cellular respiration. who does cellular respiration? animals humans plants/algae basically any...
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
WHO DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION?AnimalsHumansPlants/Algae
Basically any organism with nuclei & mitochondria
So what other organisms have mitochondria?
Mitochondria: organelle in cell that functions in production of energy
WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Exothermic reactionOccurs in the mitochondriaEnzymes are necessary for reaction
to occurWhere have you heard enzymes
before?
WHY DO THEY DO IT?
To release energy stored in food
To convert the energy into a different form of energy that the organism’s cell(s) can use
2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION
Aerobic: oxygen is present; large amounts of ATP are produced
Anaerobic: absence of oxygen; less amounts of ATP are produced
AEROBIC RESPIRATION: 3 STEPS
Glycolysis: the breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate (3 carbon compound); 2 ATPs formed
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): converts pyruvate into CO2; 2 ATPs formed
Electron Transport Chain: uses NADH & FADH2 (just carrier molecules) to form 32 ATPs & water
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
GLYCOLYSIS
Means “splitting of sugar”Breakdown of glucose into
pyruvateOccurs in cytoplasm of cellSince it happens in the
cytoplasm, what does this mean?Produces 2 ATP molecules
KREB’S CYCLE
Converts pyruvate into CO2
Occurs in the mitochondriaProduces 2 ATP molecules +
NADH + FADH2 + CO2
Remember NADH and FADH2 are just carrier molecules.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Uses NADH & FADH2 to form ATP & H2O
Occurs in mitochondrial membrane
Produces 32 ATP molecules & water
END RESULT: 36 ATP molecules
ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2 types:
Alcohol FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation
Fermentation: the anaerobic (no oxygen) conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
2 Step Process:
Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules]
Pyruvate + NADH Ethanol (alcohol) + NAD+ + CO2 [produces NO energy]
Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION CONT.
Exhibited by yeast in baking bread
Used to make wine or beer
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
2 Step Process:
Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules]
Pyruvate + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+ [produces NO energy]
Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose
LACTIC FERMENTATION CONT.
Exhibited in the souring of milkOccurs in muscle cells when they
run out of oxygen
LACTIC FERMENTATION IN MUSCLES
When muscles are exercised & there is not enough O2 in the cells, the cells must get energy another way- lactic
acid fermentation.
The lactic acid, if not released, builds up in the muscles & causes fatigue & soreness.
After time, the lactic acid is removed from the
muscles, taken to the liver & recycled back into
pyruvate.