Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

• Purpose: Create Purpose: Create ATPATP molecules from Glucose! molecules from Glucose!• Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.• Two Types:Two Types:

1. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in Cytoplasm1. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in Cytoplasm

*organisms do *organisms do NOTNOT use oxygen! use oxygen!

*Inefficient for multicellular organisms.*Inefficient for multicellular organisms.

2.Aerobic Respiration: cytoplasm and mitochondrion2.Aerobic Respiration: cytoplasm and mitochondrion

*organisms USE oxygen.*organisms USE oxygen.

*Efficient for multicellular organisms*Efficient for multicellular organisms

GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSIS

• Glyco: sugar Lysis: dissolvingGlyco: sugar Lysis: dissolving• Process that breaks down GLUCOSE to obtain Process that breaks down GLUCOSE to obtain

ATPATP molecules! molecules!

• Occurs in the CytoplasmOccurs in the Cytoplasm

• 11stst step in BOTH Aerobic and Anaerobic step in BOTH Aerobic and Anaerobic Respirations.Respirations.

• NAD is an enzyme that picks up H and NAD is an enzyme that picks up H and electronselectrons

What happens during What happens during Glycolysis?Glycolysis?

1.1. 2 ATPS are used to break glucose apart. 6 2 ATPS are used to break glucose apart. 6 Carbon Glucose molecule is broken into 2 Carbon Glucose molecule is broken into 2 Pyruvic Acids (3 Carbon sugar) are created.Pyruvic Acids (3 Carbon sugar) are created.

2. Net vs. Gross energy2. Net vs. Gross energyProcess Made: 4 ATPS (Gross #) Used: 2 ATPS Process Made: 4 ATPS (Gross #) Used: 2 ATPS

4 – 2 = 2 ATPS (Net #)4 – 2 = 2 ATPS (Net #)

Products of GlycolysisProducts of Glycolysis

• From the break down of CFrom the break down of C66HH1212OO6 6 (Glucose):(Glucose):

1.1. 2 Pyruvic Acids 2 Pyruvic Acids moves to the next chemical moves to the next chemical reaction. reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration)(either anaerobic or aerobic respiration)

2.2. 2 ATPs (NET #)2 ATPs (NET #)3.3. NADH NADH (taxi-cab; transports H ions)(taxi-cab; transports H ions) moves to the moves to the

next chemical reaction.next chemical reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration)(either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) OxygenOxygen is available is available Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration occurs occurs

NO OXYGENNO OXYGEN = = Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration occurs occurs

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

• Steps:Steps:1.1. Glycolysis: 2 ATPs madeGlycolysis: 2 ATPs made2.2. Fermentation: 0 ATPS madeFermentation: 0 ATPS made• Both steps occur in the Cytoplasm Both steps occur in the Cytoplasm This is why this organelle is the site of many This is why this organelle is the site of many

chemical reactions! chemical reactions!

Who uses Anaerobic Resp. ? Who uses Anaerobic Resp. ? Bacteria, plants, fungus (yeast), and Bacteria, plants, fungus (yeast), and animals (animals (muscle cells onlymuscle cells only) )

ALCOHOLIC ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION

1.1. Yeast, plants and bacteria use this.Yeast, plants and bacteria use this.

2. 0 ATP made; 2. 0 ATP made; NAD is regeneratedNAD is regenerated

2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH 2 Ethanol 2 Ethanol (Alcohol)(Alcohol)+ 2 CO+ 2 CO22 + 2 NAD + 2 NAD

ALCOHOLIC ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION

• Products made from alcoholic Products made from alcoholic fermentation:fermentation:

• 2 NAD, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO2 NAD, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO22

Food/Beverage Products made from Food/Beverage Products made from this process:this process:

• BreadsBreads• Beer Beer • WineWine

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

1. Fungus, plants, bacteria, and animal muscle 1. Fungus, plants, bacteria, and animal muscle cells use this.cells use this.

2. 0 ATP made; 2. 0 ATP made; NAD is regeneratedNAD is regenerated

Step:Step:

2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH 2 Lactic Acid + 2 Lactic Acid +

2 NAD2 NAD• Lactic acid builds up: In animals causes Lactic acid builds up: In animals causes

soreness of muscles. Lactic acid is shipped to soreness of muscles. Lactic acid is shipped to liver and converted back into a sugar.liver and converted back into a sugar.

LACTIC ACID LACTIC ACID FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION

• Products made from Lactic Acid Products made from Lactic Acid Fermentation:Fermentation:

• 2 NAD, 2 Lactic Acid2 NAD, 2 Lactic Acid

Food Products made from this Food Products made from this process:process:

YogurtYogurt

Soy sauceSoy sauce

SauerkrautSauerkraut

Review of Review of Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

• Occurs in the cytoplasmOccurs in the cytoplasm

• Steps:Steps:1. Glycolysis: 2 ATPs1. Glycolysis: 2 ATPs

2. Fermentation: Lactic Acid or 2. Fermentation: Lactic Acid or

Alcoholic: 0 ATPsAlcoholic: 0 ATPs

Inefficient: 2 ATPs/GlucoseInefficient: 2 ATPs/Glucose

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

• CC66HH1212 O O66 + 6 O + 6 O2 2 6 CO6 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22O O

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

• Requires Requires oxygenoxygen to make ATP. to make ATP.

• Process begins in the cytoplasm Process begins in the cytoplasm and ends in a mitochondrion.and ends in a mitochondrion.

• Makes Makes 18X18X more ATP molecules more ATP molecules than anaerobic respiration (36 in than anaerobic respiration (36 in aerobic and 2 in anaerobic)aerobic and 2 in anaerobic)

Structure of a Structure of a Mitochondrion Mitochondrion

• Inner and outer membranes similar Inner and outer membranes similar to the cell membraneto the cell membrane

• Matrix and CristaeMatrix and Cristae

Steps of Aerobic Steps of Aerobic Respiration Respiration

• 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the

CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM

Products:Products:

2 Pyruvic Acids 2 Pyruvic Acids

2 ATP (net #), 2 ATP (net #),

2 NADH2 NADH

Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle (Citric Cycle)(Citric Cycle)

2. 2. Krebs cycleKrebs cycle • Occurs in matrix Occurs in matrix

of mitochondrion of mitochondrion • Products:Products:

2 ATPs 2 ATPs Diagram in book: p. 227Diagram in book: p. 227

Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain (ETC)(ETC)

• Occurs in the cristae of a Occurs in the cristae of a mitochondrionmitochondrion

• FADHFADH22 and NADH enter and create: and NADH enter and create:

1.1. 32 ATP32 ATP

2.2. HH22OO3.3. Carrier molecules (FAD and NAD) Carrier molecules (FAD and NAD)

return to beginning of the cyclereturn to beginning of the cycle

Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration ProductsProducts

• Glycolysis: Glycolysis: 2 ATPs2 ATPs• Krebs: Krebs: 2 ATPs2 ATPs• ETC: ETC: 32 ATPs32 ATPs

• TOTAL: 36 ATPs/Glucose. TOTAL: 36 ATPs/Glucose.

Carbondioxide, WaterCarbondioxide, Water• How does this compare to How does this compare to

Anaerobic?Anaerobic?