cementation
TRANSCRIPT
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Engineer/ Dictor Omien
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Oil Well cementing is the process of mixing a slurry of cement and water and displacing it down the casing, tubing or drill pipe to a pre specified point in the well
Two types of cementing process Primary cementing Secondary cementing
CEMENTATION
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PRIMARY CEMENTATION
The cementing takes place soon after the lowering of casing is called primary cementation.
It is the process of mixing a slurry of cement and water and pumping it down through steel casing of the critical points in the annulus between casing and open hole.
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MAIN FUNCTIONS
• To bond and support the casing
• Protect the casing from corrosion.
• To restrict fluid movement between formations
• Protecting the casing from shock loads
• Sealing-off problematic zones.
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High Press Gas
Fresh Water
Gas
Oil
Water
Oil
Surface Casing
Intermediate Casing
Production Casing
Conductor Casing
PRIMARY CEMENTING
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Three most commonly used techniques :-
1. Single stage cementation2. Multi stage cementation3. Liner cementation
TECHNIQUES
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SINGLE STAGE CEMENTING
It is the Most common technique
Normally accomplished by pumping one batch of cement down the casing between two rubber plugs. The bottom plug is placed in the casing, followed by cement slurry.
When the batch of cement has been pumped into the casing, a top plug is released.
The top plug is pumped down until it lands on the top of float collar, thus completing the cement job.
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Float Shoe
Float collar
Bottom Plug
Top Plug
Centralizers
Cement Slurry
Well Fluid (Mud)
Pre-flush/ Spacer
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FLOAT COLLARGUIDE SHOE
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CEMENTING PLUGS
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CENTRALIZERS
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MULTI STAGE CEMENTATION
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STAGE COLLAR FOR MULTI STAGE CEMENTATION
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13-3/8” C/Shoe(1200 M)
LINER CEMENTATIO
N
9-5/8” C/Shoe(2800 M)
7” Liner Shoe(3800 M)
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POST JOB CONSIDERATION
WAITING ON CEMENT (WOC)
Compressive strength
500psi Resuming
drilling
2000psi Perforation
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CEMENT AND ADDITIVES
Cement • Class ‘G’ Oil Well Cement
Chemicals & AdditivesUsed to change the properties of cement slurries.
• Accelerators• Retarders• Fluid Loss Additives• Friction Reducer• Defoamer
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ANY CEMENTING OPERATION THAT OCCUR
AFTER THE PRIMARY CEMENTING OPERATION.
TYPES OF SECONDARY
CEMENTATION
PLUG CEMENTING
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
SECONDARY CEMENTATION
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PLUG CEMENTING
In plug cementing, a cement plug of a specified length is placed across a selected interval in an open or a cased hole.
The cement is normally pumped through open-ended drill pipe or tubing.
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TECHNIQUEBALANCE PLUG METHOD
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Reasons for setting a cement
plug
1. To stop lost circulation during drilling.
2. Directional drilling and side tracking.
3. To plug back a depleted zone.
4. Abandonment.
5. To provide anchor for open hole test
tool.
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SQUEEZE CEMENTING
The most common remedial method used today is squeeze cementing.
In squeeze cementing -The slurry is forced by pressure to a specified point in the annulus to cause a seal at the point of squeeze.
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CLASSIFICATION BY PRESSURE
1. LOW PRESSURE SQUEEZING.
2. HIGH PRESSURE SQUEEZING.
SQUEEZING TECHNIQUES
1. BRADENHEAD.
2. PACKER SQUEEZE.
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SQUEEZE TECHNIQUES
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SQUEEZE TECHNIQUES
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CLASIFICATION BY PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE SQUEEZING Injection pressure < formation
fracture pressure
Cavities and interconnected voids filled with dehydrated cement
Volume of cement small
Perforation and channel clear of mud and other solids
Small node of cement filter cake with properly designed slurries
Highest success rate
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CLASIFICATION BY PRESSURE
HIGH PRESSURE SQUEEZE Injection pressure > formation
fracture pressure
Channels not directly connected to perforations
Impossible to remove plugging material inside perforations
Placement accomplished by breaking down formation
Location & orientation of fracture not controlled.
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SQUEEZE DEFINITION
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Applications : 1. Supplement a faulty primary cement job.
2. Reduce water/oil, water/gas, or gas/oil ratio.
3. Repair casing leaks.
4. Stop lost circulation in open hole while drilling.
5. Supplement primary cement around a liner by
squeezing the top of the liner (during primary
cementation)
6. Sealing leakage of the liner top (in case of failure
after primary cementation).
7. Abandonment of single zones.
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RE-CEMENT SQUEEZE
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CHANNEL SQUEEZING
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CASING SPLIT
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LINER SQUEEZE
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CEMENTING: PLANNING & JOB EXECUTION•SLURRY DESIGN•BLENDING & LOADING OF CEMENT•WELL PREPARATIONSpace for placementClean waterMud pumpsPressure gauges & stroke counterCentralizerConnection from stand pipeMobilization of equipment
JOB EXECUTION
POST JOB CONSIDERATION• Casing pressure• Waiting on cement
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