Meeting US EPA Fenceline Monitoring

Requirements – Combined Passive

and Active Approaches

Colorado Environmental Management Society

Fall Conference - October 13, 2015

David Gratson, CEAC - Environmental Standards, Inc.

Patrick Lewis - Defiant Technologies

Michael Waltman - Field Data Solutions/Field Env. Instruments

2

Outline

Regulatory Background

Benzene Fenceline Monitoring

Requirements

Limitations of Passive

Approach -> Active (TOCAM™)

Real Time Data

Collection/Management – FDS

Timeline

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Regulatory Background

May 2014 U.S. EPA proposed changes Refinery MACT 40 CFR Part 63, Subparts Y, CC,

and UUU

NSPS 40 CFR Part 60, Subparts J and Ja

Published in Federal Register June 30, 2014

Key provision of Subpart CC Local Ambient Passive Benzene Monitoring

On-site/Nearby meteorological tower

Revisions expected to be finalized Fall 2015

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Methods 325A/Rule: VOCs from Fugitive and

Area Sources

2 week sampling period, dynamic operation. Locations: place diffusive passive samplers at 15° to

30 ° intervals along the perimeter of the refinery.

Considerations:

Configuration of facility

Fenceline security

Building downwash

Background sources

Weather…

Field QC

Gloves, tube temperature during transit,

Blanks, Duplicates

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Methods 325A: VOCs from Fugitive and

Area Sources

Rate of sampling specific to compounds, sorbent,

depends upon diffusion constants/uptake factor.

14-day integrated sample, monitor time, temperature,

pressure

Develop Standardize practices, train samplers.

Monitoring is required; it does not have to be passive

diffusive tube (325a).

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Methods 325B

Data reported in parts per billion by volume (ppbv) or

µg/m3 adjusted for meteorological data. 2.8 ppbv is

critical level.

Laboratory Blank (empty tube) criterion: <0.2 ppb or

≤3 times LOD whichever is greater

Field blanks must contain no greater than one-third of

the measured target analyte or compliance limit for

field samples

Results uploaded to EPA public website every

quarter.

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Final Concentration Calculation

𝐶𝑚 = 106 ×

𝑀𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑

𝑈×𝑇

M measured = Measured mass of benzene, µg – using daily GC

response factor.

U = Diffusion uptake rate, mL/min

T = Exposure time, minutes (what frequency?)

Cm = Concentration, µg/m3 (or ppmv)

U - must be adjusted for STP (298.2 Kelvin, 760 mmHg) using

meteorological data (daily average?).

Temperature and M measured most sensitive parameters

Temperature range can have ~10% impact on U

ΔC value of 9 ug/m3 = 2.8 ppbv is critical level

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Passive Sample Collection/Logistics

Sampling period of 2 weeks Medium-sized refinery: 18-25 monitors x 26

weeks/year…

Field Blanks (2/event) and Upwind Receptors

3 co-located samples per event

4 sets (~100 total): In field

At lab for analysis

At lab for reconditioning

Backup

Cost:

~$80,000 first year (purchase tubes, shelters, cost of analysis and tube conditioning) 26 events, 20 locations.

~$68,000 annual, on-going

- 3+ year life of tubes

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Data Management and Analysis

- Dashboard

Monitor for 12 months, calculate rolling average per

§63.658 (w T/P), remove background, verify/validate prior

to public reporting!

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Rule and Method Issues

Dynamic Operation

Limited laboratories with capabilities

Merge metrology and lab data quickly

Verify/validate data

Data uploaded every 14 days to public

If exceed 9 ug/m3 – corrective action plan

Can create site-specific monitoring plan

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Active Real-Time Monitoring: TOCAM™

Active monitoring provides

real-time assessment,

ability to troubleshoot/track

emissions.

~$30k

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Active Real-Time Monitoring: TOCAM™

Chemical

Detection Range

Benzene (MW 78.1)

Vapor Pressure

@ 25 °C

100 mmHg

Instrument Specifications

PID Lamp 10.6 eV (two, one for alert)

GC Column 2.5 m or 4.8 m - ~10 minutes

Weight 30 oz (850 grams)

Dimensions 9 ¼” x 5 ½” x 3” (23.5x14x7.6 cm)

Power 9 – 12 VDC , AC wall adapter

Interface Standard RS-232 port

Benzene

Sensitivity (MDL)

~0.1 ppbv with trap adjustment (vs 2.8

ppbv critical concentration)

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TOCAM™

Collect, inject, separate and detect cycle is fully

automated

No specialty gases required

Simple calibration process

Chromatograms display real-time on computer

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Remote Real-time Data Collection- FDS

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Remote Real-time Data Collection- FDS

Wireless

Connectivity

Solar Power/Battery

Mobility: ~75 lbs with

55Ah battery

Real-time alerts and

reports –

web/email/phone

(text/SMS)

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Real-time Data Management

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Timeline of 40 CFR Part 63

Subpart CC

2012

Collect

baseline

data

Begin

reporting

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Finalize

strategy

and

contracts

Develop data

management

strategy

Implement

Sampling

program

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Strategic Assessment of the Benzene

Monitoring

Pilot studies combining Method 325A/B with

real-time monitoring Consider conducting under attorney/client

privilege

Acquire sample collection equipment

Develop SOPs, train samplers

Vet, contract and “train” laboratory

Optimize data reduction, validation, reporting

Compare field to laboratory

Establish background, sources

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Contacts

Environmental Standards, Inc.

David Gratson, CEAC

Senior Chemist

dgratson@envstd.com

505-660-8521

Defiant Technologies

Patrick Lewis

President

505- 999-5880/ 505-307-3576

Field Data Solutions

Michael Waltman

Manager

800-393-4009/ 412-723-1224