cellular respiration - mrs. wardle's teacher page€¦ · adp = atp . electron transport: the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The process by which cells harvest the
energy stored in food
Cellular Respiration
1
![Page 2: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SAVING FOR A Rainy Day Suppose you earned extra money by having a
part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank account.
What are the benefits of having a bank account?
What do you have to do if you need some of this money?
What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to carry out its activities?
What does your body do when it needs energy?
2
![Page 3: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Feel the Burn
Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good
ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses
oxygen to get energy from glucose,
a six-carbon sugar.
How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?
Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance?
3
![Page 4: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do living organisms fuel their
actions? Cellular respiration: the big
picture
4
![Page 5: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The “bag-within-a-bag”
5
![Page 6: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Video
Cellular Respiration – Hockey Video
6
![Page 7: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ATP
Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
7
![Page 8: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ATP
ATP
Energy
Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially charged battery
Fully charged battery
8
![Page 9: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs
cycle
Electron
transport
Fermentation
(without oxygen)
Alcohol or
lactic acid
Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways
9
![Page 10: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cellular Respiration: The Big Picture
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
10
![Page 11: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cellular
Respiration:
The big picture
11
![Page 12: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Glucose Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic
acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs
Cycle
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2 Electron
Transport
Chain
Mitochondrion
Cellular Respiration: The Big
Picture
Mitochondrion
Section 9-1
12
![Page 13: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cellular Respiration: The Big
Picture
Section 9-1
13
![Page 14: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Three-Step
Process
Biggest ATP
“payoff” (90%)
occurs during the
electron transport
chain.
14
![Page 15: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cellular Respiration Section 9-2
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
15
![Page 16: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
Requires (1) fuel and (2) oxygen.
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds of
sugar, protein, and fat molecules.
Breaks bonds to release the high-energy electrons
captured in ATP.
Oxygen is electron magnet.
16
![Page 17: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
17
![Page 18: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
In Humans…
Eat food
Digest it
Absorb nutrient molecules into bloodstream
Deliver nutrient molecules to the cells
At this point, our cells can begin to extract
some of the energy stored in the bonds of the
food molecules
18
![Page 20: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Glycolysis is the universal energy-
releasing pathway
splitting (lysis) of sugar (glyco)
1st step all organisms on the planet
take in breaking down food
molecules
for many single-celled organisms
this one step is sufficient to provide
all of the energy they need
20
![Page 21: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Glycolysis is the universal energy-
releasing pathway
21
![Page 22: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Glycolysis Three of the ten steps yield energy
quickly harnessed to make ATP
High-energy electrons are transferred to NADH
Net result:
each glucose molecule broken down into two
molecules of pyruvate
ATP molecules produced
NADH molecules store high-energy electrons
22
![Page 23: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Glycolysis
Glucose (6C) is broken down into 2 PGAL
(Phosphoglyceraldehyde – 3 Carbon molecules)
Cost: 2 ATP
23
![Page 24: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Glycolysis
2 PGAL (3C) are
converted to 2
pyruvates
Result: 4 ATP, 2
NADH
net ATP production =
2 ATP
24
![Page 25: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
![Page 26: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
How Glycolysis Works
Animation
Animation
26
![Page 28: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Fate of Pyruvate
Yeast: pyruvic acid is decarboxylated and reduced
by NADH to form a molecule of carbon dioxide
and one of ethanol
accounts for the bubbles and alcohol in, for
examples, beer and champagne (alcoholic
fermentation)
process is energetically wasteful because so much
of the free energy of glucose (~95%) remains in the
alcohol (a good fuel!)
28
![Page 29: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Fate of Pyruvate
29
Red blood cells and active muscles:
pyruvic acid is reduced by NADH
forming a molecule of lactic acid (lactic
acid fermentation)
process is energetically wasteful
because so much free energy remains
in the lactic acid molecule
![Page 30: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Fate of Pyruvate
30
Mitochondria: pyruvic acid is oxidized
completely to form CO2 & H2O (cellular
respiration)
~ 40% of energy in original glucose
molecule is trapped in molecules of
ATP
![Page 31: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
If glycolysis is very inefficient, why do
it?
