61

81 79

18

7 11139 88

3 2

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Occasionally

n=194

n=212

n=258


5. Many researchers are interested in sharing or re-using data, but there are barriers and conditions.


It is appropriate to create new datasets from the shared data

Willing to share data across a broad group of researchers

Use others' datasets if their data were easily accessible

0% 20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

76%

81%

84%

Interest in Data Sharing


Others can access my data easily

Place all of my data into a central data repository

I share my data

Place at least some of my data into a central data repository

36%

41%

75%

78%

Gap Between Willingness to Share and Accessibility


Other reasons for data not available

Should not be available

Do not need data

Sponsor does not require

Lack of standards

Do not have rights to make data…

No place to put data

Lack of funding

Insufficient time

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12%

12%

13%

15%

17%

20%

20%

34%

45%

Reasons for Not Making Data Available

Center for Information and Communication Studies40

Complete list of products

Reprints of articles

Reciprocal sharing agreement

Opportunity to collaborate

Acknowledge provider/funder

Formally cite provider/funder

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

69%

70%

72%

81%

93%

95%

Conditions for Data Sharing


6. Successful academics read more.


Award-winning academics read more

Did not receive an award

Received an award0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

23

30

799

14Article ReadingsBook ReadingsOther Publication Read-ings

Per

Mon

th



Reads more of every type of material.

Spends more time per book and other publication readings.

Uses the library for articles

More often buys books and obtains other publications from the Internet.

Occasionally participates and creates social media content.

Portrait of a successful academic:In last 2 years:

Has won an award and published four or more items.


Moving forward…

• Will e-books change scholarly reading?• What is the library role in open access?• How do mobile devices change

reading?• How do we face sociocultural

challenges of data sharing and re-use?• What features/systems help readers the

most?


Carol [email protected]

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