cellular respiration. the cell microtubules microfilaments
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
![Page 2: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Cell
![Page 3: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Microtubules
Microfilaments
![Page 4: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Microvilli
Cilia
Stereocilia
Flagella
Function?
![Page 5: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cilia and flagella movement:• 9 + 2 microtubule
arrangement Centrioles: used in
cell division
![Page 6: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Cell
![Page 8: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ribosomes: used in protein assembly:• Free and membrane bound
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): packages the proteins:• Smooth ER: no ribosomes, lipid synthesis• Rough ER: has ribosomes, protein manufacture
![Page 10: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Protein Synthesis Stores Calcium
![Page 11: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Function: Transfer of messages from DNA Fixed to ER or free in cytoplasm
![Page 12: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RER: Protein synthesis, storage, modification & transport vesicles
SER: Synthesis and conversion of FA, steroids, and lipidsIn muscle: Ca2+ storage
![Page 13: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Receives substances from ER, refines and packages them
![Page 14: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Modification (labeling) of proteins• Packaging into secretory (to ECF) or storage vesicles
TEM
“Post office” of cell
![Page 15: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vesicles: storage, secretory membrane-bound spheres Examples: secretory, endocytic, peroxisomes,
lysosomes
![Page 16: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Digestion (~ 50 enzymes) of bacteria and old Organelles
“Garbage Can of the Cell”
![Page 18: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Major function: Degradation of long chain Fatty Acids
Generate hydrogen peroxide contain catalase
Smaller than Lysosomes -
Different set of enzymes
![Page 19: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Double membrane: inner membrane contains enzymes that break down foods
Liberated energy used to create ATP
![Page 20: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fat: triglycerides, long-term energy storage in animals
Glycogen: short-term energy storage in animals, carbohydrate storage
![Page 21: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Definition = “All chemical reactions that take place within an organism.”
Metabolic pathways = network of linked reactions
![Page 22: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Anabolism: requires enzymes:• Making/assembling large molecules• May require energy (ATP)• Used in building up cell components• Used in storing energy
![Page 23: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Catabolism: requires enzymes:• Breakdown of molecules• May release energy• Used in breaking down nutrients/recycling cell
components• Used to access energy storage
![Page 24: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Glucose provides energy for the cell
![Page 25: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Glycolysis: in cytoplasm:• Split glucose• Produce two ATP and two pyruvate molecules
Krebs cycle: in mitochondria:• Extract high-energy electrons• Produce two ATP and carbon dioxide
Electron transport system: in mitochondria:• Energy from electrons used to produce ATP• Produce water and carbon dioxide
![Page 26: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Anaerobic catabolism: Pyruvate
Lactate
Aerobic catabolism: Pyruvate
Citric Acid Cycle
![Page 30: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
On the inner membrane of the mitochondria• Protein complexes including enzymes and iron-
containing proteins called cytochromes Chemiosmotic Theory
• Movement of electrons through the etc to produce ATP
![Page 32: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Fats: triglycerides have twice the energy of carbohydrates
Proteins: same energy as carbohydrates
![Page 36: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Functions:• Contains the genetic information of the cell• Controls the cell
Structural features:• Double-layered nuclear membrane• Nuclear pores• Chromosomes/chromatin• Nucleolus
![Page 38: Cellular Respiration. The Cell Microtubules Microfilaments](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649f255503460f94c3c21f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Control Center
Nuclear envelope with nuclear pore complexes for diffusion and active transport
Chromatin (DNA and proteins)
DNA forms genes
One or more nucleoli