1. Because pyruvate can be metabolized to yield
more water
2. Because pyruvate can be metabolized to yield
more CO2
3. Because pyruvate can be metabolized to
absorb more electrons
4. Because pyruvate can be further metabolized
to yield more energy
31
![Page 32: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The mitochondrion
32
Mitochondria: found in all cells in the human body except RBCs
Surrounded by an outer membrane w/transport proteins through lipid bilayer
Inner membrane impermeable to ions and other small molecules, except where a path is provided by transport proteins
Inner membrane has many folds called cristae
Matrix: central area of organelle
Site for production of cellular energy using Krebs cycle
![Page 33: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Preparatory Phase to the Krebs Cycle
33
![Page 34: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl
Co-A for Entry Into the Krebs Cycle
34
After glycolysis (cytoplasm), pyruvic acid
interior of mitochondrion
CO2 removed from each 3C pyruvic acid molecule
acetic acid
acetic acid combines with coenzyme A acetyl
coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
Once acetyl CoA is formed, Krebs cycle begins
In the process, electrons and a hydrogen ion are
transferred to NAD to form high-energy NADH
![Page 35: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl
Co-A for Entry Into the Kreb's Cycle
2 NADH are generated
2 CO2 are released
35
![Page 36: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Krebs Cycle extracts energy
from sugar
36
Acetic acid (from breakdown of pyruvate) +
oxaloacetate = citrate
Acetyl CoA carries acetic acid from one enzyme
another
Acetyl CoA is released by hydrolysis, combine
w/another acetic acid, re-enters Krebs cycle
![Page 37: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
![Page 38: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Kreb’s Cycle extracts energy
from sugar
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
4 CO2 (to
atmosphere)
38
![Page 39: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Krebs Cycle extracts energy
from sugar
39
![Page 40: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Kreb’s Cycle extracts energy
from sugar
40
Animation
![Page 42: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Building ATP in the electron transport
chain
42
2 key features of mitochondria
1. mitochondrial “bag-within-a-bag”
structure
2. electron carriers organized within
the inner “bag”
![Page 43: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Building ATP in the electron transport
chain
43
2 mitochondrial spaces higher concentrations
of molecules in one area or the other
1. intermembrane space
2. mitochondrial matrix
concentration gradient = potential energy
energy released can be used to do work
ETC: energy used to build ATP
![Page 44: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Follow the Electrons, as We Did in
Photosynthesis
#2) This proton concentration
gradient represents a significant
source of potential energy! 44
![Page 45: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Proton Gradients and Potential
Energy
45
Force of H+ ion flow acts as fuel
free-floating phosphate groups +
ADP = ATP
![Page 47: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
![Page 49: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Energy is obtained from a molecule of glucose
in a stepwise fashion. Why would this method
of harvesting energy be beneficial to the
cell/organism?
1. It is more efficient to form sugars a little bit at a
time rather than all at once.
2. It is more efficient to release energy a little bit at
a time rather than in one giant explosion.
3. It is more efficient to make ATP from ADP than
to make it from scratch.
4. All of the above.
49
![Page 50: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Plants have both chloroplasts and
mitochondria. Why?
1. The mitochondria also synthesize sugars.
2. The mitochondria are used to convert oxygen to
carbon dioxide for the plant.
3. The mitochondria break down sugars produced
by photosynthesis to provide energy for the
cellular work of the plant.
4. The mitochondria break down fat produced by
photosynthesis to provide energy for the cellular
work of the plant.
50
![Page 51: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Alternative Pathways to Energy
Acquisition
51
Rapid, strenuous exertion bodies fall behind in delivering O2 from lungs
bloodstream cells mitochondria
O2 deficiency limits rate at which the mitochondria can break
down fuel and produce ATP occurs because ETC requires O2 as final acceptor
of all e- generated during glycolysis & Krebs e- from NADH (and FADH2) have nowhere to go
![Page 52: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Alternative Pathways to Energy
Acquisition
52
NAD+ /FAD+ halted
no recipient for e- harvested from breakdown of
glucose and pyruvate
process of cellular respiration stops
Most organisms have a back-up method for
breaking down sugar
animals: in absence of oxygen, pyruvate accepts e-
from NADH
when pyruvate accepts e-, forms lactic acid
![Page 53: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Alternative Pathways to Energy
Acquisition
53
Animation: Lactic Acid Fermentation
![Page 54: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Alternative Pathways to Energy
Acquisition
54
Yeast
e- acceptor is acetaldehyde
leads to the production of all drinking
alcohol
produce alcohol only in the absence of
oxygen
fermentation tanks used in producing
wine, beer, and other spirits are built
specifically to keep oxygen out
![Page 55: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Alternative Pathways to Energy
Acquisition
55
Animation: Alcoholic Fermentation
![Page 56: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
![Page 57: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Which process below uses anaerobic respiration?
1. Running 10 miles
2. Swimming 1 mile
3. Sprinting 100 meters
4. Making beer
5. 3 and 4
57
![Page 58: Cellular respiration - Mrs. Wardle's Teacher Page€¦ · ADP = ATP . Electron Transport: The Movie 46 . 47 . Review of Cellular Respiration 48 Review Animation . Energy is obtained](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060907/60a16e4bfb93c96dea4ff119/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Cells can run
on protein and
fat as well as
on glucose
58