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Cellular Seismology inthe Central and Eastern
United States?
Alan KafkaBoston Collegewww2.bc.edu/~kafka
Questions:
(1) Is the “tendency forfuture earthquakes to occurnear past earthquakes” a real,measurable, physicalphenomenon?
(2) Do we have samples thatare representative of thisphenomenon?
(3) Can we measure it?
USGS National Seismic Hazard MapsPast Seismicity Future Earthquakes
“When you can measure something and expressit in numbers, you know something about it.” - Lord Kelvin
H1 H2
H3
Choose a radius such thatcircles fill P percentage of maparea.
ρ = 6/8 = 75% = sample ofbinomial random variable, ρ.
ρ = Probability(“success”)
success = red circle occurswithin one of the green circles.
^
33% Map Area78% Hits 79% Hits
Northeastern United States
M ≥ 3.0 (1984-1987)M ≥ 5.0 (1988-2001)
Southern California
M ≥ 2.0 (1975-1987)M ≥ 4.0 (1988-2001)
33% Map Area
Central and Eastern United States
M ≥ 3.0 (1924-1987)M ≥ 4.5 (1988-2003)
-65-105
25
50
90% Hits
74%Hits
33%Area
RegionsStudied
Results(1988-2001)
NEUS = Northeastern USSEUS = Southeastern USNM = New MadridCEUS = Central and Eastern USSCA = Southern CaliforniaNCA = Northern CaliforniaPNW = Pacific NorthwestISR = IsraelTKY = Turkey
ρ̂
mean
ρ(P)^
%area (P)
ρ̂
P
What is the distribution of , for a given P?
What is the best estimateof ρ, for a given P?
ρ̂
P = 33%
ρ̂
ρ̂
From Kafka (SRL, 2002)
What is the 95% confidenceinterval for ρ, for a given P?
_
R11R12
R14R13
R21R22
R23R24
Magnitude > 5.0
NEIC 1973-2002
R1492%
R2470%
87-88 (M5.0+)89-90 (M5.5+)
P = 10% Area
R2284%
Can apply CellularSeismology method
to many:
two-year (“past”)
two-year (“future”)
sub-catalogs ofNEIC data,
and test hypothesessystematically.
M5+ M6.0+
10%Map Area
ρ̂
Region
M5+ M5.5+
936.7
7610.6
6616.7
8314.9
875.8
955.8
4928.5
876.6
914.3 78
6.8
6311.2
8010.9
864.0
953.1
6116.6
876.6
93%76%
66% 87%
87%49%
83%95%
_%Hits for 10% Map Area
INAP
RIDGE
CONTINENT
%Hits for 33% Map Area
SUBDUCTION80%
39%
98%
100%
INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICAN PLATE (INAP): 80%CONTINENT: 39% RIDGE: 98% SUBDUCTION: 100%
Central and Eastern United States
M ≥ 3.0 (1924-1987)M ≥ 4.0 (1988-2003)
-65-105
25
50
Future large earthquakesin the CEUS have about86% probability ofoccurring within 36 km ofpast earthquakes, andabout 60% probability ofoccurring within 14 km ofpast earthquakes.
- Kafka (2005)
green zones = 36 km radius = 33% map areablue zones = 14 km radius = 10% map area
0.79≤ρ(0.33)≤0.93
0.50≤ρ(0.10)≤0.70
ρ(0.33)=0.86
ρ(0.10)=0.60
^
^
M ≥ 3.0 (1924-1987)
M ≥ 4.0 (January 2004 - April 2006)
green zones = 33% map area 53% hitsblue zones = 10% map area 33% hits
Central and Eastern United States
M(min)
ρ̂
ρ̂
Fortune cookie
M ≥ 3.0 (1924-1987)
M ≥ 3.0 (January 2004 - April 2006)
green zones = 33% map area 63% hitsblue zones = 10% map area 35% hits
Central and Eastern United States
ρ̂
ρ̂
Sample Number (time)